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The purpose of this paper is to present the design and development of transfer seat system which aids the disabled drivers to get in and out of the car without outside help thereby reducing physical effort. The design of the model is carried out taking into account the vehicle specification and the weight of the person. After careful measurement and analysis, the required seat system parameters were estimated. The three movements associated with the system are satisfied with motors controlled by switches. The design calculations and the tests carried out are validated using the ANSYS finite element software.

The whole process begins with the definition of the problem of eliminating the support of an additional person to help people with disabilities enter and leave a car, making it feasible and economical for the patients. Literature review includes and develops information from different sources. The research gap is identified and a necessary improvement is proposed. Design and analysis involves optimum design and calculation that achieves the efficiency, reliability and comfortable movement of the system. It also involves validation to support stress analysis in the system that is performed using ANSYS. The material supply includes the required materials taking into account factors such as strength, durability and availability. Manufacturing selects appropriate manufacturing techniques taking into account design, materials and space limitation. Operations such as welding, cutting, drilling and grinding are considered. The tests consist of performing a physical test to check the approximate load capacity of the system for a gentle, comfortable and secure comfort. Validation ensures that the results of the test coincide with the existing results of the supporting documentation. This process also involves taking corrective action and re-doing the design process to achieve the desired results.

The results that are plotted suggest that with the increase in downward force, the power required to balance it is greater. Similarly, the speed increases with increasing power. ANSYS analysis can be performed for the support structure and for obtaining deformation. The entire work can be implemented on the actual vehicle, and the time required for the patient to enter and exit could be calculated. The entire transfer system that operates by the engine can be modified, and a hydraulic system can be used to make the movements possible. The section of the rail can also be modified accordingly, and the comparison of the possible results can be carried out with the present system.

The entire system can be improvised by working on the mechanism which reduces the overall operating time without causing discomfort to the user when entering and exiting the car. Furthermore, the safety feature must be considered in the car to prevent the mechanism from altering the seating position of the seat, for which a mooring system can be inserted with a switch to hold it in place and release it. A powerful motor can be integrated into the mechanism to improvise the second movement, which is the deployment of the legs on the ground with the motorized wheels. The set of cast iron rails is used to support more weight without failure.

The main objective is to design a system that allows a disabled person to enter and exit easily without the support or assistance of a second person. The design process had to be modified, and various methods were tried to incorporate this flawless movement onto the chassis of the car. Necessary changes have been made in the case of the material used and of the yarn to obtain the desired movement at the desired speed at the desired time. By performing these three movements, the secondary objective had to be integrated into the system to automate the door to facilitate the entry and exit of the car and to open the door simply by pressing a button. These results were taken into account to make the engine speed changes and the speed at which the chair will descend and move horizontally to ensure a safe design.

The developed transfer seat system can be widely used in healthcare sectors which greatly helps the movement of disabled persons.

The design calculations and tests carried out are validated using the ANSYS®, a finite element software.

Images are playing an increasingly important role in organizational life. This trend has spawned interest in how organizations can improve and protect their images. Yet, in our eagerness to study image promotion and repair, organizational scholars have overlooked the practice of image spoiling. Image spoiling occurs when an organization uses words and other symbols to attack the image of another organization. One of the most pervasive forms of image spoiling is interorganizational defamation. The purpose of this study is to explore some of the dynamics of interorganizational defamation. Data was collected from 68 interorganizational defamation cases that were adjudicated in the U.S. federal or state courts between 1964 and 1998. A model of interorganizational defamation was inductively derived from the defamation cases using grounded theory as a qualitative methodology. The model identifies some of the strategies of interorganizational defamation and their methods of implementation.

This study aims to analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic has altered the role of the Islamic finance (IF) sector in the economy and how technological developments in IF can enhance its functioning and contribution to sustainable development in the post-pandemic era. It examines the impact of IF on traditional financial inclusion pre- and post-COVID-19. Furthermore, in response to the acceleration of financial technologies following the pandemic, the study explores the impact of Islamic FinTech on Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) and, consequently, on sustainable development (SD).

A cross-sectional multiple regression analysis is conducted to examine the impact of traditional IF on financial inclusion pre- and post-COVID-19 in the years 2017 and 2021 for 64 countries. Moreover, a structural equation model (SEM) is used by using cross-section data for 64 countries in the year 2021 to capture the impact of Islamic FinTech on SD through DFI as an intermediator.

IF has a positive and significant impact on traditional financial inclusion pre-COVID-19. On the contrary, it has insignificant impact post to the pandemic due to the slow-down of the sector development. Alternatively, Islamic FinTech has a positive and significant impact on DFI and, hence, on SD. These results indicate that the development of the IF sector is negatively affected post to the pandemic. However, it still has an opportunity to shift to a more resilient sector by introducing financial innovations that allow it to cope with the global current financial technological changes.

This research has some limitations that could be addressed in future studies. First, the empirical analysis is restricted to cross-sectional analyses in years 2017 and 2021 to compare the role of IF pre- and post the pandemic. These years are chosen based on data from the Global Financial Development Database, which is collected by the World Bank and released every three years, with the latest update in 2021. Second, this study uses one measure for each of traditional and DFI. This can be further investigated by using multiple indicators or constructing an index for each variable.

Islamic FinTech presents several practical implications, particularly in its ability to provide access to financial services while adhering to Shariah principles. First, it fosters a more inclusive financial ecosystem by offering cost-effective, ethical and transparent financial products tailored to diverse populations that can significantly contribute to financial inclusion, especially in Muslim-majority countries. Second, it promotes gender equality by improving access to financial resources and services, which enhances financial inclusion and subsequently drives the expansion and development of the IF sector and hence supports SDGs. Third, Islamic FinTech supports the growth of SMEs by providing Shariah-compliant financing alternatives.

This paper’s originality lies in its comparison of the role that the development of the IF sector plays in financial inclusion pre- and post-COVID-19, using empirical regression analysis, which contrasts with other studies that use theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the study bridges a gap in the IF literature by extending the analysis to integrate digital technologies into the IF sector, using the Global Islamic FinTech index (GIFT) to capture various aspects of Islamic FinTech development by conducting an SEM to examine the impact of Islamic FinTech on SD, with DFI serving as an intermediator.

This study, using systematic literature review (SLR) aims to highlight and summarise current studies on the factors influencing customers’ Islamic home financing (IHF) selection and Islamic banking product preference, which has gained popularity within the banking sector over the past three decades. The SLR could map evolution and research fields, recommend a particular categorisation and determine primary issues to demonstrate current trends, future research directions and theoretical development.

The SLR was performed with a four-step reporting standard for the systematic evidence syntheses review method (research question formulation, systematic searching, quality assessment and data extraction) using 33 screened articles between 2008 and 2020 from two primary databases (Scopus and Web of Science) and one supporting database (Google Scholar).

The resulting factors could be categorised into four primary themes: consumer behaviour, consumer attributes, bank attributes and bank attributes (Islamic). The themes were subsequently divided into 16 sub-themes. Notably, all the factors proved essential for consumers’ evolving preferences and product competitiveness in the market.

This study encountered two limitations based on database selection and research period.

This SLR aimed to offer useful insights into the factors that should be prioritised by financial institutions for marketing approaches by investigating consumer behaviours.

This study pioneered an SLR on the study area for useful insights into the current research limitations and recommendations on future study directions. Specifically, the study method facilitated critical discussions and comparisons to past research outcomes and objectivity with triangulation from distinct perspectives.

This paper scrutinizes the nexus between firms’ board characteristics; environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and industry sensitivity, with the aim of examining how the impact of board diversity on ESG performance would vary among sensitive versus non-sensitive industries and identify which board characteristics are more influential on ESG performance in these industries.

A large sample of 31,255 firm-year observations in 5,471 companies listed in the G-7 countries from 2010 to 2022 is examined using a Heckman two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach to address the potential endogeneity concerns within our proposed relationships.

The findings show that the positive influence of diverse boards on a firm’s ESG performance is particularly amplified in sensitive industries and may be attributed to the greater need of these industries to address stakeholder concerns (as posited by the stakeholder and resource-dependence theories) and mitigate agency conflicts (supporting agency theory). Interestingly, the impact of diversity in board gender and education qualifications appears to be particularly influential and remains robust across a series of regression analyses.

This study has important implications for policymakers and legislators as it provides guidelines pertaining to the composition of boards operating in sensitive industries. For practitioners and firms, the results allow for better understanding of firms’ tendency towards sustainability practices, particularly in the context of sensitive industries.

This study has important implications for policymakers and legislators as it provides guidelines pertaining to the composition of boards operating in sensitive industries.

This study contributes to the increasingly growing literature that investigates the nexus between industry sensitivity, board characteristics and ESG performance.

The present paper aims to propose a viable alternative model for human capital development (HCD), termed as the integrated cash waqf micro enterprises investment (ICWME-I) model, which is expected to contribute to the development of micro enterprises in Malaysia.

This is a conceptual paper for the development of the ICWME-I model. It is purely qualitative in nature, using content analysis. It comprehensively reviews the literature related to HCD issues faced by micro enterprises and existing studies related to cash waqf (Islamic endowment) to construct the ICWME-I model.

The proposed ICWME-I model is specially designed for HCD of micro enterprises. It is an appropriate initiative to upgrade micro enterprises through HCD programmes by ensuring proper utilization of cash waqf funds to build modern training centres at subsidized costs with state-of-the-art facilities. The training centres would subsidize the participation fees of micro enterprises and provide them with facilities to undertake education and training programmes, as well as other kinds of activities for upgrading, improving and enhancing human capital capacity and skills of micro enterprises. The potential challenges of the ICWME-I model are also highlighted in this study.

This paper attempts to construct the ICWME-I model based on an extensive review of literature related to micro enterprises, cash waqf and HCD. Among its major limitations is the fact that the ICWME-I model is not empirically validated and tested in this research. This can be carried out in future studies.

The present study could have an enormous impact on micro entrepreneurs via HCD programmes. The most important impact would be on government budgets, as this ICWME-I model is expected to generate its own funds from cash waqf for micro enterprises’ HCD.

This paper brings forward an original and viable model to develop human capital for micro enterprises development. This model involves the building of training centres using cash waqf raised from donors.

This paper aims to introduce modeling, numerical simulation and convergence analysis of the problem of nanoparticles’ transport carried by a two-phase flow in a porous medium. The model consists of equations of pressure, saturation, nanoparticles’ concentration, deposited nanoparticles’ concentration on the pore-walls and entrapped nanoparticles concentration in pore-throats.

A nonlinear iterative IMPES-IMC (IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation–IMplicit Concentration) scheme is used to solve the problem under consideration. The governing equations are discretized using the cell-centered finite difference (CCFD) method. The pressure and saturation equations are coupled to calculate the pressure, and then the saturation is updated explicitly. Therefore, the equations of nanoparticles concentration, the deposited nanoparticles concentration on the pore walls and the entrapped nanoparticles concentration in pore throats are computed implicitly. Then, the porosity and the permeability variations are updated.

Three lemmas and one theorem for the convergence of the iterative method under the natural conditions and some continuity and boundedness assumptions were stated and proved. The theorem is proved by induction states that after a number of iterations, the sequences of the dependent variables such as saturation and concentrations approach solutions on the next time step. Moreover, two numerical examples are introduced with convergence test in terms of Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition and a relaxation factor. Dependent variables such as pressure, saturation, concentration, deposited concentrations, porosity and permeability are plotted as contours in graphs, whereas the error estimations are presented in a table for different values of the number of time steps, number of iterations and mesh size.

The domain of the computations is relatively small; however, it is straightforward to extend this method to the oil reservoir (large) domain by keeping similar definitions of CFL number and other physical parameters.

The model of the problem under consideration has not been studied before. Also, both solution technique and convergence analysis have not been used before with this model.

The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, math, geology, astronomy and engineering. The paper highlights the struggles and successes of these scientists, as well as the cultural, social and political factors that influenced their lives and work. The aim is to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and make their own contributions to society by presenting these scientists as role models for hard work and dedication. Ultimately, the paper seeks to promote the importance of science and its impact on society.

The purpose of this review is to present the scientific biographies of Egypt's most distinguished scientists, primarily in the field of Natural Sciences, in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The work is objective, honest and abstract, avoiding any bias or exaggeration. The author provides a clear and concise methodology, including a brief introduction to the scientist and their field of study, an explanation of their major contributions, the impact of their work on society, any challenges or obstacles faced during their career and their lasting legacy. The aim is to showcase the important achievements of these scientists, their impact on their respective fields and to inspire future generations to pursue scientific careers.

The group of outstanding scientists in 20th century Egypt were shaped by various factors, including familial upbringing, education, society, political and cultural atmosphere and state support for scientific research. These scientists made significant contributions to various academic disciplines, including medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering. Their impact on their communities and cultures has received international acclaim, making them role models for future generations of scientists and researchers. The history of these scientists highlights the importance of educational investments and supporting scientific research to foster innovation and social progress. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals, preserving Egypt's scientific heritage and honouring the scientists' outstanding accomplishments.

The encyclopedia preserves Egypt's scientific heritage, which has been overlooked for political or other reasons. It is a useful tool for a variety of readers, including students, instructors and education professionals, and it offers insights into universally relevant scientific success factors as well as scientific research methodologies. The encyclopedia honours the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Egyptian researchers and their contributions to the world's scientific community.

The practical implications of this paper are several. First, it highlights the importance of education, family upbringing and societal support for scientific research in fostering innovation and social progress. Second, it underscores the need for continued funding and support for scientific research to maintain and build upon the accomplishments of past generations of scientists. Third, it encourages young people to pursue scientific careers and make their own contributions to society. Fourth, it preserves the scientific heritage of Egypt and honors the contributions of its outstanding scientists. Finally, it serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals seeking to understand the factors underlying scientific success and research methodologies.

The social implications of the paper include promoting national pride and cultural identity, raising awareness of the importance of education and scientific research in driving social progress, inspiring future generations of scientists and researchers, reducing socioeconomic disparities and emphasizing the role of society, politics and culture in shaping scientific researchers' personalities and interests.

The paper's originality/value lies in its comprehensive documentation of the scientific biographies of Egypt's most prominent scientists in the 20th century, providing unique insights into the factors that contributed to their development and their impact across various academic disciplines. It preserves Egypt's scientific heritage and inspires future generations of scientists and researchers through the promotion of educational investments and scientific research. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for education professionals seeking to understand scientific success factors and research methodologies, emphasizing the importance of supportive and inclusive environments for scientific development.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of price fairness and Islamic altruism on the Islamic mortgage adoption along with theory of planned behaviour’s (TPB’s) constructs (i.e. attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control). Attitude is also analysed as a mediator in this study.

Using TPB as a baseline theory, this study analyses the Islamic mortgage adoption involving a total of 281 Muslim consumers in Malaysia using partial least squares.

The results indicate that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and price fairness significantly influence Muslim bank customers’ intention to choose Islamic home financing products. Other interesting findings are also provided.

This study contains three limitations that include the geographical constraint, respondents’ selection and the limited number of factors used.

The results obtained can serve as a guideline for bank managers or marketers to generate better strategies, which are dynamic to improve the acceptance rate of Islamic mortgage.

This study extends the TPB flexibility to integrate with price fairness and Islamic altruism in the Islamic mortgage adoption context.

Recent trends and developments in Bitcoin have led to a proliferation of studies that analyzed the Bitcoin returns and volatility; however, the volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and equity market information in emerging countries quietly remains scarce. Regarding this deficiency, the purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic connectedness between Bitcoin and equity market information.

Daily data from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2018 are used. The paper applies a novel time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model extended by Antonakakis and Gabauer (2017). This model addresses the biases in coefficient estimates, considering innovations from sources of time variation.

The findings reveal that the volatility transmission of Bitcoin return is not an important source of shocks of market returns in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS), suggesting that Bitcoin return contributes less volatility to equity market information. The results further show that Bitcoin is the main receiver of volatility while market price risk is the dominant transmission catalysts for innovations in the rest of the stock market returns.

Important implications can be derived from these findings, signaling of the demand to develop and implement volatility connectedness policy measures in order to guarantee the stability of financial assets. However, the most significant limitation lies in the fact that the analysis of this paper is restricted to the volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and equity market information in BRICS countries.

By acknowledging the wide range of econometric models, the paper uses TVP-VAR model because this methodology is a useful and relevant tool in modeling the volatility connectedness of financial variables, thus providing meaningful information to policy makers and international investors.