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This study aims to concentrate on a specific perspective that has mostly been ignored: employees in social enterprises (SEs). It proposes that employees in SEs should be treated with equal importance to outside beneficiaries within the SEs’ value-creating mission.

A multiple case study approach is adopted, and semi-structured interviews are the primary means of data collection.

The results show that while economic values are fundamental for the employment relationship, social values play the leading role in employees’ motivation; thus, they can significantly affect the organization’s operation and development.

This work contributes to Maslow’s need theory and psychological contract theory regarding their application to SEs. Practical lessons and suggestions are also provided for SEs’ development.

By emphasizing the value-creating mission of SEs with the new perspective of including employees in it, this work provides empirical evidence and practical lessons for SEs, especially Asian SEs, in terms of management and strategy.

This paper aims to investigate if perceived security, trust and perceived privacy affect both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Also, the study explores if trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influence consumers’ intentions to use the e-payment system which is supported by testing the moderation effect of gender on the intention to use such systems in the higher education institutes.

In total, 850 participants from United Arab Emirates (UAE) universities have filled an online questionnaire prepared for these aims. The survey instrument is composed of 22 items. The primary data was used to test the study model, proposed constructs and the study hypotheses using the Smart PLS Software.

The research confirmed that perceived security, trust and perceived privacy affect both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Also, the study found that trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have anticipated the significance of consumers’ intention to use e-payment system which is found also moderated by gender. Research outcomes indicated an important contribution towards the acceptance of e-payment systems and the common design of e-commerce systems.

Research outcomes have indicated an important contribution toward the acceptance of e-payment systems and the common design of e-commerce systems. Additionally, this study helped in increasing the reader’s understanding of various aspects of e-commerce, specifically consumers’ trust and privacy protection which consequently allows the online sellers to formulate appropriate strategies and actions imperative to serve the online purchasers and target the internet users.

Electronic payment (e-payment) systems literature analysis reveals that they are growing in developing countries; however, they are limited in the Arab countries and, more importantly, scarce in Iraq in particular. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the intention of users to use e-payment systems in Iraq. Additionally, this study proposes an e-payment adoption model based on technology usage models to identify user trends toward e-payment systems.

A quantitative approach is adopted to test the proposed model. The proposed model is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology theory. The proposed model is validated using survey data from 339 e-payment system users. Using Amos software, this study used structural equation modeling (SEM), a statistical technique for analyzing factor relationships.

The findings of the study indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and price saving orientation influence Intention to accept the e-payment system. Similarly, habit, technology security, trust, innovation resistance, psychological empowerment also affect intention to accept an e-payment system. However, hedonic motivation and perceived risk do not affect e-payment system adoption.

The identified factors play a major role in user intentions toward the adoption of e-payment systems for financial transactions and addressing these factors will make e-payment acceptable in the future. The results of this study contribute to assisting governments or e-payment firms and decision-makers in building strategic decisions or policies that will increase the adoption of e-payment by individuals.

This paper explores factors affecting spending behavior of credit card holders in Malaysia. Specifically, variables such as demographic factors, banks’ policies, and credit card holders’ attitudes toward money are examined.

A cross‐sectional survey through the use of a structured questionnaire was administered on 150 credit card holders based on the area sampling and convenience snowball sampling techniques.

The results indicate that age, income, and marital status have significant correlation with credit card holders’ spending behavior. The same goes to two of the three items identified under banks’ policies (benefits given and payment policies) and attitudes toward money (willingness to pay and awareness of the total debt owed). Occupation, qualifications to apply for credit card, and management of income vs expenses are not significantly related to credit card spending behavior among Malaysians.

The study serves as a guide for researchers to extend the research work covering more variables in different economies in light of the low R² value. The small sample size raises the issue of generalizability, which future studies should address.

The results could be used as a guide by emerging market economies or even developed countries where credit card usage is a widespread phenomenon. It also provides insights to the credit card issuing banks in terms of understanding their target consumers, preferences, and the effect of their policies on credit card application and use.

This study sheds light on credit card spending behavior, particularly among Malaysians.

In view of the promising growth of e‐payment in Malaysia, this study aims to discover the factors influencing perception towards electronic payment (e‐payment) from the Malaysian consumers’ perspective.

Literature indicates that factors such as benefits, trust, self‐efficacy, ease of use, and security influence consumers’ perception towards e‐payment. A self‐reporting questionnaire was developed and disseminated to 200 respondents, out of which 183 valid responses were considered for further statistical analysis.

The multiple linear regression results reveal that benefits, self‐efficacy, and ease of use exert significant influences on consumers’ perception towards e‐payment. However, the insignificant results obtained for trust and security warrant further investigation.

This study proposes five factors for measuring consumers’ perception towards e‐payment which is replicable across different economies. However, the small sample size raises the issue of generalizability which future studies should seek to address.

The use of e‐payment by the majority of respondents confirms that there is a great potential for future expansion of such payment devices. The challenge is to ensure that it continues to meet consumers’ expectations which will subsequently lead to its increased adoption and use.

This study has advanced knowledge for it has provided information on the current state of e‐payment acceptance and use, particularly among Malaysians. The significant factors identified are beneficial to the policy maker, banking institutions, online transaction facilities providers, and software developers as they develop strategies directed at increasing e‐payment acceptance and use.

This study aims to empirically investigate the factors that influence consumers' attitudes and intentions to use mobile wallets in the context of Somalia. Additionally, the study examines the role of attitude as a mediator between independent variables and the dependent variable.

A multidisciplinary model is proposed, building on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and other relevant research on factors influencing technology adoption. Data were collected using a questionnaire, and convenience sampling was employed to select the respondents. A total of 321 respondents participated in the survey. Fifteen hypotheses were formulated, and PLS-SEM and SPSS software were used to estimate and test the hypothesized model.

The results show that factors including attitude, lifestyle condition (LC), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) have a direct effect on the intention to use mobile wallets. However, facilitating conditions (FC), quality of internet connection (QIC), security (SEC) and trust do not have a direct effect on mobile wallet adoption. On the other hand, attitude mediates the relationship between facilitating conditions, lifestyle compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, quality of internet connection, security and mobile wallet adoption. Consumer attitude does not mediate the relationship between trust and mobile wallet adoption.

This empirical study was conducted only in Mogadishu, thus limiting its geographic scope. Future research on mobile wallets should consider more cities in Somalia. The data were collected at a specific point in time. Given the rapidly changing rate of mobile wallet usage, a longitudinal study might be warranted. Additionally, other variables such as relative advantage, perceived benefits, risk and additional factors could be considered.

As lifestyle conditions, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness emerged as important constructs for mobile wallet acceptance, there is a need to develop the best ease of use, the most suitable conditions and the highest perceived usefulness. The findings have managerial implications that can help banks providing mobile wallet services to increase the usage and adoption of their services.

Mobile wallets have introduced new digital payment options for consumers while also providing businesses and marketers with enhanced opportunities to promote their products and services online. However, there is limited research on the adoption of mobile wallets in Somalia. This study may be the first in Somalia to investigate mobile wallet adoption with a larger sample size compared to previous studies. It also proposes and validates additional constructs not included in the original model.

This paper aims to consider the question of changes brought to consumers’ trust and security issues by the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in electronic commerce.

Online shopping policies in Poland and Ukraine are compared from the perspective of four factors as follows: application of terms of service and privacy policy, usage of online payment systems, presence in price comparison engines and grade of secure sockets layer security certificates. Comparison is conducted within the framework of three research questions (complemented by eight hypotheses) set to reveal whether: policies of personal data protection and server security for online stores in both countries are the same; all online stores in both countries obey the existing e-commerce rules; e-commerce policies in the two countries differ significantly. The sample for analysis contains 40 Polish and 40 Ukrainian online stores, representing four industries, namely, electronics, entertainment, fashion and goods for children.

The research allowed to reveal major differences in the privacy policy of the two countries, caused, mainly, by the absence of GDPR in Ukraine. It also disclosed much stronger cooperation of online stores and price comparison engines in Poland compared to Ukraine. At the same time, research results allow to state that server security in both countries is on the same rather high level and that online stores use transparent and safe methods of online payment.

This research opens a way to other, expanded observations which will include more countries and larger scopes of data. Its main limitation is that GDPR influence is only studied in two countries, not in all countries where it is implemented.

This research contributes from security and trust perspectives by analyzing the situation in two countries as follows: the EU member (Poland) and a non-EU country (Ukraine). The value of exploring the situation of Ukrainian e-commerce consists of understanding how online stores function without implementing the GDPR. Observation of shopbots application allows drawing an important conclusion of the necessity for online stores to cooperate with such services. It was also revealed that consumers’ trust in both countries depends a lot on the payment methods applied by an online store and on the ease of use of these methods.