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A transportation connectivity strategy is a crucial part of an adaptive, congruent and sustainable tourism transportation system and is of concern to countries focusing on growing their tourism economy. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the relationship between transportation connectivity and the tourism economy through a configuration analysis.

This study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 153 cities in China to provide an understanding of the impacts of transportation connectivity strategies, with the co-effecting factors of socio-economic status, tourism resource endowment and hospitality capacity, on the development of regional tourism economies.

There are multiple paths that lead to regional tourism economic development (a high level of tourist arrivals or a high level of tourism revenue). High-speed rail can play a supportive role, while air travel or traditional rail remains central to the tourism economy. Socio-economic status (i.e. city size and city gross domestic product) and hospitality capacity are identified as crucial influencers for the development of the tourism economy.

This study confirms the validity of deploying configuration analysis (based on the equifinality theory) to establish the relationship between transportation and the tourism economy. The finding of more than one configuration led to a new consensus on how multiple factors influence the tourism economy.

Suggestions on transportation connectivity strategies for different regions are provided.

This study demonstrates the need to place greater emphasis on configurations that lead to tourism economy development instead of the effect of a single transportation mode.

摘要

交通连接策略, 作为打造具备适应性、一致性、可持续性的旅游交通系统的重要环节, 被重视旅游经济增长的国家密切关注。组态分析有助于更好地理解交通连接与旅游经济之间的关系。

本研究以中国的153个城市为样本, 使用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA）, 研究交通连接策略、社会经济水平、旅游资源禀赋、酒店接待能力等协同因素对区域旅游经济发展的影响。

有多种组态可以导致区域旅游经济的发展（表现为高水平的游客人数或高水平的旅游收入）。航空旅行或传统铁路仍然是影响旅游经济发展的核心条件, 而高铁可以发挥支持作用。社会经济水平(即城市规模和城市生产总值)和酒店接待能力被认为是影响旅游经济发展的关键因素。

本研究证实了应用组态分析（基于等效性理论）建立交通连接策略与旅游经济之间关系的有效性。不唯一的多组态的发现会推动关于多种因素如何影响旅游经济的新共识形成。

本研究针对不同地区提出交通连通策略的建议。

本研究表明, 比起考虑单一交通方式产生的影响, 探索旅游经济发展需要更加重视多种交通连接策略的配置。

Abstracto

Una estrategia de conectividad del transporte es una parte crucial de un sistema de transporte turístico adaptable, congruente y sostenible, y es de interés para los países que se centran en el crecimiento de su economía turística. Un análisis de la configuración puede ayudar a comprender mejor la relación entre la conectividad del transporte y la economía del turismo.

Este estudio utiliza el análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA) en una muestra de 153 ciudades de China para proporcionar una comprensión de los impactos de las estrategias de conectividad del transporte, con los factores coadyuvantes de la situación socioeconómica, la dotación de recursos turísticos y la capacidad de hospitalidad, en el desarrollo de las economías turísticas regionales.

Existen múltiples vías que conducen al desarrollo económico del turismo regional (un alto nivel de llegadas de turistas o un alto nivel de ingresos por turismo). El ferrocarril de alta velocidad puede desempeñar un papel de apoyo, mientras que el transporte aéreo o el ferrocarril tradicional siguen siendo fundamentales para la economía turística. El estatus socioeconómico (es decir, el tamaño de la ciudad y el PIB de la ciudad) y la capacidad de hospitalidad se identifican como factores de influencia cruciales para el desarrollo de la economía del turismo.

Este estudio confirma la validez de utilizar el análisis de configuración (basado en la teoría de la equifinalidad) para establecer la relación entre el transporte y la economía del turismo. El hallazgo de más de una configuración condujo a un nuevo consenso sobre cómo influyen los múltiples factores en la economía del turismo.

Se proporciona una tipología de estrategias de conectividad del transporte para diferentes regiones.

Este estudio demuestra la necesidad de poner mayor énfasis en las configuraciones que conducen al desarrollo de la economía turística en lugar del efecto de un único modo de transporte.

The high-speed rail network can lead to the transformation of the tourism industry, as well as the regional economy. In the present study, a reasonable method was developed to assess the contributions of high-speed rail network to the development of tourism and economy in a Chinese region known as the “1 + 8” city tourism circle.

The method proposed here combines not only tourism revenue but also regional economy in a MGM (1, n) gray model, and it studies the tourist and economic output of this tourism circle before and after the high-speed rail network’s construction using an advanced “with and without comparison” method.

By using this method, the accuracy of the prediction of the contribution rate of high-speed rail network is improved. We found that in the “1 + 8” city tourism circle, the high-speed rail network positively contributes to increase of the tourism arrival and tourism revenue. Furthermore, regional economy significantly grows under the impact of the high-speed rail network.

The “1 + 8” city tourism circle is studied as a closed system in this paper, and the authors focus on the economic associations between the cities in the circle by ignoring the impact from outside this circle. This treatment means, simplifies and enables the feasibility of this study, but it virtually leads to the deviation of outcomes between this study and the practical.

For theoretical values, by studying a normal Chinese inland region, this study reconfirmed the positive impact of high-speed railway empirically. In the meantime, this study developed an improved method by introducing gray theory models to “with and without comparison” method to calculate the contribution of high-speed railway to the regional tourism and economy development. Such method simultaneously incorporates the indexes of regional tourism income and regional GDP simultaneously. It is direct and convenient as it can achieve accuracy requirements using only a small amount of data, and it reconciles more with reality by considering the interaction of the outcomes of tourism and economy.

For practical values, using the proposed method, a direct and convenient calculation of the contributions of high-speed railway to many other regions can be achieved if the data of the outcomes of tourism and economy can be obtained. In such a way, the regions that really need high-speed railway to stimulate their development can be distinguished from regions whose high-speed railway is under blind construction. Thus, the government may take actions to reassess some uneconomic high-speed railway projects without discouraging the construction of high-speed railway in other regions. The authors believe that this is important not only for China but also for many other countries with high-speed railway projects.

This study develops a reasonable method of assessing the contribution of high-speed rail to regional tourism and economic development. Using this method, this study confirmed that high-speed rail indeed positively impacts the regional development.

抽象

高速铁路（HSR）网络可以带动旅游业乃至区域经济的转型。本研究构建了一个合理的方法来评估高铁网络对中国 “1+8” 城市旅游圈的旅游产业和区域经济发展的贡献。

本文提出的方法将旅游收入和区域经济的指标结合在一个MGM（1，n）灰色模型中，并采用先进的 “有无比较法” 来研究高铁网建设前后该旅游圈的旅游和经济产出。

利用该方法，可更精准地预测高速铁路网的贡献率。研究发现，在“1+8” 城市旅游圈中，高铁网络对游客到访量和旅游收入的增加起到了积极的促进作用。此外，在高铁网络的影响下，区域经济得到了显著增长。

本文将 “1+8” 城市旅游圈作为一个封闭的系统进行研究，忽略了外部因素的影响，而重点研究旅游圈内城市之间的经济联系。这种处理方法简化了本研究的过程，增加了研究的可行性，但实际上导致了本研究结果与现实存在偏差。

就理论上而言，本文通过对一个典型的中国内陆地区展开研究，从经验上重新确认了高速铁路的积极影响。同时，将灰色理论模型引入到“有无比较法” 中，提出了一种改进方法，用以计算高速铁路对区域旅游业和经济发展的贡献。该方法同时结合了区域旅游收入和GDP指标，十分直接方便，只需要少量数据就可以达到准确的要求；并且由于它考虑到了旅游业和经济的相互作用，更符合实际。

就实用价值而言，只需获得旅游业和经济成果的数据，即可利用该方法直接方便地计算高铁对众多其他地区的贡献。这样一来，就可以将真正需要高铁来刺激发展的地区与盲目建设高铁的地区区分开来。由此，政府可以对一些不经济的高速铁路项目进行重新评估，而不妨碍其他地区的高铁建设。笔者认为，这对中国乃至其他许多国家的高铁项目建设来说是很重要的。

本研究提出了一种合理的方法来评价高铁对区域旅游业和经济发展的贡献。利用这一方法，本研究证实了高铁确实对区域发展产生了积极的影响。

Resumen

La red de ferrocarril de alta velocidad (HSR) puede liderar la transformación de la industria turística, así como la economía regional. En el presente estudio, se ha desarrollado un método para evaluar las contribuciones de la red ferroviaria de alta velocidad, en el desarrollo económico en una región China conocida como el círculo de turismo urbano “1+8”.

El método que se propone combina, no solamente los ingresos por turismo, sino también la economía regional en un modelo MGM (1,n) gris, y estudia la producción turística y económica de este círculo turístico, antes y después de las construcción de la red ferroviaria de alta velocidad utilizando un método “con y sin comparación”.

Usando este método, se mejora la predicción de la tasa de contribución de la red de alta velocidad. Nosotros descubrimos que en el círculo “1+8”, la red ferroviaria de alta velocidad contribuye positivamente al aumento en la llegadas de turistas y los ingresos por turismo. Además, la economía regional, crece significativamente bajo el impacto de esta red.

En este artículo, el círculo de turismo urbano “1+8”, se estudia como un sistema cerrado, se enfoca en la asociación económica entre las ciudades, pero ignorando el impacto desde fuera. Este tratamiento significa simplificar y habilitar la viabilidad de este estudio, pero prácticamente conduce a la desviación de los resultados entre este estudio y la practica.

El valor teórico, estudiando una región normal del interior de China, reconfirma el impacto positivo del ferrocarril de alta velocidad. Mientras tanto, este estudio desarrolla un método mejorado, introduciendo los modelos de “teoría gris” en los métodos “con y sin comparación”, para el calculo de la contribución del ferrocarril de alta velocidad en el desarrollo de la economía regional y turística. Además y simultáneamente, el método incorpora los índices de ingresos del turismo regional y el PIB. Esto es directo y conveniente, ya que puede cumplir con los requisitos de precisión, usando solamente una pequeña cantidad de datos, y concilia más con la realidad considerando la interacción del resultado del turismo y economía.

Para los valores prácticos, usando el modelo propuesto, se puede lograr un cálculo directo y conveniente de las contribuciones del ferrocarril de alta velocidad a muchas otras regiones, y se pueden obtener datos del impacto del turismo y la economía. De esta manera, las regiones que realmente necesiten el ferrocarril de alta velocidad para estimular su desarrollo, se podrán diferenciar de aquellas otras que lo planteen a ciegas. Por lo tanto, los gobiernos deberían tomar acciones para reevaluar algunos proyectos ferroviarios de alta velocidad ineficientes, sin desalentar la construcción de los mismos en otras regiones. Los autores creen que esto no sólo es importante para China, sino también para muchos otros países con proyectos de ferrocarriles de alta velocidad.

Este estudio desarrolla un método razonable de evaluación de la contribución del ferrocarril de alta velocidad, en el desarrollo de la economías regionales y turísticas. Usando este método, este estudio confirma que el ferrocarril de alta velocidad añade impactos positivos en el desarrollo regional.

This paper takes the seven overcapacity industries such as the textile industry, electricity and heat, steel, coal, automobile manufacturing, nonferrous metals and petrochemical industry as research objects and proposes a TOPSIS grey relational projection group decision method with mixed multiattributes, which is used for the ranking of the seven industries with overcapacity and provided relevant departments with a basis for decision-making.

First, an evaluation index system from four aspects is established. Secondly, the attributes of linguistic information are converted into two-dimensional interval numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers, and an evaluation matrix is constructed and normalized. This paper uses the AHP method to determine the subjective weights and uses the coefficient of variation method to determine the objective weights. Moreover, this paper sets up the optimization model with the largest comprehensive evaluation value to determine the combined weights. Finally, the TOPSIS grey relational projection method is proposed to calculate the closeness of grey relational projections and to rank them.

This paper analyzes the problem of overcapacity in seven industries with the TOPSIS grey relational projection method. The results show that the four industries of automobile manufacturing, textile, coal and petrochemical are all in serious overcapacity levels, while the three industries of steel, nonferrous metals and electric power are relatively in weak overcapacity level in the three years of 2016–2018. TOPSIS grey relational projection method ranks the overcapacity degree of the seven major overcapacity industries, making the relative overcapacity degree of each industry more clear and providing a reference for the government to formulate targeted policies and measures for each industry.

By using TOPSIS grey relational projection method to evaluate the overcapacity of the seven major overcapacity industries, on the one hand, it makes the relative overcapacity degree of each industry more clear, on the other hand, it can provides the basis for the government and decision-making departments. This helps them promote better the healthy and orderly economic development of the seven major industries and avoid resource waste caused by overcapacity.

This article solves the single evaluation method caused by the limited indicators in the past, combines TOPSIS and the grey relational projection method and applies it to the overcapacity evaluation of the industry, not only applies it to the evaluation of overcapacity for the first time but also involves novel problems and methods, which expands the scope of application of the model.

Academic and practitioner attention to the constructs of authentic leadership and work engagement and their implications for organizations has grown dramatically over the past decade. Consideration of the implications of these constructs for high-performance human resource practices (HPHRP) is limited, however. In this monograph, we present a conceptual model that integrates authentic leadership/followership theory with theory and research on HPHRP. Then, we apply this model to systematically consider the implications of skill-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing HR practices in combination with authentic leadership for authentic followership, follower work engagement, and follower performance. We contend that authentic leadership, through various influences processes, promotes HPHRP, and vice versa, to help foster enhanced work engagement. By cultivating greater work engagement, individuals are motivated to bring their best, most authentic selves to the workplace and are more likely to achieve higher levels of both well-being and performance.

The function of cognitive diversity has not yet been studied to a sufficient degree. To address this gap, the current study aims to answer the questions of how and when team cognitive diversity fosters individual creativity by integrating the intellectual capital view and the inclusion literature.

With a paired and time-lagged sample consisting of 368 members and 46 leaders from Chinese high-tech organizations, a multilevel moderated mediation model was developed to test the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling.

Team cognitive diversity is positively related to individual creativity via team intellectual capital, but this positive indirect effect is obtained only when the inclusive team climate is high.

Team intellectual capital serves as an alternative mechanism for translating team cognitive diversity into favorable outcomes, and an inclusive team climate plays a pivotal role in harvesting the benefits of team cognitive diversity. Future research could extend our study by adopting a multiwave longitudinal or experimental design, examining the possibility of curvilinearity, considering the changes in patterns over time, and conducting cross-cultural studies.

Managers should take the initiative to assemble a team featuring cognitive diversity when facing creative tasks, and should proactively cultivate an inclusive culture when leading such a team.

This study is among the first to consider the mediating role of team intellectual capital in the cross-level effect of team cognitive diversity on individual creativity and to examine the boundary role of an inclusive team climate with respect to this indirect effect.

Docking technology plays a crucial role in enabling long-duration operations of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Visual positioning solutions alone are susceptible to abnormal drift values due to the challenging underwater optical imaging environment. When an AUV approaches the docking station, the absolute positioning method fails if the AUV captures an insufficient number of tracers. This study aims to to provide a more stable absolute position visual positioning method for underwater terminal visual docking.

This paper presents a six-degree-of-freedom positioning method for AUV terminal visual docking, which uses lights and triangle codes. The authors use an extended Kalman filter to fuse the visual calculation results with inertial measurement unit data. Moreover, this paper proposes a triangle code recognition and positioning algorithm.

The authors conducted a simulation experiment to compare the underwater positioning performance of triangle codes, AprilTag and Aruco. The results demonstrate that the implemented triangular code reduces the running time by over 70% compared to the other two codes, and also exhibits a longer recognition distance in turbid environments. Subsequent experiments were carried out in Qingjiang Lake, Hubei Province, China, which further confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed positioning algorithm.

This fusion approach effectively mitigates abnormal drift errors stemming from visual positioning and cumulative errors resulting from inertial navigation. The authors also propose a triangle code recognition and positioning algorithm as a supplementary approach to overcome the limitations of tracer light positioning beacons.

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of risk management in East Asia from 1998 to 2021 by using bibliometric methods and tools to explore research trends, hotspots, and directions for future research.

The data source for this paper is the Web of Science Core Collection, and 7,154 publications and related information have been derived. We use recognized bibliometric indicators to evaluate publications and visually analyze them through scientific mapping tools (VOS Viewer and CiteSpace).

The analysis results show that China is the most productive and influential country/region. East Asia countries have strong cooperation with each other and also have cooperation with other countries. The study shows that risk management has been involved in various fields such as credit, supply chain, health emergency and disaster especially in the background of COVID-19. We also found that machine learning, especially deep learning, has been playing an increasingly important role in risk management due to its excellent performance.

This paper focuses on studying risk management in East Asia, exploring its publication's fundamental information, citation and cooperation networks, hotspots, and research trends. It provides some reference value for scholars who are interested or further research in this field.