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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1996

Michael J. Roarty

The creation of the Single Market is changing the direction of trade in the European Union (EU) as member countries become more closely integrated. This has major implications for…

3609

Abstract

The creation of the Single Market is changing the direction of trade in the European Union (EU) as member countries become more closely integrated. This has major implications for trade with the rest of the world and thus the evolution of EU trade policy. Presents empirical evidence to show that the EU became more protectionist during the 1980s, particularly in the sphere of non‐tariff barriers. Discusses a detailed analysis of the factors presently shaping EU trading policy and assesses whether a “fortress Europe” will develop.

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European Business Review, vol. 96 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-534X

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1997

Michael Roarty

Explains the factors that influence corporate behaviour towards the environment. There is a tendency for business to ignore environmental costs in order to reduce production costs…

5614

Abstract

Explains the factors that influence corporate behaviour towards the environment. There is a tendency for business to ignore environmental costs in order to reduce production costs and stay competitive. However, there is a growing trend towards “green” consumerism reflecting the increasing number of consumers who prefer to buy products that satisfy high standards of environmental protection. Consequently, it is becoming profitable to sell “green” products in both the domestic and international markets. The “pull” of the market is reinforced by the “push” resulting from environmental legislation which sets higher standards of environmental quality. A recent survey of business opinion confirms that environmental issues are of growing importance to companies and more than half go beyond the requirements of the law. This suggests that companies are becoming proactive in their management of environmental problems and are beginning to exploit the commercial opportunities that arise from raising environmental standards.

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European Business Review, vol. 97 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-534X

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Article
Publication date: 14 November 2016

Danielle McCluskey, Lay Cheng Lim, Michael McCord and Peadar Thomas Davis

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the changing nature of commercial leases with specific reference to the landlord and tenant relationship, lease lengths and incentivisation…

2464

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the changing nature of commercial leases with specific reference to the landlord and tenant relationship, lease lengths and incentivisation in the post-recessionary UK property market.

Design/methodology/approach

The research applies data analysis utilising the Estates Gazette Interactive database coupled with survey analysis conducted across three UK cities to investigate and compare the changing nature of the commercial property leasing market and the landlord and tenant relationship.

Findings

The empirical analysis highlights that recessionary conditions prevalent in the market from the 2007 global crisis has caused a reassessment of lease structures, leading to shorter lease terms and increased use of incentives, as tenants have been empowered to negotiate more flexible leases due to their stronger market position.

Originality/value

This paper builds upon previous research conducted back in 2005, investigating commercial leases in the market up-cycle. The recent volatility in the commercial property sector requires fresh insights and in-depth analysis of lease patterns, length and covenant strength, which is fundamental for investor decision-making. In addition, past research has tended to consider solely landlord or occupier perspectives, whereas this research offers new insight into the landlord–tenant lease negotiation process.

Details

Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2006

N. Mohan Das Gandhi, V. Selladurai and P. Santhi

Modelling of sustainable development is essential, as environmental protection is regarded as a top global priority in the twenty‐first century. The basic objective of this paper…

9039

Abstract

Purpose

Modelling of sustainable development is essential, as environmental protection is regarded as a top global priority in the twenty‐first century. The basic objective of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework, named the Four Forces model for diagnosing the process of sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

Michael Porter's Five Forces model serves as a starting‐point to derive the Four Forces model. The Four Forces model, which is developed based on Back Casting technique, shows the transformation process from current unsustainable development to future sustainable development through environmental degradation, greening force and greening process. These five major components are related based on cause and effect.

Findings

The paper reveals that a clear understanding of the transformation process and their integration is necessary for successful implementation of sustainable development projects, as the transformation is a continuous process. The Four Forces model is a generic and contribute towards a richer understanding of sustainable development process.

Research limitations/implications

The suggested conceptual model provides a holistic view of sustainable development and does not attempt to provide a detailed, step‐by‐step approach for implementing sustainable development in industries. This paper helps to initiate future studies in this area.

Originality/value

In line with Michael Porter's three generic competitive strategies, this study analysis various greening strategies and greening tools and also recommends the Green Productivity as a better tool for implementing sustainable development in industries. The model can be used as a framework for further development of a practical sustainable development system in industries.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 17 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

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Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 1 February 2003

Craig Watkins and Michael White

500

Abstract

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Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2001

Michael Evans, Nick French and Brenna O’Roarty

Discusses the role of property within corporate organisations and, in particular, discusses the impact of real estate on the balance sheet of UK‐based corporate businesses. Also…

1685

Abstract

Discusses the role of property within corporate organisations and, in particular, discusses the impact of real estate on the balance sheet of UK‐based corporate businesses. Also explains how new and proposed provisions from the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) may affect the way in which property is held and managed in the future. Considers the proposed changes from the viewpoint of the property professional and from an accountancy perspective. Concludes that, in the future, management will be required to apply a greater focus on their property portfolio in order to meet the relevant accounting standards.

Details

Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

Fernando de Zúñiga

Purpose – This paper intends to respond the question that comes up to CRE managers when they consider the outsourcing technique for their CRE management and portfolio. The…

1081

Abstract

Purpose – This paper intends to respond the question that comes up to CRE managers when they consider the outsourcing technique for their CRE management and portfolio. The question, if it is possible to capture in the outsourcing contract sufficient flexibility to meet the changing needs of the business and add value, addresses the existing debate on flexibility arguing the suitability of the outsourcing structures for corporates portfolio. Design/methodology/approach – The paper undertakes a methodological analysis, considering the main outsourcing deals in the UK and continental Europe and discussing the main theories on management outsourcing. Theories of flexibility of CRE portfolios are considered and the main characteristics of the new REPs discussed. Findings – The paper finds that it is possible to capture in the outsourcing contract sufficient flexibility to meet the changing needs of the business and add value because a contract can capture all the flexibility desired and iit would add value as the properties would be used efficiently. Two outsourcing contracts in the UK are explained in two case studies, which support this. Originality/value – The paper suggests methods to outsource CRE portfolios and obtain adequate flexibility to add value to shareholders.

Details

Journal of Corporate Real Estate, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-001X

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2006

Suku Bhaskaran, Michael Polonsky, John Cary and Shadwell Fernandez

To identify and analyse the beliefs of value‐chain intermediaries regarding the production and marketing of food products conforming to environmentally sustainable standards.

12548

Abstract

Purpose

To identify and analyse the beliefs of value‐chain intermediaries regarding the production and marketing of food products conforming to environmentally sustainable standards.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology was in‐depth, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with senior managers of food companies across the value chain.

Findings

In Australia, the demand for foods that are produced under environmentally sustainable standards has been slow to take‐off because customers do not perceive these products as offering any special benefits; customers distrust the claims made by organisations; these products are much more expensive than traditional products, and the implementation of environmental standards is expensive. Customers claim that the use of different terminologies such as organic, green and environmentally friendly in promoting food products is confusing.

Research limitations/implications

Findings are not generalisable because the study is based on a small sample.

Practical implications

Value‐chain intermediaries are unlikely to voluntarily adopt environmental standards because of low demand for such foods and the high costs of adopting and monitoring environmentally sustainable production and marketing regimes.

Originality/value

The story supports previous research findings from the USA and EU.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 108 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2017

Braam Lowies, Christa Viljoen and Stanley McGreal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of property investors of the risks and returns associated with property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle. The…

942

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of property investors of the risks and returns associated with property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle. The study contributes to the understanding of alternative property investment vehicles and how it is perceived by investors.

Design/methodology/approach

The study focusses on investor perceptions in using property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle and follows a survey-based design. A questionnaire was finalised after the completion of a pilot study and was distributed to existing property crowdfunding investors via email. Inferential statistical measures were used.

Findings

The results show, to an extent, similarities to general equity-based crowdfunding studies. However, the uniqueness of property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle may explain the insignificance of the results when related to other studies. Overall, the property crowdfunding investor seems to present cautious behaviour with a conservative perception of property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle.

Practical implications

It is recommended that property crowdfunding platforms present prospective investors with more formal regulation of the property crowdfunding industry. Such a regulatory framework may lessen the current level of uncertainty presented by investors.

Originality/value

The study enhances the understanding of the role of property crowdfunding as an alternative investment vehicle in Australia. More importantly, it went some way towards enhancing the understanding of how investors perceive and behave vis-à-vis property crowdfunding as an investment vehicle.

Details

Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, vol. 22 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1366-4387

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