James F. Gilsinan, James E. Fisher, Muhammad Q. Islam, Henry M. Ordower and Wassim Shahin
Efforts to combat corruption in society often seem to resemble a game of whack-a-mole. When dealt with in one sector of the society, it pops up in another, and while that is being…
Abstract
Purpose
Efforts to combat corruption in society often seem to resemble a game of whack-a-mole. When dealt with in one sector of the society, it pops up in another, and while that is being dealt with, it again raises its ugly head in the place where it had appeared to be suppressed. This paper aims to present a model of how corruption spreads based on an alternative view of its main components.
Design/methodology/approach
Key elements of the model are analyzed by applying them to particular examples of systemic ethical failures using a variety of mini cases across a number of policy areas.
Findings
Corruption is based on conformity rather than rule breaking. Furthermore, personal or corporate gains are not sufficient as causes of ethically problematic actions. More fundamentally, survival of the organizational enterprise is the driving force in spreading corrupt behavior.
Practical implications
This paper concludes with a discussion of the model’s efficacy for formulating legislative solutions for ethical lapses in a particular policy area. Again, a mini cases study is used to illustrate the main points of the argument.
Originality/value
Viewing systemic ethical failures through this alternative lens may well result in more effective ways to combat the spread of corrupt practices.
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James F. Gilsinan, Neil Seitz, James Fisher, Muhammad Q. Islam and James Millar
The purpose of this paper is to examine the legislative process, in order to determine the likely effectiveness of financial reform efforts in the USA.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the legislative process, in order to determine the likely effectiveness of financial reform efforts in the USA.
Design/methodology/approach
Case study of the legislative process, particularly the less visible parts such as rule making, that shaped the passage and implementation of the Dodd‐Frank Act and the failed Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) reform.
Findings
It is found that the process of financial reform legislation is structured in such a way as to thwart major reform, at least in the short run.
Practical implications
The passage of a particular piece of legislation may be the least important element in the process of reform. Rule making and the decisions as to how a law will be implemented, can advance or significantly defeat the quest for change.
Social implications
Much of what occurs in the legislative process is invisible, or appears arcane, to the ordinary citizen but can have major impact on their lives.
Originality/value
The paper provides a road map to understanding the least visible parts of financial reform efforts and suggests ways of achieving reform outcomes.
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This paper aims to find out the similarities and differences in meaning between the word “al amanah” and trust.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to find out the similarities and differences in meaning between the word “al amanah” and trust.
Design/methodology/approach
As a qualitative research, a content analysis is used in three stages. First, to elaborate the exegesis of the related Qur’anic verses together with the background narration or asbab un-nuzul if any and the Prophetic hadith where the word amanah is and to analyse and conclude its meanings. Second, the word “trust” is analysed based on the discussions in the literature which will lead to its specific meanings. Third, the concluded meanings of amanah and trust are to be compared to find out their similarities and differences.
Findings
Amanah and trust have the similar meanings: safe, confident, ability to fulfil the expectation of the person who trust, having competence or expertise to perform duty, deliver commitments, keep promises, work with a full of responsibility, integrity or obedient to moral principles. Differences: Amanah is not only oriented to humanity and responsibility in human’s relations but also, more importantly, to God Allah the Almighty, obeying His commands to make it as ibadah or acts of worshipping Allah the Almighty for maslahah or welfare for society.
Practical implications
The findings are considered important for companies or organisations. Before doing a commercial transaction or entering a contract or hiring an employee, they must study the quality of the counterparty whether they are capable to do the job as expected or not. In addition, the findings indicate that Islamic teachings concerning muamalat or Islamic rules for social dealings is universal in nature.
Originality/value
Being the first time to compare the word al amanah to trust, the findings point out the important elements to be evaluated when assigning a certain duty to an agent.
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Iman Kanani, Abdullatif Ahmadi Ramchahi, Mohammad Zarasi, Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli and Raja Jamilah Raja Yusof
This paper aims to clarify the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in human society, based on the concept of muwālāt (commonly translated as “loyalty”) in the Qurʾān.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to clarify the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in human society, based on the concept of muwālāt (commonly translated as “loyalty”) in the Qurʾān.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study follows a contextual and analytical methodology.
Findings
This paper concludes that muwālāt is not only ideological but can be contractual too. A historical study of the Prophet’s (PBUH) interaction with non-Muslims in Mecca and Medina illustrates that as long as non-Muslims did not behave treacherously or turn to violence, a peaceful relationship was established and alliances and coalitions were formed. And this paper concludes that the categorisation of previous Muslim scholars, which was is in terms of prohibited and permitted, is inappropriate.
Originality/value
This paper clarifies that the categorisation of previous Muslim scholars, which was in terms of prohibited and permitted, is inappropriate, and muwālāt is not only belongs to faith.
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Mastura Ab. Wahab and Tajul Ariffin Masron
Throughout the extant studies on Islamic work values, many variations in the concept of Islamic work values were found. This has created some confusions and misunderstandings on…
Abstract
Purpose
Throughout the extant studies on Islamic work values, many variations in the concept of Islamic work values were found. This has created some confusions and misunderstandings on what is the core of Islamic work values that is highly emphasized by Islam. The unanimity of Islamic work values is fundamental to Islamic organizations, and businesses in particular, as it indicates ethical, effectiveness and religious reputations of the organizations. This paper aims to identify the core Islamic work values based on Islamic legal texts (the Qur‘an and the Hadith as the two main Islamic sources), the writings of Islamic scholars and then to have experts verify whether or not the identified work values are core Islamic work values.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a qualitative approach where Islamic legal texts (the Qur’an and the Hadith) as well as the writing of Islamic scholars were used as a main reference to identify the core Islamic work values. These identified core Islamic work values were later verified by the muftīs. The verification assessment involved six muftīs from Malaysia.
Findings
The final result revealed that 14 core Islamic work values have been verified by the muftīs. These 14 considered core Islamic work values are essential work values of Islam which are important to achieve effective work performance.
Research limitations/implications
The findings presented are useful for managers and employees in Islamic organizations to decide on what Islamic work values that should be given more precedence and to be practised in their organizations.
Originality/value
This is a novel study that combines two approaches, the Islamic legal texts and muftīs verification regarding the work values obtained that can be accepted as the core Islamic work values. Therefore, these findings can be a guide for many future studies in the area of Islamic work values.
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This study addresses the question of whether Islamic epistemology and ethics advance the understanding and promotion of sustainable development (SD) in the field of Islamic…
Abstract
Purpose
This study addresses the question of whether Islamic epistemology and ethics advance the understanding and promotion of sustainable development (SD) in the field of Islamic management, economics and finance (IMEF). This study also aims to understand how contemporary ethical theories explain and harmonise Islamic ethics in the context of SD.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts the PRISMA protocol and conducts a systematic literature review of 62 articles published from 2015 to 2023 to provide answers to four research questions. The selected publications were taken from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the purposive sampling technique, and taking into account the selection criteria of quality, relevance and timeliness of the publications.
Findings
Four key findings emerged from the review. Firstly, Islamic epistemology and ethics, drawn from the Qur’an and Hadith, guide practices toward SD. Secondly, Islamic epistemology and ethics promote SD through various initiatives, including ethical behaviour, environmental stewardship, social responsibility, Islamic banking and financing ethics and Islamic social financing principles among others. Third, contemporary ethical theories such as virtue ethics, intentionalism, consequentialism and deontological ethics enrich the application of Islamic ethical foundations in the context of SD. Finally, the theoretical connection between Islamic epistemology, ethics and SD lies in their alignment toward promoting ethical behaviour, social responsibility and holistic ecosystem well-being.
Practical implications
The insights provided by this review offer practical implications for researchers, policymakers and practitioners in IMEF. The insights also underscore the importance of integrating Islamic ethical principles into SD initiatives and policy frameworks.
Originality/value
This novel study offers unique perspectives by integrating contemporary ethical theories with Islamic ethics and epistemology to justify SD in ways that are both theoretically and practically significant. In addition, six novel propositions are suggested for future research in IMEF.
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Muhammad Nazir and Shahab E. Saqib
Considering the speedy growth of Islamic finance and limited research work on Muslim behavior regarding Islamic Banking, this study aims to investigate to comprehend the stimulus…
Abstract
Purpose
Considering the speedy growth of Islamic finance and limited research work on Muslim behavior regarding Islamic Banking, this study aims to investigate to comprehend the stimulus of religiosity on customer’s behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model is developed on existing literature. The key dimensions of religiosity in the model include practice, knowledge, experience and consequences to capture the whole religiosity of customers. Model of the study investigates the impact of customer’s religiosity on their behavior in decision-making about selection of Islamic bank. Analysis of the study is based on the sample of 370 customers of Islamic banks from District Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data for the study collected through random sampling by a comprehensive survey questionnaire. Binary logistic model is used to test the data for statistical analysis.
Findings
The key findings of the study suggest that religiosity influence customer behavior positively in decision-making regarding Islamic finance. Service standards of Islamic banking has also significant impact on customer perception, while the financial education of the customers has insignificant impact on customer behavior.
Research limitations/implications
This study mainly focused on the curiosity of the customer religious commitment, so religiosity is a vast phenomenon; there are deep sections in each dimension of religiosity, so further study is suggested for the comprehensive capture of each dimension of religiosity.
Practical implications
The results of the study have a great importance for the managers of Islamic finance industry to identify and detect the potential customers and divide the target market of banking industry on the base of religiosity. Furthermore, the study may bring significant managerial suggestions for marketing planners and can help them in market segmentation strategies.
Originality/value
The study examined the association between Muslim religiosity and Islamic banking customer’s selection behavior. This study spread the understanding of religiosity and its impact on Islamic banking customer’s behavior. Furthermore, the study is valuable to discover the level to which religiosity determines the inclinations of customers. This study helps marketing practitioners and researchers to grow their knowledge about customer’s motives in terms of religious commitment.
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Masudul Alam Choudhury and Masudul Alam Choudhury
Pure economic theory ignores ethical values but in Islamic societythese are seen as essentially recreated entities of the social order.Islam presents its worldview not as a…
Abstract
Pure economic theory ignores ethical values but in Islamic society these are seen as essentially recreated entities of the social order. Islam presents its worldview not as a pluralistic value but as one that calls for the organisation of social and economic order around its well‐defined precepts, principles and instruments. The relationships between these are explained both philosophically and logically. Islamic social choice formation using syllogistic deductionism is demonstrated.
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Muhammad Zakiy, Claudius Budi Santoso, Reni Rosari and Heru Kurnianto Tjahjono
This paper aims to introduce the concept of Islamic locus of control (ILoC) and explores its influence on individual behavior within organizational contexts. It aims to integrate…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the concept of Islamic locus of control (ILoC) and explores its influence on individual behavior within organizational contexts. It aims to integrate Islamic values into the traditional understanding of LoC and investigate how ILoC affects motivation, responsibility and resilience among Muslim individuals in the workplace.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a conceptual approach, this paper draws from Islamic sources such as the Qur’an and Hadith, as well as literature on psychology, human resource management and Islamic theology. It synthesizes relevant theories and concepts to develop a comprehensive understanding of ILoC and its significance in organizational settings.
Findings
ILoC encompasses key dimensions including ikhtiyar (effort), tawakkul (reliance on Allah) and qadr (Divine Decree), which shape individuals’ perceptions of control and action within organizations. Individuals with a high ILoC are expected to exhibit greater motivation, responsibility and resilience, while also maintaining acceptance of Allah’s decree.
Research limitations/implications
Future research should focus on developing valid measurement instruments for assessing ILoC and conducting empirical studies to test its impact on organizational outcomes.
Practical implications
Understanding and fostering a supportive environment for individuals with a high ILoC can enhance motivation, responsibility and overall productivity within Islamic organizations.
Social implications
Promoting an environment that respects and integrates religious beliefs can contribute to social cohesion and harmony within diverse organizational settings.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing the novel concept of ILoC and offering insights into its implications for organizational behavior within Islamic contexts. It bridges the gap between psychology, human resource management and Islamic theology, providing a unique perspective on how religious beliefs influence individual behavior in the workplace.