Muhammad Adeel Ashraf and Ahcene Lahsasna
Customers of Islamic banking industry continue to be skeptical on Sharīʿah compliance of Islamic banks despite receiving fatwa from the competent authorities. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
Customers of Islamic banking industry continue to be skeptical on Sharīʿah compliance of Islamic banks despite receiving fatwa from the competent authorities. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the Sharīʿah risk taken by Islamic banks, so that customers are better informed on the level of Sharīʿah compliance that will help in removing the persistent level of skepticism toward Sharīʿah compliance.
Design/methodology/approach
This research has used the scorecard based modeling approach to build the Sharīʿah risk rating model, which consists of 14 factors that capture Sharīʿah risk and are grouped in 5 major areas revolving around regulatory support, quality of Sharīʿah supervision, business structure, product mix and treatment of capital adequacy ratio. The score calculated by applying the model is grouped into 4 tiers reflecting the level Sharīʿah compliance at bank as non-compliant, weak compliance, satisfactory compliance and high level of Sharīʿah compliance. Three case studies were conducted by applying the model to Islamic banks from Malaysia, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.
Findings
The final Sharīʿah risk scores calculated by the model clearly differentiate the 3 banks on basis of their Sharīʿah risk. The underlying scores also highlighted the areas where banks need to improve to reduce their Sharīʿah risk.
Originality/value
This model can be applied by customers of Islamic banks who are interested in understanding Sharīʿah-related aspects of Islamic banking industry. This model can be applied on standalone basis or as an extension to the conventional counter party risk rating models. This model can benefit management of Islamic banks toward allocation of capital against Sharīʿah risk under Basel III, and regulators can apply the model to measure industry wide risk of Sharīʿah non-compliance.
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Sardar Kashif Ashraf Khan, Jonathan Loo, Aboubaker Lasebae, Muhammad Awais Azam, Muhammad Adeel, Rehana Kausar and Humaira Sardar
This paper aims to propose an algorithm, location-aware opportunistic content forwarding (LOC), to improve message directivity using direction vectors in opportunistic networks…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose an algorithm, location-aware opportunistic content forwarding (LOC), to improve message directivity using direction vectors in opportunistic networks. The LOC is based on the assumption that if approximate location of the destination node is known, then overall message delivery and cost can be improved. Efficient message delivery with low communication cost is a major challenge in current opportunistic networks. In these networks, nodes do not have prior knowledge of their recipients, and message forwarding can be achieved by selecting suitable forwarder based on some forwarding criteria, as compared to its ancestor mobile ad hoc networks.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors tested LOC in two sets of mobility models, synthetic movement model and real mobility data sets. In the first set, working day movement is used as synthetic movement model, where proposed algorithm is compared against Lobby Influence (LI) and Epidemic algorithms. In the second set of experiments, the new algorithm is tested in three mobility data sets, namely, Cambridge, Reality and Sassy, and results compared against LI algorithm. The reason of using various movement models is to establish strengths and weaknesses of the proposed algorithm in different scenarios.
Findings
The experimental results show that the new algorithm performed extremely well in different scenarios, not only in terms of overall message delivery but also successfully managed to reduce the communication cost.
Originality/value
The new contribution increases the overall energy and storage efficiency of nodes by targeting relevant forwarding nodes in the network.
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Adeel Tariq, Sadaf Ehsan, Yuosre F. Badir, Mumtaz Ali Memon and Muhammad Saleem Ullah Khan Sumbal
Over the last two decades, corporations have increasingly adopted green innovation to lessen the unsuitable impact on the environment and gain competitive advantage at the same…
Abstract
Purpose
Over the last two decades, corporations have increasingly adopted green innovation to lessen the unsuitable impact on the environment and gain competitive advantage at the same time. However, researchers have paid more attention to green product innovation and the firm's financial risk (FFR) relationship than green process innovation. Such neglect of green process innovation has failed to produce an elusive understanding of green process innovation and FFR relationship, and this relationship is necessary to understand for the ongoing debate on “does it pay to be green?” Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between green process innovation performance (GPRIP) and FFR, and it also examines the moderating role of slack resources and competitive intensity in facilitating this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected 202 publicly listed Thai manufacturing firms' data using questionnaire survey and firms' financial statements, and this research employed hierarchical moderating regression analyses to test hypotheses.
Findings
Results demonstrate that GPRIP negatively influences the FFR. Competitive intensity reinforces the negative relationship between GPRIP and FFR, whereas organizational slack has an unfavorable moderating effect, i.e. firms with ample organizational slack are less likely to reduce their financial risk from higher GPRIP.
Originality/value
The research model contributes to an ongoing debate on “does it pay to be green?” by providing a thorough understanding of GPRIP and FFR relationship, as to the authors' best knowledge, no work to date has examined this relationship. This research also sets out the boundary conditions of the GRPIP and FFR relationship and highlights the critical role of firm-specific condition, i.e. slack resource and market condition, i.e. competitive intensity to reap higher financial benefits from GPRIP.
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Zuria Akmal Saad, Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi, Laili Zulkepeli, Taofeeq Durojaye Moshood and Suhaidah Hussain
The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the concept of green human resources management (GHRM) within the context of higher education institutions…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the concept of green human resources management (GHRM) within the context of higher education institutions (HEIs). The GHRM concept has emerged from the broader environmental management concept in the last decade. Its adoption has diffused in many sectors, particularly manufacturing, but empirical studies in HEIs are lacking. HEIs, as the epitome of knowledge creation and dissemination, should lead the GHRM initiative as an example to the corporate world and the public.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach applied is based on the systematic literature review approach to draw inferences, analyze and summarize past studies based on the PRISMA method. Several research streams were identified: (1) academic and non-academic GHRM, (2) theoretical foundation, (3) qualitative and quantitative studies, and (4) green training and development.
Findings
This review discovered that GHRM implementation in HEIs leads to better sustainability efforts within academic institutions. It is relevant to stakeholders, policymakers, and HEIs’ top management to strategize in making the academic institution the torchbearer of sustainable practice and a role model for other sectors and communities.
Practical implications
This study provides implications towards the application of GHRM in HEIs to elevate academic institutions as the torchbearers for sustainability development. The implicit findings based on the research streams produced can benefit future studies in HEIs to adopt best practices in green activities, particularly GHRM. The implication of GHRM in HEIs would impart individual green, cautious, and sustainability practices holistically and comprehensively, improving behavior towards overall higher education activities involving academics, students, administrative staff, and the overall community ecosystem.
Originality/value
This study makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by systematically elucidating the role of GHRM in HEIs, providing insights for academics and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable practices.
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Adeel Nasir, Umar Farooq and Ashraf Khan
The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive review of key influential aspects and conceptual structure of Takaful literature.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive review of key influential aspects and conceptual structure of Takaful literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors review 149 journal articles using bibliometric citation analysis, co-word analysis and citation histograms. However, the authors have introduced a new index of keywords for co-word analysis.
Findings
The results purpose four research clusters of Takaful literature. The first theme compared Takaful with conventional insurance from various perspectives. Second theme explored the business model and sharia-compliant issues. Third theme applied the marketing concepts and examined the customer behaviour such as commitment, loyalty, satisfaction or awareness. Fourth theme examined risk management, investment and corporate governance issues. This research also identified the structure of variables studied in each theme.
Originality/value
This paper follows a very novel and trending bibliometric approach and explores what has been published, encompassing all aspects of Takaful literature. This study also presents 22 future research directions which are either missing or less researched in Takaful literature.
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Shabir Hyder, Muhammad Imran Malik, Saddam Hussain and Adeel Saqib
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among hotel employees’ creative self-efficacy, co-creation and new service development moderated by collective efficacy in…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to examine the relationships among hotel employees’ creative self-efficacy, co-creation and new service development moderated by collective efficacy in the context of social exchange theory (SET).
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected by using questionnaire from the frontline employees working in hotels in Pakistan. A total of 220 employees participated in the survey. Structural equation modeling has been used.
Findings
Results show that employees’ creative self-efficacy enhances co-creation and helps in new services development. Moreover, collective efficacy moderates the relationship between individual employees’ creative self-efficacy and co-creation.
Practical implications
Hotel managers should focus on building employees' self-efficacy beliefs to enhance their motivation and performance in new service development. Moreover, they should establish platforms for co-creation with customers, involving them in idea generation, feedback and testing, to ensure new services meet customer needs and increase their adoption.
Originality/value
Earlier literature has examined the co-creation and new service development from various perspectives, largely ignoring the social exchange theory. This is the pioneering study that examines these relationships through the lens of social exchange theory. Moreover, most of the literature has analyzed the co-creation separately, i.e. either employees’ co-creation or customers’ co-creation. To understand the phenomenon of co-creation in depth it is believed that co-creation should be analyzed from both these aspects. Therefore, this study examined this phenomenon by including employees’ as well as customers’ co-creation for better understanding. Moreover, the group influence is examined in explaining the new service development through collective efficacy. Therefore, this study is unique in explaining the co-creation and new service development from various angles.
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Muhammad Ashraf, Jamil Ahmad, Wareesa Sharif, Arslan Ali Raza, Muhammad Salman Shabbir, Mazhar Abbas and Ramayah Thurasamy
This study examines the role of continuous trust (i.e., a trust that develops over time as a result of continuous usage interactions) in determining customers' intention to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the role of continuous trust (i.e., a trust that develops over time as a result of continuous usage interactions) in determining customers' intention to continue using online product recommendations (OPRs).
Design/methodology/approach
Based on information system (IS), continuance model, and continuous trust, we propose that continuous trust will influence customers’ intention to continue OPRs’ use directly and indirectly via their satisfaction and usefulness of the OPRs. The research model is tested using data collected via an online survey from 626 existing users of OPRs in 15 different countries.
Findings
The empirical results revealed that continuous trust is shown to be a significant predictor of customers’ intention to continue OPRs use for future purchases. Additionally, the customers’ perceived confirmation and continuous trust positively influence their perceived usefulness and satisfaction with the OPRs, which subsequently influence customers’ OPRs continuous usage intention.
Research limitations/implications
The saliency of continuous trust and usefulness of OPRs present e-retailers with potential fruitful areas to shape future usage of OPRs. In addition, e-retailers must understand that improving the OPR usefulness on its own may not lead to OPRs continuous usage until OPRs trustworthiness is not continually improved. OPRs itself may be convenient and useful, but trustworthy OPRs will pay stronger dividends for customer satisfaction and OPRs’ continuous usage.
Originality/value
The incorporation of continuous trust into the IS continuance model offers a new theoretical lens and an alternative explanation for the OPR continuous usage intention. This study stands in contrast to the large majority of research concerning initial trust and OPRs adoption, in that it focuses on continuous trust (as opposed to initial trust) and on a customers’ OPRs continuous usage intention as opposed to the initial adoption decision.
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Md. Raijul Islam, Rois Uddin Mahmud, M. Abdul Jalil and Muhammad Nurul Huda
The purpose of this study was to assess the repercussions of eucalyptus bark and tea leaf extract as natural dyes and antibacterial agents for jute–cotton union fabric.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the repercussions of eucalyptus bark and tea leaf extract as natural dyes and antibacterial agents for jute–cotton union fabric.
Design/methodology/approach
The dye was collected from the eucalyptus tree’s bark and tea leaves by the aqueous extraction method. The fabric was dyed with potassium alum mordant, using pre-mordanting, post-mordanting and meta-mordanting methods. Examine the color performance analyzed the K/S, L*, a*, b*; fastness to washing using standard test method ISO 105 C06 A2S, rubbing fastness was performed by Crock meter using AATCC 115. The dyed fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared radiation for the existence of various functional groups. Also, antimicrobial activity testing was done by the agar diffusion method (AATCC method SN 195 920) where Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used.
Findings
The extracted dye tea leaves meta-mordant dyed samples were determined to have the strongest relative color. Fabrics pre-mordanted and post-mordanted with extracted eucalyptus and extracted tea dye produced the same outcome, which was excellent for wash fastness to staining and very good for wash fastness to fading. For both eucalyptus bark and tea, rubbing fastness on the pre-mordanted fabric produced very positive results. In mordanted colored fabric, significant antibacterial activity was discovered against S. aureus and E. coli.
Originality/value
This study demonstrates that the eucalyptus bark and tea leaves extract encompasses a solid antimicrobial action with amazing coloring execution for jute–cotton union fabric.
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Ejaz Aslam, Muhammad Saleem Ashraf, Anam Iqbal and Malik Shahzad Shabbir
This study aims to examine the mediating and moderating roles of cognitive trust and organizational culture in the relationship between leadership and employee task performance…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the mediating and moderating roles of cognitive trust and organizational culture in the relationship between leadership and employee task performance and turnover intention.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 543 employees through a survey from the Islamic banking sector in Pakistan. Structural equation modelling (partial least squares) was used to estimate the effect.
Findings
The results demonstrate that cognitive trust plays a positive and significant mediating role between leadership and task performance (O = 0.064, T = 2.005, p = 0.028). Moreover, there is a negative relationship between leadership and employee turnover intention with the mediation of cognitive trust (O = −0.061, T = 1.976, p = 0.021). In addition, organizational culture plays a significant moderating role between cognitive trust and employee task performance (O = 0.014, T = 2.141, p = 0.038).
Research limitations/implications
The results emphasize the critical role of organizational culture and cognitive trust in amplifying or reducing the impact of leadership on employee attitudes. This offers managers and leaders practical insights to boost employee performance and reduce turnover.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is unique in that it seeks to advance understanding of social exchange theory management by examining the moderated-mediation frameworks in the interaction between leadership and specific aspects of employee attitudes.