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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2024

Mohammad Irfan, Aiqin Gao and Aiqin Hou

Reactive dyes are believed to have great potential for nylon dyeing, but these anionic dyes tend to rush toward the nylon at the beginning of the process, resulting in uneven…

30

Abstract

Purpose

Reactive dyes are believed to have great potential for nylon dyeing, but these anionic dyes tend to rush toward the nylon at the beginning of the process, resulting in uneven dyeing. Achieving uniformity gets even harder when the dyeing is performed under exposure to eco-friendly technique microwave irradiations. This study aims to achieve rapid and homogenous results by intermittent shaking and non-continuous exposure to microwave.

Design/methodology/approach

A set of reactive red dyes, based on the same chromophore and different substituents in the auxochrome part, was applied to the nylon fabric without any leveling agent. A series of experiments were designed to investigate the effect of different dye structures, exhaustion pH, liquor ratio, exhaustion time and fixation time to obtain an optimum recipe under the microwave dyeing technique.

Findings

Dyeing performance was characterized based on the color strength, exhaustion and fixation percentages and color fastness values. The characterization showed that better results can be achieved at a liquor ratio of 1:15 at exhaustion pH 2.7 which is also the isoelectric point of nylon, with 5.5 to 7 min of exhaustion and 6 to 8 min of fixation time for different dyes. Microwave dyed samples secured higher color strength values and provided better exhaustion and fixation than the conventional dye samples. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction results verified that there was no considerable difference in the morphological structure of nylon with microwave exposure.

Originality/value

An applied technique is disclosed in this work to achieve uniform dyeing on nylon 66 with reactive dyes without any leveling agent under exposure to eco-friendly rapid heating microwave irradiations.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 2 March 2012

Umar Ibrahim and Mohammad A. Irfan

The purpose of this paper is to find the response of micro‐layered rapid prototyping material under impact loading.

879

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to find the response of micro‐layered rapid prototyping material under impact loading.

Design/methodology/approach

A modified Hopkinson Bar was used to impart impact loading in velocities ranging from 2‐7 m/s. Strain gages and stress wave theory were employed to calculate the load‐point force and displacement. Hence the dynamic crack initiation and propagation energies were calculated.

Findings

It was found that the crack deflection and inter layer delamination mechanisms lead to greater absorption of crack propagation energy and hence offer better resistance to crack propagation as compared to monolithic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Practical implications

The finding will lead to greater confidence for the use of rapid prototypes as direct‐use parts subjected to low velocity impact.

Originality/value

Although the static properties of ABS material used in rapid prototyping are well documented, this paper is one of the first reported researches in measuring the impact response of the micro layered ABS.

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2019

Mohammad Irfan Bala and Mohammad Ahsan Chishti

Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable…

501

Abstract

Purpose

Fog computing is a new field of research and has emerged as a complement to the cloud which can mitigate the problems inherent to the cloud computing model such as unreliable latency, bandwidth constraints, security and mobility. This paper aims to provide detailed survey in the field of fog computing covering the current state-of-the-art in fog computing.

Design/methodology/approach

Cloud was developed for IT and not for Internet of Things (IoT); as a result, cloud is unable to meet the computing, storage, control and networking demands of the IoT applications. Fog is a companion for the cloud and aims to extend the cloud capabilities to the edge of the network.

Findings

Lack of survey papers in the area of fog computing was an important motivational factor for writing this paper. This paper highlights the capabilities of the fog computing and where it fits in between IoT and cloud. This paper has also presented architecture of the fog computing model and its characteristics. Finally, the challenges in the field of fog computing have been discussed in detail which need to be overcome to realize its full potential.

Originality/value

This paper presents the current state-of-the-art in fog computing. Lack of such papers increases the importance of this paper. It also includes challenges and opportunities in the fog computing and various possible solutions to overcome those challenges.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

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Article
Publication date: 29 August 2023

Hammama Irfan, Tahreem Beg, Farhana Naeem, Mohammad Irfan, Shenela Naqvi and Yang Shengyuan

The purpose of this study is to highlight the threats related to the utilization of synthetic fibers. Volatile organic compounds, particulates and acid gases are released during…

77

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to highlight the threats related to the utilization of synthetic fibers. Volatile organic compounds, particulates and acid gases are released during the production of polyester and other synthetic textiles. Polyester is problematic solid waste material as it takes centuries to break down and hence causes microplastic pollution. Biodegradable synthetic solutions for the replacement of polyester are a sustainable business marketing these days. The naNia fiber is the breakthrough product and it is claimed a biodegradable, compostable and toxin-free polymer.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, fabric constructed of naNia fiber was dyed with the extract of naturally occurring Lawsonia inermis (henna) plant leaves. The henna dye was extracted in water and ethanol using different methods, and the better extract was selected by the evaluation of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and phytochemical analysis. Henna with ethanol extract showed more desirable results hence it was selected to dye naNia fabric. To improve dyeability, premordanting, simultaneous mordanting and postmordanting were done using chitosan, fresh lemon extract and tannic acid, respectively. The dyed fabric samples were subjected to color strength analysis and multiple colorfastness tests.

Findings

The colorfastness test has shown good to excellent results. Scanning electron microscope analysis had also shown the attachment of dye molecules to the filaments. This study revealed that henna dye is appropriate to color naNia fiber even without the aid of a mordant.

Originality/value

For the first time, toxicant-free, biodegradable polyester (naNia) is successfully dyed with sustainable and naturally available dyes and mordants.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 53 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 11 February 2021

Parvez Alam, Suprava Jena, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Tatagar Mohammad Yunus Khan and Sarfaraz Kamangar

This paper aims to study the attenuation and dispersion phenomena of shear waves in anelastic and elastic porous strips. Numerical investigations are performed for the phase and…

198

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to study the attenuation and dispersion phenomena of shear waves in anelastic and elastic porous strips. Numerical investigations are performed for the phase and damped velocity profiles of the wave. For numerical computation purposes, water-saturated limestone and kerosene oil saturated sandstone for the first and second porous strips, respectively. Some other peculiarities have been observed and discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

Dispersion and attenuation characteristic of the shear wave propagations have been studied in an inhomogeneous poro-anelastic strip of finite thickness, which is clamped between an inhomogeneous poroelastic strip of finite thickness and an elastic half-space. Both the strips are initially stressed and the half-space is self-weighted. Analytical methods are used to calculate the interior deformations of the model with the involvement of special functions. The determination of the frequency equation, which includes the Bessel’s and Whittaker functions, has been obtained using the prescribed boundary conditions.

Findings

Impacts of attenuation coefficient, dissipation factor, inhomogeneities, initial stresses, Biot’s gravity, porosity and thickness ratio parameters on the velocity profile of the wave have been demonstrated through the graphical visuals. These parameters are playing an important role and working as a catalyst in affecting the propagation behaviour of the wave.

Originality/value

Inclusion of the concept of doubly layered initially stressed inhomogeneous porous structure of elastic and anelastic medium bedded over a self-weighted half-space medium brings a novelty to the existing literature related to the study of shear wave. It may be helpful to geologists, seismologists and structural engineers in the development of theoretical and practical studies.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 38 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 10 June 2020

Maraj Rahman Sofi, Irfan Bashir, Mohammad Ashraf Parry and Altaf Dar

The study aims to investigate the effect of four customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions, namely, customer orientation, customer relationship management organization…

2725

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the effect of four customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions, namely, customer orientation, customer relationship management organization, managing knowledge and CRM based technology, on customer satisfaction in the hospitality sector of Kashmir.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument with a slight modification is adapted from literature and is exercised on the customers of three- and four-star hotels operating in Kashmir. A total of 176 responses received using systematic random sampling were subjected to exploratory factor and regression analyses to uncover the underlying relationships among dependent and independent variables.

Findings

The results revealed a significant and positive relationship between CRM dimensions, namely, customer orientation, managing knowledge and CRM organization on customer satisfaction. Though the results also indicate a significant positive effect of CRM-based technology on customer satisfaction, the magnitude of this effect is very weak. This suggests that hotel organizations use technology as a mere tool to store customer information only. Thus, CRM-based technology should be used by the hotels to analyze customer information and, subsequently, design customized products. This will unravel the full potential of the technology and lead to better customer satisfaction.

Practical implications

The findings of this study provide significant insights to the practitioners to understand the role of successfully implementing a CRM strategy. It reflects that establishing an effective CRM strategy helps managers in improving customer satisfaction and in maintaining a long-term relationship with customers to achieve the organizational goals. Thus, establishing an efficient and effective CRM strategy should be (one of) the key objectives for all hotel managers. Moreover, the hotels that successfully implement CRM strategy and manage customer knowledge properly will reap the rewards in terms of better customer loyalty and long-term sustainable profitability.

Originality/value

This study approaches the implementation of CRM strategy from a customer perspective with a specific focus on investigating the effect of four CRM dimensions on customer satisfaction in the hospitality sector. This will provide a novel impetus to the hotel managers to devise and manage a CRM strategy that leads to (better) customer satisfaction.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 6 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-5607

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Article
Publication date: 26 February 2024

Rosli Said, Mardhiati Sulaimi, Rohayu Ab Majid, Ainoriza Mohd Aini, Olusegun Olaopin Olanrele and Omokolade Akinsomi

This study aims to address the critical need for innovative financing solutions in the global housing sector, focusing specifically on Malaysia’s distinct housing finance system…

149

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to address the critical need for innovative financing solutions in the global housing sector, focusing specifically on Malaysia’s distinct housing finance system encompassing both conventional and Islamic loans. The primary objective is to develop a transformative housing finance model that addresses affordability challenges and reshapes the Malaysian housing landscape.

Design/methodology/approach

The study presents an alternate housing finance model for Malaysia, integrating lower monthly payments and reduced household debt. Key variables include house price appreciation rates, interest rates, initial guarantee fees and loan-to-value ratios. Inspired by the Help to Buy (HTB) scheme, the model aligns with proven global initiatives for enhanced affordability, balancing payment amounts, loan interest rates and acceptable price thresholds.

Findings

The study’s findings promise to address affordability disparities and reshape Malaysia’s housing finance landscape. The emphasis is on introducing a structured repayment plan that offers a sustainable path to homeownership, particularly for low-income families. Incorporating the future value adaptation concept, inspired by reverse mortgages and Islamic finance, enhances adaptability, ensuring long-term sustainability despite economic shifts.

Practical implications

The proposed model promotes widespread access to homeownership, offering practical solutions for policymakers to improve affordability, prompting adaptable risk management strategies for financial institutions and empowering potential homebuyers with increased flexibility.

Originality/value

The study introduces a transformative housing finance model for Malaysia, merging elements from reverse mortgages, Islamic finance and the HTB scheme, offering potential applicability to similar systems globally.

Details

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8270

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Article
Publication date: 27 July 2020

Irfan Ahmed and Ali Mohammad Medabesh

This study quantifies empirically the induced impact of income distribution and consumption expenditure on the structures of agriculture production of Nigerian economy.

114

Abstract

Purpose

This study quantifies empirically the induced impact of income distribution and consumption expenditure on the structures of agriculture production of Nigerian economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study calibrates an extended input-output model on a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Nigeria for the year 2010. Moreover, the study conducts a dispersion analysis to identify the key agriculture sectors/subsectors both in exogenous and endogenous setup.

Findings

This study presents an empirical analysis of propagation in the structure of production particularly in the structure of agriculture sector. It combines the aggregate and the disaggregated levels of analysis and identifies the key sectors/subsectors both in the exogenous and endogenous setup. The comparison of both findings confirms that the composition of income distribution and consumption expenditure significantly influences the composition and the aggregated and disaggregated order of structure of agriculture production.

Originality/value

Knowledge of interindustry connections is vital in policy implications since the policy makers prefer strongly interconnected sectors to the sectors with poor industry linkages. These connections are estimated as forward and backward linkages, which provide indices to set the criteria for key sectors identification. This study presents an empirical analysis of propagation in the structure of production particularly in the structure of agriculture sector. It combines the aggregate and the disaggregated levels of analysis and identifies the key sectors/subsectors both in the exogenous and endogenous setup.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 47 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 26 November 2021

Irfan Ahmed, Ali Mohammad Medabesh, Khadija H. Mehrez, Nedra Shili, Claudio Socci and Stefano Deriu

With the global outbreak of COVID-19 that has made the economic activities standstill, countries have taken immediate measures to safeguard not only the human lives but also the…

97

Abstract

Purpose

With the global outbreak of COVID-19 that has made the economic activities standstill, countries have taken immediate measures to safeguard not only the human lives but also the economies. This study investigates empirically the lockdown impact of current pandemic on the Saudi economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs inoperability input–output model (IIOM) on the input–output table (IOT) of Saudi Arabia for the analysis.

Findings

Findings show that with the closure of few sectors for the period of two months, the GDP declined to 6.49%. Findings also show a negative impact on consumption, investments and exports.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation of current study is that it uses IOTs which lack primary and secondary income distribution that is vital for presenting complete interindustry connections in the analysis. The interindustry structures relate to the consumption structures which ultimately lead to the income distribution and affect the consumption behaviors of economic agents. Hence, the complete income circular flow is not incorporated in IIOM using IOT. The findings of current study would be well grounded if it endogenized the primary and secondary income distribution.

Practical implications

The practical implication of this study is the use of IIOM for anticipating the potential loss against the backdrop of catastrophes and pandemics. The IIOM has the capability to predict the economic effects of disruptive events and hence the policy-makers can better predict and devise prudent policies to avoid the likely threats to the economy.

Originality/value

The current situation is unprecedented, and it is challenging for governments to forecast the economic repercussions. Several economic sectors have been inoperative due to lockdown implemented by the governments. This study empirically estimated the inoperability produced by the current pandemic. The findings are consistent with other estimated statistics, thereby proving the efficacy of IIOM to anticipate the economic repercussions of natural hazards.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 52 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 17 May 2021

Fazle Mabood, Anum Shafiq, Waqar Ahmed Khan and Irfan Anjum Badruddin

This study aims to investigate the irreversibility associated with the Fe3O4–Co/kerosene hybrid-nanofluid past a wedge with nonlinear radiation and heat source.

233

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the irreversibility associated with the Fe3O4–Co/kerosene hybrid-nanofluid past a wedge with nonlinear radiation and heat source.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reports the numerical analysis of the hybrid nanofluid model under the implications of the heat source and magnetic field over a static and moving wedge with slips. The second law of thermodynamics is applied with nonlinear thermal radiation. The system that comprises differential equations of partial derivatives is remodeled into the system of differential equations via similarity transformations and then solved through the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg with shooting technique. The physical parameters, which emerges from the derived system, are discussed in graphical formats. Excellent proficiency in the numerical process is analyzed by comparing the results with available literature in limiting scenarios.

Findings

The significant outcomes of the current investigation are that the velocity field uplifts for higher velocity slip and magnetic strength. Further, the heat transfer rate is reduced with the incremental values of the Eckert number, while it uplifts with thermal slip and radiation parameters. An increase in Brinkmann’s number uplifts the entropy generation rate, while that peters out the Bejan number. The results of this study are of importance involving in the assessment of the effect of some important design parameters on heat transfer and, consequently, on the optimization of industrial processes.

Originality/value

This study is original work that reports the hybrid nanofluid model of Fe3O4–Co/kerosene.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 32 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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