Jody Heymann, Bijetri Bose, Willetta Waisath, Amy Raub and Michael McCormack
There is substantial evidence of discrimination at work across countries and powerful evidence that antidiscrimination laws can make a difference. This study examines the extent…
Abstract
Purpose
There is substantial evidence of discrimination at work across countries and powerful evidence that antidiscrimination laws can make a difference. This study examines the extent of protections from discrimination at work in countries around the world and which groups were best covered.
Design/methodology/approach
This study assesses legal protections in hiring, pay, promotions/demotions, terminations and harassment for 13 different groups across 193 countries using a database the authors created based on analysis of labor codes, antidiscrimination legislation, equal opportunity legislation and penal codes. Differences in levels of protection were examined across social groups and areas of work, as well as by country income level using Chi-square tests.
Findings
Protection from gender and racial/ethnic discrimination at work was the most common, and protection across migrant status, foreign national origin, sexual orientation and gender identity was among the least. For all groups, discrimination was more often prohibited in hiring than in promotion/demotion. There was inconsistent protection from harassment and retaliation.
Research limitations/implications
Addressing discrimination at work will require a broad range of synergistic approaches including guaranteeing equal legal rights, implementation and enforcement of laws and norm change. This study highlights where legislative progress has been made and where major gaps remain.
Originality/value
This article presents findings from an original database containing the first data on laws to prevent discrimination in the workplace in all 193 countries around the world. The study analyzes legal protections for a wide range of groups and considers a full range of workplace protections.
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This chapter examines narratives and representations of rural Australia deployed by political actors. At both federal and state levels in Australia, political parties tend to…
Abstract
This chapter examines narratives and representations of rural Australia deployed by political actors. At both federal and state levels in Australia, political parties tend to focus their attention on metropolitan electorates in their public discussions, particularly during election campaigns. This has led to accusations from minor parties and independents that rural areas are ignored by governments based in capital cities. The Nationals, for example, presents itself as the party whose primary motivation is to protect the interests of rural voters. Rural sites are political spaces shaped by particular types of narrative and rhetoric. Engaging with how the ‘rural’ is represented through rhetoric and image is useful for understanding how crime is positioned. This chapter uses rhetorical political analysis and representation to understand how political ideas about rurality are expressed through language and imagery. The political context outlined in this chapter is one factor that affects the nature and complexities of rural crime and responses to it. Rural Australia is at its own political crossroad, reflected in the emergence of competing narratives for the bush, defined here as a contest between ‘rural centrism’ and ‘rural populism’.
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AUSTRALIA: New law could see projects cancelled
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES254921
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The Interboard Administrative Commercial and Clerical Training Liaison Group was formed in 1977 under the sponsorship of the Training Services Division of the MSC. Its membership…
Abstract
The Interboard Administrative Commercial and Clerical Training Liaison Group was formed in 1977 under the sponsorship of the Training Services Division of the MSC. Its membership was not only from Industry Training Boards but also from organisations such as British Rail, British Gas, Insurance Industry Training Council, and Electricity Supply Industry Training Committee. Its terms of reference were to provide a forum for communication, discussion and liaison on administrative, commercial and clerical training; to maintain links with professional and educational bodies; to identify areas of need in administrative, commercial and clerical training; where a number of members had an interest, to establish a Working Group to investigate and determine further action. The long term objectives were to establish areas of common interest, and to draw up an annual operational plan for the liaison group. This has usually included a number of one‐day workshops and an annual conference.
Aleta Sprague, Amy Raub and Jody Heymann
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, the economic and health consequences are disproportionately affecting marginalized workers. However, countries' existing…
Abstract
Purpose
As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, the economic and health consequences are disproportionately affecting marginalized workers. However, countries' existing labor and social security laws often exclude the most vulnerable workers from coverage, exacerbating existing inequalities. Guaranteeing the rights to adequate income even when ill, decent working conditions and nondiscrimination in constitutions may provide a foundation for protecting rights universally, safeguarding against counterproductive austerity measures, and providing a normative foundation for equality and inclusion as economies recover. The purpose of this article is to examine the prevalence of these rights globally and assess some of their early impacts amid the pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors created and analyzed a database of constitutional rights for all 193 United Nations member states. All constitutions were double coded by an international multidisciplinary, multilingual team of researchers.
Findings
This study finds that 54% of countries take some approach to guaranteeing income security in their constitutions, including 23% that guarantee income security during illness. Thirty-one percent guarantee the right to safe working conditions. Only 36% of constitutions explicitly guarantee at least some aspect of nondiscrimination at work. With respect to equal rights broadly, constitutional protections are most common on the basis of sex (85%), followed by religion (78%), race/ethnicity (76%), socioeconomic status (59%), disability (27%), citizenship (22%), sexual orientation (5%) and gender identity (3%). Across almost all areas, protections for rights are far more common in constitutions adopted more recently.
Originality/value
This is the first study to systematically examine protections for income security and decent work, together with nondiscrimination, in the constitutions of all 193 UN member states.
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Afwan Abdul Wahab, Calvin Har, Sarah Casey, Hugh Ramsay, Brendan McCormack, Niamh Mulryan, Anita Ambikapathy and Anthony Kearns
The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of all the referrals to the forensic MHIDD service over the past five years and to compare these characteristics to the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics of all the referrals to the forensic MHIDD service over the past five years and to compare these characteristics to the cohort of service users attending the three general MHID services based in Dublin which are Service 1, Service 2 and Service 3.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a cross-sectional study of adults attending the three generic MHID services and the national forensic MHIDD service. The medical files of service users attending the MHID services were reviewed, and data such as age, gender, level of intellectual disability and psychiatric diagnoses were extracted and compiled into a database. The forensic MHIDD service has since its inception maintained a database of all referrals received and reviewed. The characteristics data needed were extracted from the forensic MHIDD database. All these data were then analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Findings
The majority of the three MHID service users were in the moderate to profound range of intellectual disability, while the majority of the cases assessed by forensic MHIDD had normal IQ, borderline IQ and mild intellectual disability with 66.1%. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorder, schizophrenia and emotionally unstable personality disorder in the forensic MHIDD is comparable to the three MHID services. The prevalence of depression, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is higher in the three MHID services than in the forensic MHIDD service.
Originality/value
The FHMIDD received referrals at a greater level of overall ability, with two-thirds of the service users having mild intellectual disability to normal IQ. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorder such as ASD and schizophrenia is comparable between the forensic MHIDD and the three MHID services. There is a higher prevalence of depression, BPAD, anxiety disorder and OCD in the three MHID services as compared to the forensic MHIDD service.
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For their part, GSE went into 2002 with a vision of how they saw the year unfolding. 2002 would see the holding of a general election, and the momentum of GSE's petition gathering…
Abstract
For their part, GSE went into 2002 with a vision of how they saw the year unfolding. 2002 would see the holding of a general election, and the momentum of GSE's petition gathering and public meetings could be utilised in an attempt to politicise the incineration issue as part of the overall election campaign. The shifting dynamic of the political opportunity structure surrounding the incineration issue had seen GSE and their local political allies losing momentum, due to the removal of the councillors’ powers on the waste issue. However, the response of a public now concerned at this perceived undermining of democracy allowed GSE to extend their democratic deficit frame.
Kayvan Miri-Lavassani and Bahar Movahedi
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which various dimensions of supply chain performance (SCP) can be improved through increased levels of process orientation…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which various dimensions of supply chain performance (SCP) can be improved through increased levels of process orientation across different core operational processes. This study aims to provide simple guidelines which are practical for business managers.
Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model was developed based on the literature review and it was tested using an empirical study. Various factor analysis techniques are used to construct different components of the research model and test the hypotheses.
Findings
This study provides two main categories of findings. First, based on the exploratory analysis several constructs were developed. Second, using structural equation modeling the relationships among the constructs were examined. The findings suggest that managers need to take a targeted approach in increasing the levels of process orientation in order to achieve particular SCP goals.
Research limitations/implications
The result of this study is not indented to be generalized to all businesses; however, the methodology is flexible enough to be utilized in different industries and business scenarios.
Practical implications
The present study provides specific recommendations for business managers seeking to enhance various aspects of their organizational SCP. The research model can be used for future empirical as well as case studies.
Originality/value
This is the first comprehensive empirical study that separately measures business process orientation with respect to four core supply chain processes (planning, sourcing, making, and delivering) and assesses the impact of each core process on various dimensions of supply chain performance.
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Michael E. McGrath and Michael N. Romeri
Measuring the overall success of product development efforts hasbeen frustrating because there is no generally recognized metric tomeasure effectiveness. The R&D Effectiveness…
Abstract
Measuring the overall success of product development efforts has been frustrating because there is no generally recognized metric to measure effectiveness. The R&D Effectiveness Index is introduced to address this need. It measures effectiveness by comparing the profit from new products to the investment in new product development. Provides the details for calculating the index along with alternative interpretations. Finds a strong relationship between the R&D Effectiveness Index and other performance factors and argues that the R&D Effectiveness Index can be used to compare performance, measure improvement, and evalute business units. Illustrates its application in a case study.
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Michael Leyer, Ann-Kathrin Hirzel and Juergen Moormann
Process-oriented behavior is a prerequisite for transforming a company into a process-oriented organization, but is difficult to achieve among employees. The purpose of this paper…
Abstract
Purpose
Process-oriented behavior is a prerequisite for transforming a company into a process-oriented organization, but is difficult to achieve among employees. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of role plays on adapting process-oriented behavior in daily work practices.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the theory of cognitive dissonance, the authors investigate whether role plays are an effective learning method. This study was conducted over a period of two years and included 212 participants of a financial services provider.
Findings
The results reveal that the role play used had a persistent impact on employees’ process-oriented behavior in terms of their process knowledge, their cross-functional coordination, and their continuous process reflection, but not on their process awareness. Thus, the authors conclude that despite high application costs, role plays are beneficial for financial services companies to train their employees.
Research limitations/implications
While the data stem from participants within one financial service provider only, this study contributes to the understanding how process-oriented behavior can be promoted sustainably in organizations.
Practical implications
The results indicate that companies aiming for process orientation should apply role plays to achieve a change in behavior of employees.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the understanding of role plays as an effective learning method to adopt process-oriented behavior.