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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1997

Michael Tuffrey

This year‐long study has collected such evidence as is available from companies that there is a positive link between corporate community involvement and human resource issues;…

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Abstract

This year‐long study has collected such evidence as is available from companies that there is a positive link between corporate community involvement and human resource issues; and devised new ways to manage, monitor and evaluate community involvement so as to identify and then quantify its impact. The study concentrated on skills development and staff motivation, while also addressing recruitment. It has found firm evidence from both companies and individual employees that community involvement can impact these business issues; however, many of the current evaluation techniques lack rigour and the data are often empirical, not confirmed objectively. Techniques to monitor and evaluate include: a competence matrix to identify specific competences which can be developed and a scoring system to measure the development gain; structured questions for staff attitude surveys, which can contribute to a morale index; various methodologies for cost comparison and cost/benefit analysis to evaluate alternatives; a matrix and scoring system to identify and evaluate the contribution to addressing strategic human resource objectives. Concludes that the contribution from community involvement can be best quantified through balanced business performance measurements that go beyond the bottom line.

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Career Development International, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1362-0436

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Article
Publication date: 6 May 2020

Alice Durrant

In total, 40% of the deaths of patients with learning disabilities have been classed as avoidable, and there is a known increased risk of harm while inpatients in hospital. This…

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Abstract

Purpose

In total, 40% of the deaths of patients with learning disabilities have been classed as avoidable, and there is a known increased risk of harm while inpatients in hospital. This paper aims to look at the current experiences and treatment of people with learning disabilities within a general hospital setting to examine factors that affect their care.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive literature search was conducted of primary research between 2013 and 2019 to evaluate what is known about the quality of care and treatment that learning disabled patients experience within a general hospital.

Findings

The research suggests that people with learning disabilities receive haphazard care in hospital settings, with inconsistent implementation of reasonable adjustments, insufficient arrangements to support family and other carer input, and poor knowledge of learning disability amongst hospital staff.

Originality/value

Previously, reviews focussing on hospital care have mainly focussed on access to health care rather than its delivery. This review has found evidence of significant failings in delivering care to this patient group, identifying a gap of knowledge in this field regardless of policies and laws already in place. There should be stricter monitoring of the Equality Act’s enforcement, along with improved and mandatory training for all general health-care staff. It is crucial that health-care professionals learn from mistakes to improve the care and experiences of learning disabled inpatients.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 28 October 2014

Nick Walsh, Tricia Handley and Ian Hall

The purpose of this paper is to address the serious problems that people with intellectual disability face in getting their healthcare needs met in general hospitals by improving…

783

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address the serious problems that people with intellectual disability face in getting their healthcare needs met in general hospitals by improving the training of general hospital staff.

Design/methodology/approach

Review of recent developments in models of service provision including the development of intellectual disability liaison nurses and the RAID model in liaison psychiatry.

Findings

There is much scope for intellectual disability liaison nurses and liaison psychiatry services to work together in staff training in general hospitals. There is a clear strategic role for both services in convincing the management of general hospitals to implement such training using economic and quality arguments.

Originality/value

The authors suggest a new model of working to improve the healthcare outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities through effective training of staff in general hospitals.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 8 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1282

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2008

Jonathan Michael and Anne Richardson

The Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities reported in July 2008. Based on a public consultation, a review of research and evidence…

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Abstract

The Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities reported in July 2008. Based on a public consultation, a review of research and evidence and the views of witnesses and stakeholders, the Michael Inquiry concluded that there are risks inherent in the care system for people with learning disabilities and that they are largely due to a failure to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to services, as required under the Disability Discrimination Act. The Inquiry found evidence of a significant level of avoidable suffering due to untreated ill‐health, and a high likelihood that avoidable deaths are occurring. Although the report highlights examples of good practice there are some appalling examples of discrimination, abuse and neglect. The article makes ten essential recommendations for urgent change across the whole health system and the Inquiry team report contains practical illustrations of how to implement them.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Publication date: 7 June 2024

Joanna Grace and Melanie Nind

The development of inclusive education, characterised by both universal momentum and geopolitical differences, has largely omitted children and young people with profound…

Abstract

The development of inclusive education, characterised by both universal momentum and geopolitical differences, has largely omitted children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. For this group, access to educational opportunities at all has been slow to be won, and separation for ‘special care’ for their very high support needs is the norm. There have been advances in recognising the human rights and indeed humanity of people with the most profound intellectual disabilities, but the focus of educationalists has often been on how to foster and document fine-grained learning gains and on the specialist nature of the teaching they need. In this chapter, in contrast, the emphasis is on how the spirit of ‘Nothing about us without us’ can extend to children and young people with profound intellectual disabilities such that they are at the heart rather than periphery of the education and research process. The potential for belonging in education and research is illustrated through exploratory work on doing research inclusively with children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in two English special school classes. The starting point is seeking to know them from being with them in a particular way. The knowledge shared in the chapter is a mix of big picture state of the art overview and deep intersubjective knowledge/feeling created together with children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The implications for future research in inclusion include the need to start from a different mindset in which belonging and reciprocity inform an asset-based approach.

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2014

Reza Kiani, Arshya Vahabzadeh, E.A. Hepplewhite, Mizrab Abbas, Tracey Finnamore, Sabyasachi Bhaumik and Daniel Satge

The diagnosis and management of cancer in people with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) are fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to present a case study to…

677

Abstract

Purpose

The diagnosis and management of cancer in people with intellectual disabilities (PWIDs) are fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to present a case study to highlight these difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach

The present case analysis describes the presentation of a 56-year-old man with a profound intellectual disability, who developed recurrent chest infections and died as a result of obstructive pneumonitis.

Findings

Despite a presentation over several years and numerous chest X-rays demonstrating a consistent lung abnormality, it was only on postmortem examination that a right-sided lung carcinoma was detected.

Originality/value

The papers have provided an update on the topic in light of recent legislations and management strategies which need to be applied to clinical practice if any improvement is to happen in the care of PWID.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 29 January 2020

Andrew Maine, Michael Brown and Maria Truesdale

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the extant literature on diabetes in people with learning disabilities (LD) and discuss implications for policy, practice…

663

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the extant literature on diabetes in people with learning disabilities (LD) and discuss implications for policy, practice and research.

Design/methodology/approach

The key findings are extracted from qualitative and quantitative studies and recent systematic literature reviews. These findings are discussed in the areas of prevalence, treatments and implications.

Findings

The complex health needs of people with LDs who are diagnosed or at risk of developing diabetes are gaining wider recognition, and recent studies have begun to implement and evaluate potential solutions. Further analysis and alignment between services is required.

Originality/value

Following a dearth of studies on diabetes in people with LD, the past decade has seen a sudden upsurge in large and diverse set of studies. This paper provides an overview on the extent of this study.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 2 January 2018

Susannah Baines and Chris Hatton

People with learning disabilities are at risk of poor health and premature death. Due to these inequalities, NHS trusts are required to make reasonable adjustments to their care…

344

Abstract

Purpose

People with learning disabilities are at risk of poor health and premature death. Due to these inequalities, NHS trusts are required to make reasonable adjustments to their care, such as longer appointment times, with the legal duty on them being “anticipatory”. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary analysis of CQC acute hospital inspection reports asking the following research questions: Do CQC inspection reports mention people with learning disabilities? Where issues concerning people with learning disabilities are reported in CQC hospital inspection reports, what issues and reasonable adjustments are reported? Are there any relationships between comments made in the inspection reports and CQC ratings of the trusts?

Findings

In total, 29 of the 30 trust-wide inspection reports (97 per cent) and 58 of the 61 specific site reports (95 per cent) included at least one mention of people with learning disability/ies. Most comments about practices for people with learning disabilities were positive across all CQC inspection output types and across all CQC overall ratings, although the proportion of positive comments decreased and the proportion of negative comments increased as CQC ratings became less positive.

Research limitations/implications

Overall the authors found that CQC inspection reports routinely contained some information regarding how well the hospitals were working for people with learning disabilities. The depth of information in reports varied across trusts, with the potential for CQC reports to more consistently report information collected during inspections.

Originality/value

The report updates and extends a report published by the Public Health England Learning Disabilities Observatory in 2015.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 23 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2016

Gyles Glover, Sebastian Fox and Chris Hatton

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of compliance of commissioners and providers of hospital services in England with their duty under equalities legislation to be…

591

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of compliance of commissioners and providers of hospital services in England with their duty under equalities legislation to be aware of patients with intellectual disabilities as a first step to making appropriate provision for their consequent specific needs.

Design/methodology/approach

National survey of healthcare commissioners undertaken as part of an annual learning disabilities services audit.

Findings

In total, 41.4 per cent of local areas were unable to supply information about numbers of people with intellectual disabilities among those admitted to hospital, 46.7 and 48 per cent, respectively, could not supply this information about out-patient and accident and emergency department attenders. Figures supplied by those able to provide data varied very substantially and overall were so low as to suggest considerable numbers had been missed.

Research limitations/implications

The study is testing what local health commissioners are able to find out from hospitals. The authors do not know the accuracy of the data they reported.

Practical implications

The study suggests approaching half of healthcare commissioners in England have little or no information about the extent of proper adjustment of hospital care for people with intellectual disability in their area. Their responsibility to assure this has been repeatedly asserted by government.

Social implications

The study indicates a need for more work to improve hospital care for people with intellectual disabilities.

Originality/value

This was a government sponsored national study to which local healthcare commissioners were expected to contribute.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

Karina Marshall-Tate

The purpose of this paper is to outline a two-year project designed to reduce health inequalities and improve health outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities using health…

294

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to outline a two-year project designed to reduce health inequalities and improve health outcomes of people with intellectual disabilities using health services in South London by raising awareness and increasing health staff confidence and capability.

Design/methodology/approach

The project was conducted in two stages. In stage 1, a mapping exercise was undertaken to establish existing intellectual disabilities education and training availability. In stage 2, a network of stakeholders was formed and education and training materials were developed and delivered.

Findings

A formal evaluation of the project is underway and this paper seeks to share information about the project. That said prima facie data appear to indicate that health staff who attended education and training events learned new knowledge and skills that they could implement in their practice, increasing confidence and capability.

Research limitations/implications

Health staff who attended the events appeared to have an interest in intellectual disabilities and wanted to increase their knowledge and skills base. This means that there is a significant group of health staff that the project was unable to reach or who may not know that they need to know about intellectual disabilities. The results of the project have not yet been formally analysed.

Practical implications

Work-based education and training events can have a positive impact on health staff capability and confidence, however, it would appear that only those who already have an interest in the field or recognise its value to their own practice attend such events. To truly capture all health staff intellectual disabilities needs to be visibly included in all health curricula.

Originality/value

This project has not focussed on one profession or one aspect of healthcare and has embraced the values of inter professional and inter agency learning; this has enabled health staff to learn from each other and think in a “joined up” way replicating the realities of providing healthcare to people with intellectual disabilities.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 10 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1282

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