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Article
Publication date: 29 November 2018

Paul Cozens and Mu Yao Sun

Crime and fear of crime in and around the university campus can affect enrolments and retention rates as well as compromising the safety, security and well-being of students and…

2888

Abstract

Purpose

Crime and fear of crime in and around the university campus can affect enrolments and retention rates as well as compromising the safety, security and well-being of students and staff. The purpose of this paper is to explore user perceptions of personal safety using the “Prospect and Refuge Model” and crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a fear of crime survey of 88 students at a university in Western Australia. The respondents were asked to identify on a map, three locations perceived to be “safe” and three locations perceived to be “unsafe”. The six most commonly identified sites were then visually audited to measure the levels of “prospect” and “refuge” and CPTED features at each location.

Findings

The findings indicate the top three “fear spots” were associated with low levels of “prospect” and high levels of “refuge” – and generally, with poor opportunities for natural surveillance and CPTED qualities. The top three “safe spots” had consistently higher levels of “prospect” and lower levels of “refuge” in the site audits and responses to the surveys. Increased opportunities for surveillance were therefore associated with increased levels of personal safety.

Research limitations/implications

The survey is relatively small (88) and a larger study is certainly required to underpin these findings. The methodology is transferable to other universities and facilities seeking to manage crime and fear of crime. The research develops more finely nuanced measures for the concepts of prospect and refuge.

Practical implications

Interestingly, surveillance opportunities and perceptions of personal safety were perceived to be mediated by distance from buildings and by the construction of new buildings and infrastructure being carried out across the campus. This has implications for the construction of new universities and for those which are expanding. Recommendations are provided for new and existing universities and for those undergoing redevelopment.

Social implications

Improving students’ perception of personal safety can enhance their performance and retention at university.

Originality/value

No studies have investigated the campus design and layout and students’ perceptions of personal safety in Australia in this way. The approach is more “bottom-up” by first exploring users’ perceptions of “unsafe” locations, then assessing these sites in terms of the presence or absence of measures for CPTED and prospect-refuge.

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1994

Yao Mu, Pan Xunqi and Lu Mingzhe

Studies the measurement and objective evaluation method of fabric lustre. Selects seven parameters at a two‐dimensional distribution curve of reflected light under natural light…

299

Abstract

Studies the measurement and objective evaluation method of fabric lustre. Selects seven parameters at a two‐dimensional distribution curve of reflected light under natural light and polarized light and refines from them four independent variations by the method of main composition analysis. Using regression analysis with the results of subjective evaluation, finds that fabric lustre has distinct regional distribution on the figures of M1 and M2, so it can be used as a general test method.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 6 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 1994

Shi Meiwu, Lai Kan, Yao Mu and Zhang Yan

The theoretical analysis indicates that the main factors of cover‐shelter properties of fabrics are cover factor of fabrics, fabric thickness, optical reflectance and absorbance…

223

Abstract

The theoretical analysis indicates that the main factors of cover‐shelter properties of fabrics are cover factor of fabrics, fabric thickness, optical reflectance and absorbance of yarn. With a combination of distances and luminances, 512 experiments have been made to find out the relationship between the least distinguishable distance and reflectance coefficient.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 6 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2003

Xia Dong, Jianchun Zhang, Yan Zhang and Mu Yao

On the basis of Viscoelasticity Theory of textile materials, the Maxwell's Model, Kalvin Paunting Model and Burger's model were analyzed in the paper. The regression equation of…

836

Abstract

On the basis of Viscoelasticity Theory of textile materials, the Maxwell's Model, Kalvin Paunting Model and Burger's model were analyzed in the paper. The regression equation of the strain relaxation curve was established and the experiments verify that the crease recovery angle can be predicted by the regression equation of Burger's model. The relaxation behavior of crease recovery angle varying with time was according to the creep‐relaxation equation.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2000

Xiaohong Wang and Mu Yao

Traditionally, the grade of fabric’s crease recovery with twisting is decided by comparing the processed sample fabric with standard sample photograph under some conditions. This…

275

Abstract

Traditionally, the grade of fabric’s crease recovery with twisting is decided by comparing the processed sample fabric with standard sample photograph under some conditions. This method is completely reliant on subjective appraisal, so it is easy to lead to some subjective error and affect the conclusion. In this paper, we use image processing and texture analysis technique to calculate a few of the parameters which describe the fabric’s crease recovery properties. At the same time, we use the Fuzzy priority similarity comparison method to assess the fabric’s crease recovery properties synthetically.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 12 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 6 December 2017

Ningzi Li and Qi Song

The goal of this chapter is to respond to the theoretical inquiries by scholars who are interested in how the public–private partnership (PPP) models adapt to China’s context…

Abstract

The goal of this chapter is to respond to the theoretical inquiries by scholars who are interested in how the public–private partnership (PPP) models adapt to China’s context where political power dictates economic strategies. We also want to provide suggestions to policy designers who aim to promote a sustainable investment environment for domestic and international investors. We review the literature that explains the upside and downside of PPP projects in contemporary China. (1) We classify the trajectory of PPP evolution into four phases, i.e., emergence, growth, recession and revival. (2) We note that private companies take a disadvantageous position in the partnership compared with governments and state-owned enterprises because of a lack of specialized legislation, unequal competition between private companies and state-owned enterprises and the opposition from the civic society. (3) We identify political risks as the most influential risks. Political risks also lead to the misallocation of other risks between public and private parties that contributes to the high failure rate of China’s PPP projects. Based on these findings, we recommend governments to draft specialized legislation, stabilize the political environment and provide favourable subsidies to local governments to limit the risks involved in PPP projects. We also advise private enterprises and state-owned enterprises to focus on negotiating over task and risk division with governments when they make decisions to participate in PPP projects. This full review of studies on PPP development in China provides reliable recommendations to scholars, governments and enterprises.

Details

The Emerald Handbook of Public–Private Partnerships in Developing and Emerging Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-494-1

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 October 2004

170

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 11 April 2008

Mu‐Lan Hsu and Kuan‐Yao Chiu

The purpose of this paper is to determine the value of I‐Ching (also called Book of Changes), the ancient Chinese book of wisdom, which has been used for thousands of years to…

2956

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the value of I‐Ching (also called Book of Changes), the ancient Chinese book of wisdom, which has been used for thousands of years to help people make decisions in daily life. Recently, eastern and western scholars have begun discussing how to apply the wisdom of I‐Ching to the field of business administration, particularly decision‐making practices.

Design/methodology/approach

A content analysis method was adopted to uncover possible modern management decision‐making constructs. The single words approach did not find frequently appearing words that integrated decision‐making constructs in the context of I‐Ching. Further uncovering I‐Ching's administrative decision‐making approach, the managerial decision‐making model of I‐Ching is explained, including the premises, the decision contingencies, and the decision process.

Findings

By using an academic comparative analysis method, as it applies to managerial decision making, I‐Ching's early management decision‐making model is subsequently compared with western management decision models, which include rational decision making, bounded‐rationality decision making, intuitive decision making, implicit favorite decision making, and garbage‐can decision making.

Research limitations/implications

The majority of scholars that study I‐Ching focus on “practice divination” research, paying attention to the interpretation or critique of the text only. Unfortunately, related literature based upon a social science research foundation is limited.

Originality/value

The value of I‐Ching was determined to lie in allowing flexibility in the decision‐making process.

Details

Chinese Management Studies, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-614X

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2005

Victor Wong and Sammy Chiu

This article discusses the reasons and discourses adopted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Hong Kong SAR Government), with Mr Tung Chee Hwa as the Chief…

569

Abstract

This article discusses the reasons and discourses adopted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (Hong Kong SAR Government), with Mr Tung Chee Hwa as the Chief Executive, in preparing young people to become more mature and responsible. In the Hong Kong context this means they should be willing to fulfil community obligations and opt for consultation rather than confrontation should individual or community rights be sought. Confucianism, named after Confucius (551‐479 BCE), has been and still is a vast and complicated system of philosophies, morals, rituals, and ideas, which for well over 2,000 years has informed and inspired the thinking and practice of countless people in Chinese societies and Asian countries in all important areas, including the economy and the polity (Tu, 1998a; Berthrong & Berthrong, 2000; Yao, 2002). Put simply, the goal of Confucian life is to create a peaceful world, with its ethical emphasis placed on the cultivation of the self and the promotion of harmonious and respectful relations with other people in different spheres of human activities.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 25 no. 10/11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Book part
Publication date: 5 November 2021

Wendy Y. Chen, Cheng Wang and Jiali Jin

Even though following the laws of nature to construct harmonious nature–human interactions has long been one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history, nature-based…

Abstract

Even though following the laws of nature to construct harmonious nature–human interactions has long been one of the most influential philosophies in Chinese history, nature-based solutions (NBS), an innovative concept referring to the sustainable utilization of nature in solving various social and environmental challenges facing contemporary societies, can hardly be found in research papers and practices in Chinese context until very recently. Yet, some NBS features, and also NBS thinking, have already been successfully embedded within many environmental management decisions and practices, which are commonly characterized by (1) prioritization of nature preservation/restoration to economic activities and (2) functionalization of nature as a countermeasure to environmental and/or social issues. This chapter will present a comprehensive overview of the Beijing Afforestation Scheme, an exemplar case of NBS in the Chinese context. Starting from a description of Beijing and this massive afforestation project, it delineates major characteristics of this NBS, signified by (1) a shift from outcome-driven to integrated ecological resilience, (2) a change from recreating tree rows to restoring natural boreal forest, and (3) an evolution from top-down to adaptive and inclusive governance. Lastly, lessons learnt and future challenges are discussed.

Details

Nature-Based Solutions for More Sustainable Cities – A Framework Approach for Planning and Evaluation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-637-4

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