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This research examines the effect of external, organizational and individual variables on the rate of adoption of new technologies in the financial sector in Ecuador. Results suggest that size, functional differentiation, and formalization are the best predictors of adoption of innovations. Additionally, competition is significantly related to adoption.

Universities play a key role in the production and transfer of knowledge. The purpose of this research is to describe practices of knowledge management at UNAM in response to COVID-19. A qualitative methodology is used. Through documentary research, information was collected to present four descriptive case studies to identify elements that characterise a knowledge-intensive organisation through the value chain model. This chapter begins with a review of the literature on the creation and transfer of knowledge from universities to society in the context of COVID-19. The knowledge value chain concept is integrated in order to model elements related to both infrastructure and processes that have allowed for continuity in the development of knowledge production and transfer activities. These results contribute to the modelling of management practices to create value in organisations.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a combination of forecasting methods that enables a holistic understanding of a future situation, given certain influencing variables by a combination of real data and expert knowledge.

The proposal combines two well-known methods: first, system archetypes that correspond to generic structures, allowing us to handle model management issues, and second, system dynamics that offers technical support on a computational level to assess different scenarios or problem solutions.

The case study considers the situation of the mining industry in Chile and its related variables, including four different scenarios. Based on the proposed methodology, the results indicate that: first, the price of copper is paramount for the industry and its effects are not limited to company profits; second, a long period of downfall in copper prices could halt exploration and development projects.

Systemic archetypes are still a subject of research and their application in different fields of knowledge continues to increase to improve this simulation approach.

The case study illustrates the combination of a Vester matrix and initial system archetype models that are enriched using the system dynamics approach. Indeed, the case study aims to understand the consequences of different scenarios based on the problem-driven approach provided by Vester.

The goal of prospective studies of large-scale and complex situations is to model the real situation to obtain solutions that may enhance social welfare.

The proposed methodology contributes to the existing literature by integrating techniques such as the Vester matrix, system archetype modelling and system dynamics simulation, all of which were proposed previously in the literature as independent techniques.

Este artículo propone una combinación de métodos de pronósticos que permite una comprensión holística de una situación futura, dadas ciertas variables de influencia mediante una combinación de datos reales y conocimiento de expertos.

La propuesta combina dos métodos conocidos: (i) arquetipos de sistemas que corresponden a estructuras genéricas, lo que nos permite manejar los modelos, y (ii) la dinámica de sistemas que ofrece soporte técnico a nivel computacional para evaluar diferentes escenarios o soluciones de problemas.

El caso de estudio considera la situación de la industria minera en Chile y sus variables relacionadas, incluidos cuatro escenarios diferentes. Según la metodología propuesta, los resultados indican que i) el precio del cobre es primordial para la industria y sus efectos no se limitan a las ganancias de la empresa; ii) un largo período de caída en los precios del cobre podría detener los proyectos de exploración y desarrollo.

Los arquetipos sistémicos siguen siendo un tema de investigación y su aplicación en diferentes campos del conocimiento continúa aumentando para mejorar este enfoque de simulación.

El estudio de caso ilustra la combinación de una matriz de Vester y los modelos de arquetipos del sistema inicial que se enriquecen utilizando el enfoque de dinámica de sistemas. De hecho, el caso de estudio apunta a comprender las consecuencias de diferentes escenarios basados en el enfoque orientado a los problemas proporcionado por Vester.

El objetivo de los estudios prospectivos para situaciones de gran escala y complejas es modelar la situación real para obtener soluciones que puedan mejorar el bienestar social.

La metodología propuesta contribuye a la literatura existente mediante la integración de técnicas como la matriz de Vester, el modelado de arquetipos del sistema y la simulación de dinámica de sistemas, todo lo cual se propuso anteriormente en la literatura como técnicas independientes.

Advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR) is a pressure tube type of heavy water reactor. It eliminates high-pressure heavy water coolant resulting in a reduction of heavy water leakage losses and eliminating heavy water recovery system. It recovers the heat generated in the moderator for feed water heating. However, it requires a satisfactory technological response to develop an effective controller that attains the challenges of the very high-level safety system. Hence, they require application-specific improvement for better controlling performance.

The purpose of this study intends to propose a system for controlling state vectors v₁ and v₂and in AHWR using Grey Wolf second-order sliding mode control (GW-SoSMC) technique. The main aim of the paper is to minimize the errors between the predicted and desired azimuthal angles of the system. With this proposed method, it is possible to mitigate both the chattering phenomenon and controlling performance of AHWR system. It implements a SoSMC controller based on GWO algorithm for the purpose of controlling the state vectors in the AHWR system. It aims to accomplish a controller for improving the performance of the AHWR system.

Through the performance analysis, the efficiency of the proposed GW-SoSMC technique was verified by comparing it with various conventional algorithms, such as GW-SMC, FF-SoSMC, ABC-SoSMC, GS-SoSMC and GA-SoSMC. From the analysis, it was obtained that the implemented GW-SoSMC technique was 65.3 per cent superior to GW-SMC, 65.32 per cent superior to both FF-SoSMC and 65 per cent superior to ABC-SoSMC, 65.8 per cent superior to the GS-SoSMC and 58 per cent superior to the GA-SoSMC methods. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method in controlling the state vectors in AHWR was obtained.

This paper presents a technique for controlling the state vectors in the AHWR system using GWO algorithm. This is the first work that uses GWO-based optimization for controlling state vectors in the AHWR system.