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The purpose of this paper is to present the more accurate estimation of aero-heating for the ablative 3-D noses by using the viscous shock layers and similarity of viscous boundary layer methods.

The combination of viscous shock layer, similarity of viscous boundary layer (SVBL) methods, Park ablation and Baldwin–Lomax turbulent models is presented in this paper. The proposed method reduces computational memory and run time as compared to the time marching algorithms during flight trajectory. Therefore, the space marching algorithm and finite difference method is used, and the governing equations are transferred into curvature coordinate by using the mapping terms.

The solving for an ogive nose during flight trajectory shows that the convergence of this technique is fast as compared to the user defined function based on the fluent solvers, program to axisymmetric regular geometry code and other research. The results of this research are validated by the mentioned research studies. The relative error for the aero-heating, species concentration of the shock layer gas mixture because of dissociation/ionization of air and surface ablation results is less than 6, 5 and 11 per cent, respectively.

The required time for an aerodynamic design of hypersonic noses reduces as the induced aero-heating is one of the principal design parameters in standpoint aerodynamic, structural and other terms. The magnitude of this parameter, surface temperature and surface recess because of ablation should be corrected during flight trajectory.

The results of this research are applicable for aerospace industries.

The originality of this paper is 90 per cent.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the advantage of a combinatory methodology presented in this study. The paper suggests that the comparison with results of previously developed methods is in high agreement.

This paper introduces a combined compromise decision-making algorithm with the aid of some aggregation strategies. The authors have considered a distance measure, which originates from grey relational coefficient and targets to enhance the flexibility of the results. Hence, the weight of the alternatives is placed in the decision-making process with three equations. In the final stage, an aggregated multiplication rule is employed to release the ranking of the alternatives and end the decision process.

The authors described a real case of choosing logistics and transportation companies in France from a supply chain project. Some comparisons such as sensitivity analysis approach and comparing to other studies and methods provided to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

The algorithm has a unique structure among MCDM methods which is presented for the first time in this paper.

This research aims to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as the relationship between these features and customer satisfaction by confirming the moderating role of competitive intensity.

The study is conceptual and exploratory in nature, drawing on current literature and real-time experience with conceptual framework development. The information was gathered by the face-to-face survey conducted with a sample of products, specialists and customers of the Iranian food industry. A total of 19 Kalleh products and 17 industry experts were selected to identify intrinsic and extrinsic product attributes as well as competition intensity for every product. For investigating the relationship between product attributes and customer satisfaction, 342 customers' viewpoints were received and analyzed.

The results show that the nature of competition moderates the effects of interaction between product attributes and customer satisfaction. The major findings of this research include (1) when competitive intensity is low, appropriate focus on intrinsic attributes can create better customer satisfaction; (2) When a competitive level is low, better focus on appropriate external attributes can lead to customer satisfaction; and (3) When competitive intensity is high, offering proper external attributes would lead to customer satisfaction if intrinsic attributes are already offered with high quality; (4) When competitive intensity is high and a firm is focusing more on intrinsic attributes, the lack of proper intrinsic attributes can negatively affect repurchase intentions.

The findings of this study can be used as a reference for food companies developing new products in various competitive environments and making the decision whether to focus on intrinsic or extrinsic attributes.