Mariam Shahzadi, Muhammad Faraz Riaz, Sofia Anwar and Samia Nasreen
Strengthening the middle class has become a major policy goal in both developed and developing economies due to its social, economic, cultural and political importance. Keeping in…
Abstract
Purpose
Strengthening the middle class has become a major policy goal in both developed and developing economies due to its social, economic, cultural and political importance. Keeping in view the importance of middle class, the purpose of this paper is to measure the size of the middle class in the province of Punjab (the biggest province of Pakistan by population).
Design/methodology/approach
The study calculates a weighted composite index to measure the size of the middle class in the province of Punjab using the microcosmic data set, and the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement 2010-2011 survey data set. The index is composed of five major socioeconomic dimensions, that is, income, occupation, education, lifestyle and housing. The above-mentioned dimensions are weighted through “principal component analysis”.
Findings
The results show that 46 percent of the population of Punjab falls in the middle class. Furthermore, the findings explain that middle class is generally an urban phenomenon in Punjab with relatively high level of education and non-manual occupations.
Originality/value
Only a limited research is available for measuring the middle class in Pakistan. The current research is an attempt to fill this gap by providing some important insight to the research in this area.
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Keywords
Gul Afshan, Carolina Serrano-Archimi, Amir Riaz, Muhammad Kashif and Mansoor Ahmed Khuhro
Building on social exchange and deontic justice theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between supervisory justice (i.e. interactional, procedural and distributive…
Abstract
Purpose
Building on social exchange and deontic justice theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between supervisory justice (i.e. interactional, procedural and distributive) and conflict (i.e. relationship, process and task) through subordinates’ perceptions of psychological safety. Moreover, the authors hypothesize that interactional justice differentiation (IJD) within a workgroup at the group level interacts with supervisory justice at the individual level, affecting subordinates’ psychological safety and conflict.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected using a survey conducted among 378 service sector (banks, hospitals and universities) employees working under 54 supervisors.
Findings
Multi-level data analysis demonstrates that supervisory justice positively influences psychological safety, negatively affecting conflict. Moreover, psychological safety mediates the supervisory justice–conflict relationship. A cross-level interaction partially supports the conditional indirect effect of IJD in the supervisory justice–conflict relationship via psychological safety.
Originality/value
Following moral principles based on a deontic perspective, this study stretches the understanding of how to treat employees in a workgroup while creating a healthier working environment to minimize conflict fairly. This study extends the limited research on supervisory justice by conceptualizing employees’ perceptions of justice beyond an individual-level analysis.
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Muhammad Farrukh, Nabeel Yunus Ansari, Ali Raza, Fanchen Meng and Hong Wang
Drawing motivation from Lawrence Bossidy's quote and leaning on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, in this study, the authors aim to investigate the role of…
Abstract
Purpose
Drawing motivation from Lawrence Bossidy's quote and leaning on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, in this study, the authors aim to investigate the role of high-performance work practices (HPWPs) and psychological capital (H.E.R.O) in employee innovative work behavior (EIB).
Design/methodology/approach
The study is banked on a hypothetico-deductive approach. The relationships were measured by gathering data from 375 frontline service employees through structural equation modeling.
Findings
The study results indicate a positive impact of HPWPs on EIB. Moreover, the association between HPWPs-EIB is mediated by psychological capital (PsyCap).
Research limitations/implications
The current study contributed to the innovation research stream by determining driving forces that encourage employees to exhibit innovative work behaviors.
Originality/value
Employee innovative behavior has become imperative for organizational survival and success in an ever-changing global business environment. Owing to this organizational significance, employee innovative behavior continues to gain burgeoning research attention. Despite the rising scholarly interest in studying employee innovative behavior, there is a dearth of knowledge about how innovation can be fostered at the individual level, particularly among frontline service employees. Hence, to bridge this research gap, the present study intends to analyze the influence of high-performance work practices on employee innovative work behavior, mediated by psychological capital.
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Asma Javed, Qian Li, Sarmad Ejaz, Abdul Basit, Shermeen Hasan, Fodor Zita Júlia and Md Billal Hossain
Due to extensive industrial activities, the manufacturing sector is deteriorating the environment through resource depletion and rising pollution levels which led to a significant…
Abstract
Purpose
Due to extensive industrial activities, the manufacturing sector is deteriorating the environment through resource depletion and rising pollution levels which led to a significant transition toward green supply chain practices (GSCP). Therefore, internal and external GSCP and green training (GT) gaining momentous attention. This study aims to explore the interconnections among the internal and external GSCP, GT, green innovation (GI), pro-environmental behavior (PEB), competitive advantage (CA), green knowledge sharing (GKS), green self-efficacy (GSE), environmental and financial performance (EP) and (FP).
Design/methodology/approach
To check the hypothesized model, researchers used cross-sectional data based on survey questionnaires which were gathered from Pakistani manufacturing firms. The theoretical framework was validated through the utilization of partial least square structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings suggest that internal and external GSCP and GT are correlated with GI, PEB, CA, EP and FP. Additionally, this study discovers that PEB and GI act as intermediaries among internal and external GSCP, GT and CA. GKS positively moderates the connection among internal and external GSCP, and GT, GI, and PEB. Similarly, GSE also serves as a moderator among between PEB and GI.
Research limitations/implications
This study is a significant contribution to the literature by studying potential mediators and moderators that improve the association among outlined constructs. Moreover, findings suggest that firms should adopt an integrated and holistic green approach to combat environmental deterioration, maintain environmental integrity and attain sustainable development.
Originality/value
There is a scarcity of studies concerning the holistic framework of interrelated constructs studied in this research and it is the pioneer research to offer insights with an innovative model and empirical evidence.