Mehdi Mohamadi and AmirMahdi Tahsini
The purpose of this study is to investigate the combustion of the n-Heptane droplets in the supersonic combustor with a cavity-based fuel injection configuration. The focus is on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the combustion of the n-Heptane droplets in the supersonic combustor with a cavity-based fuel injection configuration. The focus is on the impacts of the droplet size on combustion efficiency.
Design/methodology/approach
The finite volume solver is developed to simulate the two-phase reacting turbulent compressible flow using a single step reaction mechanism as finite rate chemistry. Three different fuel injection settings are studied for the considered physical geometry and flow conditions: the gas fuel injection, small droplet liquid fuel injection and big droplet fuel. The fuel is injected as a slot wall jet from the bottom of the cavity.
Findings
The results show that using the small droplet size, the complete fuel consumption and combustion efficiency can be achieved but using the big droplet sizes, most fuel exit the combustor in the liquid phase and gasified unburned fuel. It is also demonstrated that the cavity's temperature distribution of the liquid fuel case is different from the gas fuel, and two flame branches are observed there due to the droplet evaporation and combustion in the cavity.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is performed for the first time on the combustion of the n-Heptane fuel droplets in scramjet configuration, which is promising propulsion system for the future economic flights.
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Ghobad Moradi, Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Sonia Darvishi, Fatemeh Azimian Zavareh, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Bushra Zareie, Mohammad-Mehdi Gouya and Mehrzad Tashakorian
The purpose of this paper is to determine patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran, 2015.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine patterns of sexual behaviors and related factors among prisoners in Iran, 2015.
Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional study was a part of a bio-behavioral surveillance survey conducted on 6,200 prisoners in 26 prisons in Iran. The subjects were selected through multi-stage sampling. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data on participant’s demographics and history of sexual behaviors. Using STATA-12 software, the collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, and crude and adjusted logistic regression.
Findings
A total of 5,508 prisoners with a response rate of 88.8 percent participated in this study. Of all prisoners, 55 percent (n=3,027) had a history of “unsafe sex in the lifetime” of whom 53.4 percent (n=1,549) never used condoms during unsafe sex in the lifetime. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, risk factors for “unsafe sex in lifetime” were the following: higher level of education (AOR=1.79, CI: 1.41–2.28), being single (AOR=1.32, CI: 1.18–1.47), unemployed before imprisonment (AOR=1.45, CI: 1.06–1.97), having history of previous imprisonment (AOR=1.31, CI: 1.17–1.47) and history of drug use in the lifetime (AOR=1.53, CI: 1.35–1.75).
Originality/value
Prisoners are high-risk groups that are prone to practice unsafe sex. Prisoners who are single, unemployed before imprisonment, a drug user, with a higher level of education and with a history of imprisonment are likely to be sexually active in their lifetime. Thus, they are a priority for receiving suitable interventions.
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Mahmoud Lari Dashtbayaz, Mahdi Salehi and Toktam Safdel
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between internal controls weakness and financial reporting quality and the effect of family ownership on the mentioned…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between internal controls weakness and financial reporting quality and the effect of family ownership on the mentioned relationship in Iranian listed firms.
Design/methodology/approach
In this way, the authors included the number of 139 firms from 2013 to 2017, of which 28 were family firms. The hypotheses are analyzed based on panel data and means comparison.
Findings
The results illustrated that weakness in internal controls has a significant negative relationship with financial reporting quality. In other words, internal controls weakness decreases the quality of financial reporting quality. Moreover, the results showed that being familial does not affect the aforementioned relationship.
Originality/value
Consequently, there is no suitable criteria to distinguish family firms and there is a need to take them into serious consideration because very few studies have been conducted focusing on this issue in Iran, as it is considered an argumentative subject to be discussed in the Iranian market.
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Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Pouran Raeissi and Mehdi Jafari-Sirizi
Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) is known as the biggest and most comprehensive reform in Iran’s health system. One of the goals of HSEP is to reduce inequity in the healthcare…
Abstract
Purpose
Health Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) is known as the biggest and most comprehensive reform in Iran’s health system. One of the goals of HSEP is to reduce inequity in the healthcare financing. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate HSEP agenda setting from the perspective of equity in healthcare financing (EHCF) using the multiple streams model.
Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study was conducted by 26 documents review and analysis, and 30 semi-structured interview with Iranian key informants in the field of HSEP that were selected based on purposeful and snowball sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist based on the goals. All audio-taped interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Data management and analysis were performed using the framework analysis in MAXQDA software.
Findings
The framework analysis identified 12 complementary sub-themes totally. Problem stream included four sub-themes (high share of Out Of Pocket, high index of catastrophic health expenditures, low EHCF index, and inappropriate economic state and sanctions). Focus on EHCF in general policies of the Iran World Health Organization’s report in 2000, the Targeted Subsidies Law and emphasis on equalizing healthcare financing in the Fourth and Fifth Development Plan were considered as policy stream sub-themes. Finally, political stream showed four sub-themes including strong support from the Minister of Health for HSEP, mass media, the pressure of WHO and people’s request to reduce health costs.
Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the present study included paying attention to one package (evolution in the treatment sector) of three health packages to assess EHCF, as well as the lack of similar national and international evidence in implementation framework.
Practical implications
The results of this study can be used to analyze other health sector reforms around the word and can help the formulation and implementation of most practical reforms, especially in field of health system financing.
Social implications
This study gives a holistic view about health system policy setting that can be used for understanding policy-making streams to population.
Originality/value
This is the first study that has examined HSEP (the biggest health sector reform in Iran) from the perspective of agenda setting. In addition, using the popular and well-known Kingdon’s model to explain HSEP agenda setting is one of the strengths of this study. Furthermore, taking advantage of a wide range of related views by including highly informed people increased the strength of the results of the study. In addition, the short interval between the interview and reviewing the results on reforms reduced the recall bias of the participants in the study.
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Ebrahim Ghaderi, Kambiz Hassanzadeh, Khaled Rahmani, Ghobad Moradi, Nader Esmailnasab, Daem Roshani and Arian Azadnia
Health is one of the most basic human rights. Self-medication not only results in many risks, complications and mortalities but also remains a massive economic burden on…
Abstract
Purpose
Health is one of the most basic human rights. Self-medication not only results in many risks, complications and mortalities but also remains a massive economic burden on governments’ pharmaceutical budgets, insurance companies and the general population. The importance of self-medication as one of the worldwide health problems, this paper aims to investigate the extent of this problem and related factors in Sanandaj, Iran in 2018.
Design/methodology/approach
This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 838 people who referred to pharmacies in Sanandaj, Iran in 2018. The subjects were selected in 10 pharmacies, 84 in each, randomly. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic features, prevalence and reasons for self-medication. The data was analyzed statistically by SPSS software.
Findings
The results show a high prevalence of self-medication, 73.70 per cent among people who referred to the pharmacies in Sanandaj during 2018. There was a significant correlation between self-medication and occupation, education level, age groups, chronic disease, smoking or reasons to refer to pharmacies (p < 0.05). Analgesics, antibiotics; non-steroid anti-inflammatory, cold and gastrointestinal medicines were the most commonly used medicines by the subjects. People with headache, cold, infection, stomach pain, toothache and dysmenorrhea were more likely to act self-medication than people with other complaints. Among people who do self-medication, (85.60 per cent) had already experienced satisfactory results after using medicines. Mild symptoms of the disease (74.11 per cent), availability of medicines (72.98 per cent) and easy access to medicine supplies in pharmacies (71.35 per cent) are other reasons for self-medication.
Research limitations/implications
In general, the study had some limitations. One of the limitations was related to the research period i.e. spring and summer. So, it is suggested to conduct studies in other seasons, too. Furthermore, as the time of self-medication was the past three months, there was a probability of recall bias.
Originality/value
The prevalence of self-medication in Sanandaj is high and alarming, implementing educational programs about this issue is extremely required. Health policymakers should take all necessary steps to tackle self-medication efficiently.