Michael E. Ricco and Patrik Hultberg
The dilemma down under is a two-party distributive negotiation with integrative potential. A large airline, Transpacific Airlines (TPA), created an internal tour operator brand…
Abstract
Synopsis
The dilemma down under is a two-party distributive negotiation with integrative potential. A large airline, Transpacific Airlines (TPA), created an internal tour operator brand named Transpacific Vacations as a separate profit center. After licensing its brand to Global Tour Services and establishing operations in the UK, negotiations to take over the internal tour operations of TPA-Australia are about to begin. The case involves the negotiation between Mr Edwards, representative of GTS, and Ms Bentley, representative of TPA-Australia.
Research methodology
The dilemma down under is based on a real negotiation with altered names and facts. All names of companies have been changed. All names of protagonists have been changed. The year of the case has also been altered. The case was created after an extensive interview with an individual engaged in the actual negotiation.
Relevant courses and levels
Students in courses related to negotiation and/or decision making. The case also works in international management/strategy courses where students are asked to apply market entry mode decisions along with the accompanying negotiations. The case is most appropriate for undergraduate courses, but can be used for graduate courses. The case can easily be used with common negotiation textbooks, such as Negotiation, 7th edition by Lewicki et al. (2014).
Theoretical bases
The exercise will be able to reinforce basic distributive negotiation concepts, including identifying issues, positions, interests, alternatives to a negotiated agreement, reservation (resistance) points, target (aspiration) points and opening bids, while at the same time challenge students to look for integrative potential among and across the issues. The case also provides an opportunity to explore the connection between negotiation and international market entry choice.
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This study investigates the impact of residential type and neighborhood security on public trust in the police in Ghana, while controlling for demographic factors and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the impact of residential type and neighborhood security on public trust in the police in Ghana, while controlling for demographic factors and police-related variables.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected during the ninth round of the Afro-Barometer survey conducted in Ghana between 2019 and 2021 with a sample size of 2,369 participants. The study employed binary logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between the independent variables (residential type and neighborhood security) and the dependent variable (trust in the police).
Findings
The results indicate that living in traditional housing is associated with lower levels of trust in the police compared with other residential types. Unexpectedly, neighborhood security did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor of police trust. However, police corruption and the use of force were negatively associated with trust, whereas police professionalism positively predicted trust. Interestingly, unnecessary police stops were positively associated with trust, possibly reflecting a complex relationship between police visibility and public perceptions. This study also revealed ethnic and regional variations in police trust, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive policing approaches.
Originality/value
This study stands out in three key aspects. First, it represents one of the first attempts to examine how residential type and neighborhood security influence public trust in law enforcement agencies in Ghana. Second, this study is among the few to investigate the relationship between neighborhood conditions and trust in police using a sample that is representative of the entire nation. Finally, these findings contribute to the understanding of the multifaceted nature of public trust in the police within the Ghanaian context and offer insights for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to enhance police-community relations.
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Katherine Campbell, Dee Ann Ellingson and Jane M. Weiss
The theoretical basis for the case is information asymmetry and signaling theory, with buybacks providing a mechanism for reducing information asymmetry between management and…
Abstract
Theoretical Basis
The theoretical basis for the case is information asymmetry and signaling theory, with buybacks providing a mechanism for reducing information asymmetry between management and investors. The controversy surrounding buybacks has led to political and regulatory scrutiny, which, consistent with evidence from academic research, may affect corporate behavior.
Research methodology
The compact case is based on secondary, public information about stock buybacks. All sources used are cited in-text, with full citations included in the references section at the end of the teaching note.
Case Overview/Synopsis
Stock buybacks, a means of providing returns to shareholders, have recently received increased scrutiny by politicians, media and shareholder activists. Proponents have argued that buybacks result in efficient allocation of capital by returning funds to shareholders, whereas opponents have criticized buybacks for enriching executives, providing tax advantages to shareholders and contributing to income inequality. Corporations did not curtail their use of buybacks after the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposed an excise tax. The case frames the buyback debate in current events and focuses on the buyback activity of Apple. The case provides students the opportunity to analyze alternative ways that companies can provide returns to shareholders, evaluate impacts of buybacks on corporate stakeholders and appraise the reasons for, and implications of, current controversy regarding buybacks.
Complexity/Academic Level
This compact case is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate or graduate courses in financial accounting, tax and finance. This case provides an opportunity to analyze and evaluate stock buyback decisions in the context of the current controversy related to buybacks.
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Rosemond Desir, Patricia A. Ryan and Lumina Albert
The study aims to investigate market reactions associated with the JUST 100 rankings published by JUST Capital, a non-profit organization, as well as differences in financial…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to investigate market reactions associated with the JUST 100 rankings published by JUST Capital, a non-profit organization, as well as differences in financial reporting quality and performance between selected firms and their industry peers.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a sample of 431 firms selected as the 100 America’s Most Just Companies between 2016 and 2020 by JUST Capital. This study performs both an event study to determine whether the rankings are useful to investors and cross-sectional regression analyses on the characteristics of selected firms compared to their peers.
Findings
This study finds that investors react positively to selected firms around the time of the release of the JUST 100 rankings, suggesting that the rankings are decision-useful. This study also finds that selected firms exhibit higher accounting quality and financial performance than their peers.
Research limitations/implications
Rankings may not be free from bias because of JUST Capital’s ownership of an exchange-traded fund.
Social implications
The findings validate the rankings as well as the methodology used by JUST Capital, as they show market participants value firms that engage in socially responsible actions through their commitment to positively impact five key stakeholder groups: employees, customers, communities, environment and shareholders.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that shows the importance of the JUST 100 rankings for investment decisions. Considering the growing push for companies to disclose environmental, social and governance (ESG) activities, this study provides evidence to support ESG disclosure regulations.
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Faguo Liu, Qian Zhang, Tao Yan, Bin Wang, Ying Gao, Jiaqi Hou and Feiniu Yuan
Light field images (LFIs) have gained popularity as a technology to increase the field of view (FoV) of plenoptic cameras since they can capture information about light rays with…
Abstract
Purpose
Light field images (LFIs) have gained popularity as a technology to increase the field of view (FoV) of plenoptic cameras since they can capture information about light rays with a large FoV. Wide FoV causes light field (LF) data to increase rapidly, which restricts the use of LF imaging in image processing, visual analysis and user interface. Effective LFI coding methods become of paramount importance. This paper aims to eliminate more redundancy by exploring sparsity and correlation in the angular domain of LFIs, as well as mitigate the loss of perceptual quality of LFIs caused by encoding.
Design/methodology/approach
This work proposes a new efficient LF coding framework. On the coding side, a new sampling scheme and a hierarchical prediction structure are used to eliminate redundancy in the LFI's angular and spatial domains. At the decoding side, high-quality dense LF is reconstructed using a view synthesis method based on the residual channel attention network (RCAN).
Findings
In three different LF datasets, our proposed coding framework not only reduces the transmitted bit rate but also maintains a higher view quality than the current more advanced methods.
Originality/value
(1) A new sampling scheme is designed to synthesize high-quality LFIs while better ensuring LF angular domain sparsity. (2) To further eliminate redundancy in the spatial domain, new ranking schemes and hierarchical prediction structures are designed. (3) A synthetic network based on RCAN and a novel loss function is designed to mitigate the perceptual quality loss due to the coding process.