EDMC represents extended dynamic matrix control, which can be applied to nonlinear process control. In this method, control inputs are determined based on a linear model that…
Abstract
EDMC represents extended dynamic matrix control, which can be applied to nonlinear process control. In this method, control inputs are determined based on a linear model that approximates the process and is updated during each sampling interval. Since nonlinear relation still exists between the prediction error and the control input, numerical (iterative) methods are used to solve the optimization problem defined in the method. For nonlinear processes with high variation and/or sign changes in their steady‐state gain, iterative methods do not converge properly to an acceptable solution for some desired outputs or external disturbances. To eliminate the problem, we augment the process with its steady‐state gain inverse (or pseudo inverse whenever required) such that the steady‐state gain for the new augmented system is constant or contains slow variations. In the case of unstable processes, the method may be applied after stabilizing the process using a proper state or output feedback. Effectiveness of the method has been examined using computer simulations of some benchmark processes. Some of the obtained results are presented in this paper.
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Abdullah Al Mamun, Mohd Asrul Hery Bin Ibrahim, Rajennd Muniady, Mohammad Bin Ismail, Noorshella Binti Che Nawi and Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir
The purpose of this paper is to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia, many products and services are available, including access to working…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia, many products and services are available, including access to working capital and enterprise development training programs. This study examined the impact of access to working capital and micro-enterprise development training programs on household income and economic vulnerability among participants of development initiatives in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) in Peninsular Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a cross-sectional design, the authors collected data randomly from the selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) located in four states of Peninsular Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews with the respondents from October to November 2017.
Findings
Both the length of participation and total amount of economic loan were found to increase the household income. However, there was no positive and significant impact of total number of training hours on household income. Interestingly, length of participation was found to reduce the level of economic vulnerability, except total amount of economic loan, and total number of training hours.
Originality/value
Despite the overwhelming empirical evidence, the findings indicated that the impact of enterprise development training programs was inconclusive. The effect of total amount of loan on economic vulnerability was also inconclusive. Hence, both policy makers and development organizations should understand how their programs benefit the poor households that can be improved through new implementation strategies.
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Dodik Siswantoro, Haula Rosdiana and Heri Fathurahman
The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the accountability of the cash waqf institution in Indonesia, including the logic which may refer to the accountability objective.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the accountability of the cash waqf institution in Indonesia, including the logic which may refer to the accountability objective.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employs the qualitative method with a constructivist paradigm. Four different characteristics of cash waqf institutions in Indonesia serve as the object of this research with other related respondents, such as the government and Islamic banks. These multiple case studies may represent the characteristics of cash waqf institutions.
Findings
The result shows that the cash waqf institution in Indonesia has unique and different logical characteristics, which is neither unitary nor pluralist.
Originality/value
This may be the first research which discusses the accountability-based logic for cash waqf institutions in Indonesia. These institutions apply Islamic teaching (Shariah) and must generate big income for social activities. Conditions in other countries may be similar since as waqf institutions have common concepts in general.
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Fatemeh Khozaei Ravari, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir and Mohsen Mohammad Taheri
The study's main objective is to evaluate the morphological developments in the characteristics of the spatial configurations of the residential layouts in Kerman, Iran, in…
Abstract
Purpose
The study's main objective is to evaluate the morphological developments in the characteristics of the spatial configurations of the residential layouts in Kerman, Iran, in examining the impact on the level of visual privacy through the spectrum of permeability and wayfinding in space syntax analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, plan graph analysis is used to measure the syntactic properties of seven topological residential architecture plans in Kerman, Iran, built from the 1970s to 2010s. The methodology involves the development of mathematical measurements to signify permeability and simulation of visibility graph analysis (VGA) to indicate wayfinding.
Findings
The findings reveal the residential layouts of Iranian houses tend to be less integrated over decades of design development from the 1970s to 2010s. Reduction in spatial integration corresponds to increase segregation allowing for enhanced visual privacy. The study underpins that, even with the constraints in the scale of the house and reduction in the number of nodes, as evident in the design of the modern residential layout, the efficient level of visual privacy is still achievable with regards to the standards demanded by the local culture.
Originality/value
The study examines the development in residential spatial configuration and building scale on visual privacy through a proposed methodology based on the level of permeability and wayfinding measured as a combined effect using the space syntax analysis and visual accessibility.
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Maryam Khashij, Mohammad Hossein Salmani, Arash Dalvand, Hossien Fallahzadeh, Fatemeh Haghirosadat and Mehdi Mokhtari
This paper aims to investigation of processes for Pb2+ elimination from water/wastewater as a significant public health issue in many parts of world. The removal of Pb2+ ions by…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigation of processes for Pb2+ elimination from water/wastewater as a significant public health issue in many parts of world. The removal of Pb2+ ions by various nanocomposites has been explained from water/wastewaters. ZnO-based nanocomposites, as eco-friendly nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties, have received increased attention to remove Pb2+ ions from water/wastewaters.
Design/methodology/approach
In this review, different ZnO-based nanocomposites were reviewed for their application in the removal of Pb2+ ions from the aqueous solution, typically for wastewater treatment using methodology, such as adsorption. This review focused on the ZnO-based nanocomposites for removing Pb2+ ions from water and wastewaters systems.
Findings
The ZnO-based nanocomposite was prepared by different methods, such as electrospinning, hydrothermal/alkali hydrothermal, direct precipitation and polymerization. Depending on the preparation method, various types of ZnO-based nanocomposites like ZnO-metal (Cu/ZnO, ZnO/ZnS, ZnO/Fe), ZnO-nonmetal (PVA/ZnO, Talc/ZnO) and ZnO-metal/nonmetal (ZnO/Na-Y zeolite) were obtained with different morphologies. The effects of operational parameters and adsorption mechanisms were discussed in the review.
Research limitations/implications
The findings may be greatly useful in the application of the ZnO-based nanocomposite in the fields of organic and inorganic pollutants adsorption.
Practical implications
The present study is novel, because it investigated the morphological and structural properties of the synthesized ZnO-based nanocomposite using different methods and studied the capability of green-synthesized ZnO-based nanocomposite to remove Pb2+ ions as water contaminants.
Social implications
The current review can be used for the development of environmental pollution control measures.
Originality/value
This paper reviews the rapidly developing field of nanocomposite technology.
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Hery Sonawan, Evi Sofia and Arief Ramadhan
The paper aims to apply Buckingham Pi dimensional analysis method for assessing direct evaporative cooler performance with a cooling pad made of banana midrib and ramie fiber. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to apply Buckingham Pi dimensional analysis method for assessing direct evaporative cooler performance with a cooling pad made of banana midrib and ramie fiber. The saturation efficiency acted as the indicator performance of the evaporative cooler.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper describes an experimental study of the direct evaporative cooler with a cooling pad made of banana midrib and rami fiber. There were six parameters in the experiment: absorbed water as a dependent variable was affected by independent parameters such as air velocity and temperature, cooling pad cross-section area and thickness. Based on these variables, we arranged three dimensionless numbers and their correlation.
Findings
The paper provides three calculated dimensionless numbers plotted on a curve with a specific correlation. The curve trends for 30 mm and 50 mm pad thickness were almost similar. The range of Reynolds number for 10 mm pad was narrower than other pad thicknesses. The thicker the cooling pad, the more extensive was the calculated Reynolds number range. A new curve exhibited the relationship between the evaporation rate with the μA/t number. The broader cooling pad cross-section, the thinner pad thickness, and the lower pad temperature were factors that increased the evaporation rate, even though the increase was less significant.
Originality/value
A new material in cooling pad from banana midrib fiber was tested and compared to ramie fiber and conventional cooling pad.
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Mohammad Mahdi Ershadi and Hossein Shams Shemirani
Proper planning for the response phase of humanitarian relief can significantly prevent many financial and human losses. To this aim, a multi-objective optimization model is…
Abstract
Purpose
Proper planning for the response phase of humanitarian relief can significantly prevent many financial and human losses. To this aim, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed in this paper that considers different types of injured people, different vehicles with determining capacities and multi-period logistic planning. This model can be updated based on new information about resources and newly identified injured people.
Design/methodology/approach
The main objective function of the proposed model in this paper is minimizing the unsatisfied prioritized injured people in the network. Besides, the total transportation activities of different types of vehicles are considered as another objective function. Therefore, these objectives are optimized hierarchically in the proposed model using the Lexicographic method. This method finds the best value for the first objective function. Then, it tries to optimize transportation activities as the second objective function while maintaining the optimality of the first objective function.
Findings
The performances of the proposed model were analyzed in different cases and its robust approach for different problems was shown within the framework of a case study. Besides, the sensitivity analysis of results shows the logical behavior of the proposed model against various factors.
Practical implications
The proposed methodology can be applied to find the best response plan for all crises.
Originality/value
In this paper, we have tried to use a multi-objective optimization model to guide and correct response programs to deal with the occurred crisis. This is important because it can help emergency managers to improve their plans.
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Arezou Asgharnezhad and Soroush Avakh Darestani
To outsource part of their work, organizations are looking for suppliers who also have green criteria with other criteria. Selecting suppliers begins with the definition of…
Abstract
Purpose
To outsource part of their work, organizations are looking for suppliers who also have green criteria with other criteria. Selecting suppliers begins with the definition of potential suppliers and then selects the best among them. This study aims to present a two-part approach for selecting suppliers consisting of suppliers’ prioritization.
Design/methodology/approach
In the first part, the criteria that influence on selecting the suppliers have been identified and extracted using the literature review and experts’ opinion which consists of 19 criteria. Then, these criteria were evaluated by the content validity ratio index and using experts’ opinions, and finally, 16 criteria were selected for selecting green suppliers in a polyethylene’s products producer company in Iran. In the next step, suppliers are selected in a green supply chain using multi-criteria decision-making methods such as Dempster–Shafer theory and grey relationship analysis, which is a strategic decision.
Findings
This study attempts to improve the level of reliance on the whole uncertain degree by combining Dempster–Shafer theory and grey relational analysis (GRA), which makes the grey analysis method more robust and its results more reliable. The findings show that Supplier 4 is ranked as first within six suppliers.
Originality/value
Using GRA and Dempster–Shafer theory for green supplier selection problem in polyethylene industry is the novelty of this work.
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Ammar I. Alsabery, Ishak Hashim, Ali J. Chamkha, Habibis Saleh and Bilal Chanane
This paper aims to study analytically and numerically the problem of transient natural convection heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity with spatial side-wall temperature…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study analytically and numerically the problem of transient natural convection heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity with spatial side-wall temperature variation.
Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations subject to the initial and boundary conditions are solved numerically by the finite difference scheme consisting of the alternating direction implicit method and the tri-diagonal matrix algorithm. The left sloping wall of the cavity is heated to non-uniform temperature, and the right sloping wall is maintained at a constant cold temperature, while the horizontal walls are kept adiabatic.
Findings
It is shown that the heat transfer rate increases in non-uniform heating increments, whereby low wave number values are more affected by the convection. The best heat transfer enhancement results from larger side wall inclination angle; however, trapezoidal cavities require longer time compared to that of square to reach steady state.
Originality/value
The study of natural convection heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity filled with nanofluid and heated by spatial side-wall temperature has not yet been undertaken. Thus, the authors of the present study believe that this work is valuable.
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Alireza Rahimi, Abbas Kasaeipoor, Emad Hasani Malekshah, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi and Abimanyu Purusothaman
This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional natural convection and entropy generation in a cuboid enclosure filled with CuO-water nanofluid.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional natural convection and entropy generation in a cuboid enclosure filled with CuO-water nanofluid.
Design/methodology/approach
The lattice Boltzmann method is used to solve the problem numerically. Two different multiple relaxation time (MRT) models are used to solve the problem. The D3Q7–MRT model is used to solve the temperature field, and the D3Q19 is used to solve the fluid flow of natural convection within the enclosure.
Findings
The influences of different Rayleigh numbers (103 < Ra < 106) and solid volume fractions (0 < f < 0.04) on the fluid flow, heat transfer, total entropy generation, local heat transfer irreversibility and local fluid friction irreversibility are presented comprehensively. To predict thermo–physical properties, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity, of CuO–water nanofluid, the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model is applied to consider the effect of Brownian motion on nanofluid properties.
Originality/value
The originality of this work is to analyze the three-dimensional natural convection and entropy generation using a new numerical approach of dual-MRT-based lattice Boltzmann method.