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Article
Publication date: 18 April 2017

Michael Carney, Marc Van Essen, Saul Estrin and Daniel Shapiro

The purpose of this paper is to examine two prominent perspectives on business group functioning, institutional void (IV) and entrenchment/exploitation (EE), that make different…

342

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine two prominent perspectives on business group functioning, institutional void (IV) and entrenchment/exploitation (EE), that make different predictions about the effect of business group (BG) on the economy. The authors examine the effects of BG prevalence in an economy and its effect on macroeconomic outcomes including foreign direct inward and outward investment, innovation and development of the financial sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors build a unique database by extracting estimates of BG prevalence for multiple countries between 1978 and 2012 from the existing literature and use this to test conflicting predictions derived from the IV and EE perspectives, respectively.

Findings

The authors find no consistent evidence that BG prevalence diminishes over time with economic development as IVs diminish, which is predicted by the IV perspective. Instead, the long-term persistence of BGs in many countries appears to be more consistent with the EE perspective. However, this study also finds no support for the perspective that high levels of BG prevalence are negatively associated with country-level indicators and determinants of economic development and competitiveness, as suggested by that perspective.

Originality/value

The authors conclude that there is no robust support for either the IV or the EE perspective and highlight the need for more contextualized theorizing about the evolution of BGs.

Details

Multinational Business Review, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1525-383X

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Article
Publication date: 6 October 2021

Michael Carney, Saul Estrin, Zhixiang Liang and Daniel Shapiro

This study aims to advance an international political economy (IPE) perspective that geo-political events can have long-lasting imprint effects on countries and their firms. The…

313

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to advance an international political economy (IPE) perspective that geo-political events can have long-lasting imprint effects on countries and their firms. The study also aims to explore the idea that shared political history and geography combine to create specific structural conditions that shape the international competitiveness of all firms in a region. In particular, the authors consider whether the Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which asserted American influence in the Western Hemisphere, contributed to the creation of institutional structures across Latin America (LA) affecting the strategies of all firms to this day. The authors also illustrate the IPE perspective using the example of the contemporary international competitiveness of LA business groups.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors illustrate the IPE perspective using the example of the contemporary international competitiveness of LA business groups. The exploratory framework of this study leads to a proposition about the export performance of Latin American business group affiliates. The authors use firm-level performance data for 32,000 firms across emerging economies to explore the proposition empirically while controlling for alternative explanations. To do this, the authors draw on the World Bank Economic Surveys.

Findings

The authors derive a proposition that argues the Monroe Doctrine has had a long-run imprint effect on economic policymaking in LA, resulting in a common, persistent and negative impact on the international competitiveness of firms. The authors find strong and consistent evidence that in terms of export performance, all Latin American firms export less and group affiliates do not outperform independent firms, This finding contrasts with the results for all the other emerging market regions around the world.

Research limitations/implications

The main contribution of this study has been to suggest the potential importance of shared regional geopolitical history and geography in explaining firm-level outcomes. However, this study is preliminary and introductory, although the authors seek to control for alternative country-specific explanations of the results. The analysis considers the effects of one particular IPE phenomenon, the Monroe Doctrine, in one particular location: LA. Future work should seek to contrast LA with other geopolitical security and alternative IPE structures. They might also address the time dimension from a historical perspective: is imprinting in LA driven by the length of the Monroe Doctrine arrangements?

Practical implications

The most important managerial learning point concerns the relevance of geography and political economy factors for multinational enterprises strategy formation. There is widespread understanding that context is an important determinant of subsidiaries’ performance, and that strategies need to be constructed to take account of country-specific characteristics, most importantly, in emerging economies and institutional arrangements. This paper proposes that managers also need to take account of IPE structures, including security arrangements, and to consider the resulting regional as well as national context.

Social implications

The analysis suggests that not only the performance of firms, including emblematic firms, but also the socially beneficial spillovers that might be generated from them, are contingent on the regional as well as national characteristics. Thus, business groups in most emerging economies are found to yield better performance and to provide higher levels of social impact, including concerning ESG goals. However, the findings of this study suggest that the former is not true for LA, which, the authors argue, is a consequence of imprinting as a result of the Monroe Doctrine. Further work is needed to establish whether the latter effect is also not true, but if that is the case, then regionally specific policies may be required to address the resulting corporate social shortfalls.

Originality/value

The core idea is that geo-political events can have long-lasting imprint effects on countries and their firms: that shared political history and geography create specific structural conditions that shape the international competitiveness of all firms in a region. The authors explore this concept with reference to the Monroe Doctrine, asking whether its assertion of US influence across the Americas contributed to the creation of institutional structures across LA affecting the strategies of all firms to this day.

Details

Multinational Business Review, vol. 30 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1525-383X

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Article
Publication date: 1 November 2006

Stewart Early

Most strategists would likely agree with the statement that company boards need to have a good understanding of corporate and business unit strategy in order to contribute to and

1217

Abstract

Purpose

Most strategists would likely agree with the statement that company boards need to have a good understanding of corporate and business unit strategy in order to contribute to and oversee decision making. Recent McKinsey research suggests, however, that a majority of senior executives do not believe the board members adequately understand company strategy. This paper aims to investigate what is the best way to educate a board so it will be knowledgeable about strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper compares and contrasts two sets of best practices for educating a board so that its members can add greater value to strategy making – advice in the current McKinsey Quarterly and that of David Nadler, author of Building Better Boards.

Findings

The paper concluded that the prescriptions of the McKinsey authors Dennis Carney and Michael Patsalos‐Fox are helpful, but consultant David Nadler offers a more comprehensive explanation in Building Better Boards.

Practical implications

Some key practices worth considering: raise strategy's profile in board work. Surprisingly no US company has a board committee devoted to the formulation and review of strategy; populate the board with at least three to four members who have industry expertise in the core business and market conditions the company faces; and reform board processes. To keep pace with change, CEOs should lead regular strategy updates at least every other board meeting.

Originality/value

By synthesizing the practical suggestions from the two sources, companies can put together a package of best practices.

Details

Strategy & Leadership, vol. 34 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1087-8572

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Article
Publication date: 22 June 2012

Baker Ahmad Alserhan and Zeid Ahmad Alserhan

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether Muslim consumers qualify as a homogenous billion-consumer group and, if they do, ask if they have been researched adequately in…

1656

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether Muslim consumers qualify as a homogenous billion-consumer group and, if they do, ask if they have been researched adequately in comparison to the other established, three-billion consumer groups: China, India, and women.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of articles and conference papers in the field of Islamic marketing was used to indicate the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the Muslim consumer group. This was followed by counting all of the articles that have been published in marketing journals listed in Business Source Premier database which are related to the consumer groups mentioned above.

Findings

The article review revealed a near consensus on the homogeneity of the Muslim consumer group. Moreover, the article count revealed that the Muslim consumer segment is under-researched in comparison to all the other major consumer groups. Finally, it was found that only six of the high-ranking Marketing journals ranked within the top ten marketing journals published articles on one or more of the four segments identified in this study. The leading journals were clearly the Journal of International Marketing and the Journal of Industrial Marketing Management, publishing 50 and 49 articles, respectively, a number unmatched by any other high-ranking journal.

Originality/value

This is the first study of its kind that presents empirical evidence about the amount of research Muslim consumers received within the last eight decades.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2013

David Ahlstrom, Garry D. Bruton and Li Zhao

The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic list of items that many standard empirical papers need and to highlight some common and fixable problems, as well as some…

829

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic list of items that many standard empirical papers need and to highlight some common and fixable problems, as well as some corresponding suggestions and solutions such that authors can turn good research into good papers that have an improved chance of publication.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a conceptual study on publishing, though it draws heavily on two of the authors' experience as editors of major management journals and their past work on paper organization and research design. A number of helpful resources for authors have also been provided from the academic literature – both journals and books – so that this paper can be a helpful resource to authors in organizing and preparing their work to submit to an appropriate journal.

Findings

This paper's findings are listed as follows. First, prospective authors will gain a much clearer understanding of whether a journal is an appropriate outlet for their work by reading the journal's aims and scope. Second, a good Introduction is a crucial element of a paper and must contain key basic information such as the research question (or thesis statement), a mini‐literature review that situates the paper in past work, a quick summary of results, and the paper's contributions. Third, in the Literature Review or Theory section, it is important to review the development of the more relevant literature in the chosen topic, the key empirical or case findings, and why the focal paper seeks to enter the field at this time. Fourth, in the Method section, authors should try to provide as much helpful descriptive data as space permits. Fifth, in the Results section, authors should present the results for each hypotheses one by one, but limit the discussion in that section to the results and some brief explanation. Additionally, the Discussion section should have four parts including the contributions, limitations of the research, future research, and any other unusual findings. Finally, many papers suffer from formatting problems or do not fit the aims and scope of the target journal. Authors should be careful to check on these issues before submission.

Originality/value

This paper is complementary to works on methods and research design in that it helps authors with the important step of organizing their papers to turn good research into good manuscripts with a better chance of publication.

Details

Nankai Business Review International, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8749

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 October 2016

Nancy Carney, Michael Jensen, Nicolas Ballarini, Jeronima Echeverria, Tracie Nettleton, Molly Stillwell and Werner Erhard

This pilot is a pre/post comparative assessment of a leadership course developed and delivered using an innovative, ontological/phenomenological model of education. Participants…

49

Abstract

This pilot is a pre/post comparative assessment of a leadership course developed and delivered using an innovative, ontological/phenomenological model of education. Participants in the course delivered in Singapore in July of 2014 provided measures of the effectiveness of their leadership before and after the course, using a scale from 1 (least effective) to 10 (most effective). The difference in scores from pre- to post-course was the unit of measure. Of 167 participants, 72% provided pre- and post-course measures. Average scores forparticipants’ effectiveness as leaders in the domains of Relationships, Vocation, Avocation, and Self increased from pre- to post-course by 1.9, 1.86, 1.64, and 1.85 respectively (p < 0.0001). Future research of this innovative model of leadership education will include long-term follow-up.

Details

Journal of Leadership Education, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1552-9045

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 January 2021

Michael W. Everett, Crystal L. Eustice, Aaron J. McKim and Matt R. Raven

Colleges of agriculture throughout the United States place an emphasis on leadership courses where undergraduates develop professional skills. Students entering colleges of…

58

Abstract

Colleges of agriculture throughout the United States place an emphasis on leadership courses where undergraduates develop professional skills. Students entering colleges of agriculture experience varied training in terms of leadership and associated skills. However, it is not understood how this leadership training relates to having more power and control while being happy, intrinsically motivated, and engaged in learning. Socio- Psychological measures of flow and power pose during an undergraduate leadership course were used to determine associations of undergraduates within different domains of learning. This study determined associations between: 1) flow and power pose during leadership course activities; 2) happiness, intrinsic motivation, and engagement in learning; and 3) learning experiences where flow and power pose associations existed. There were positive associations between flow and power pose experiences among students in an undergraduate leadership course. Additionally, there were positive associations between power pose and Flow Theory related to constructs of happiness, intrinsic motivation, and engagement of undergraduate leadership students. Power pose and the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) were used determine flow associations of undergraduate students in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains of learning. This research provides a framework for future socio-psychological studies.

Details

Journal of Leadership Education, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1552-9045

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Article
Publication date: 15 May 2009

Michael R. Braun and Scott F. Latham

This paper seeks to give consideration to the family imprint on governance in the context of firms experiencing economic recession. It aims to rely on agency and stewardship…

1444

Abstract

Purpose

This paper seeks to give consideration to the family imprint on governance in the context of firms experiencing economic recession. It aims to rely on agency and stewardship theories to empirically examine the relationship between CEO duality and slack resources on family firm performance during economic recession.

Design/methodology/approach

Trend analyses were used employing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to evaluate the influence of duality and slack resources on the performance of 75 family‐controlled public firms (FCPFs) during the 2001‐2002 US economic recession and recovery.

Findings

The results indicate that duality and slack by themselves do not influence firm performance. However, family firms with a combined CEO‐chair and ample slack resources experience enhanced performance both at the onset of recession and at its conclusion. The findings suggest that a unified leadership and access to slack provide the family with the means to weather economic hardship. The paper makes the case that the stewardship afforded by this combination provides clear benefits to outside shareholders.

Practical implications

The absolute leadership and decision‐making control afforded to a CEO‐chair who also holds the reins over firm resources helps to favorably position the business and ease its course through difficult times. The results of this paper suggest that what is good for the family may also be good for other stakeholders in the firm, in this case non‐family shareholders.

Originality/value

With this study, attention is drawn to the governance of family businesses during times of economic duress. To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the only empirical investigation into family firm governance within this unique, albeit prevalent context.

Details

Journal of Strategy and Management, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-425X

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Article
Publication date: 8 March 2011

Kelly S. Carney, Omar Hatamleh, James Smith, Thomas Matrka, Amos Gilat, Michael Hill and Chanh Truong

The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical framework for predicting the residual stresses that result from the laser shock peening of a friction stir‐welded 2195…

853

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical framework for predicting the residual stresses that result from the laser shock peening of a friction stir‐welded 2195 aluminum alloy sample, using the finite element software LS‐DYNA.

Design/methodology/approach

The pressures resulting from the laser peening are directly applied in an explicit transient analysis as forces. At the completion of the transient analysis, an implicit springback analysis is performed to determine the final residual stresses. This cycle is repeated for the appropriate number of peen applications, including the appropriate overlap of application areas. To validate the analytical framework, a comparison of residual stresses between analysis and a test specimen is made using laser‐peened base material which was not friction stir‐welded. Friction stir welding (FSW) causes residual stresses and material property variations. In this work, the varying material properties regions are simplified and defined as discrete, separate materials. The residual stresses resulting from the welding are introduced directly as initial conditions in the peening transient analysis and so are combined within the analysis with the residual stresses from the peening.

Findings

Comparisons made between the experimental and analytical residual stresses are generally favorable.

Originality/value

Analysis of the laser shock peening of FSW has not been accomplished previously.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

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Article
Publication date: 10 June 2020

Brendan O'Dwyer and Jeffrey Unerman

This paper problematizes TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) reporting in a way that demonstrates areas where academic research can contribute towards…

11103

Abstract

Purpose

This paper problematizes TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) reporting in a way that demonstrates areas where academic research can contribute towards realizing the transformative potential of this unique form of sustainability accounting in its early stages of development.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper proposes a number of research agendas for impactful interdisciplinary research into new forms of corporate reporting of sustainability risks, opportunities and dependencies.

Findings

There are several major challenges that both reporting corporations and investors need to address in realizing the potential of TCFD style risks, opportunities and dependencies reporting. Key among these is developing new practices of climate-related scenario analysis and reporting.

Practical implications

There is potential for many different academic research studies to provide solid evidence in helping improve the practical impact of TCFD style sustainability reporting. These impacts may assist in moving corporate policies and actions towards zero carbon.

Originality/value

This is the first agenda-setting paper that addresses the need for, and opportunities of, academic research into TCFD reporting and its potential to transform corporate accounting and reporting of sustainability.

Details

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 33 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-3574

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