Mehdi Khodayari, Saeed Reza Allahkaram and Alex A. Volinsky
One way to analyze electrochemical signals is the wavelet transform, which transforms a signal into another representation whereby the signal information is presented in a…
Abstract
Purpose
One way to analyze electrochemical signals is the wavelet transform, which transforms a signal into another representation whereby the signal information is presented in a multi‐scale manner. Using the inverse wavelet transform, it is also possible to split a signal into different components of different frequency intervals. The inverse wavelet transform is the concept underpinning this paper, the aim of which is to demonstrate that high‐frequency variations in current signals are as valuable as low‐frequency variations.
Design/methodology/approach
The set‐up for the experiments carried out consisted of two identical carbon steel working electrodes exposed to simulated concrete pore solution, sparged simultaneously with SO2 and CO2. The corresponding electrochemical current signal was studied using wavelet transform.
Findings
High‐frequency components of current signals are as informative as low‐frequency components. High‐frequency variations could show some electrochemical activities that are not obvious in the other parts.
Originality/value
This paper shows that high‐frequency variations can be taken into consideration along with low‐frequency variations, since both can provide complementary information about electrochemical activities.
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Saeed Reza Allahkaram and Mehdi Khodayari
The aim of this paper is to show that the use of energy distribution plot (EDP), usually employed by researchers to characterize the behavior of electrochemical signals in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to show that the use of energy distribution plot (EDP), usually employed by researchers to characterize the behavior of electrochemical signals in the framework of wavelet transform, could provide better understanding of the electrochemical behavior of a corroding surface if used along with the plot that is obtained from the standard deviation (SD) of partial signals (SDPS). A partial signal (PS) is obtained by limiting the inverse discrete wavelet transform to one crystal, and hence an SDPS is obtained by computing the SD of the corresponding PS.
Design/methodology/approach
The electrochemical current signals, obtained from two identical working electrodes (carbon steel electrodes) exposed to simulated concrete pore solution, sparged simultaneously with SO2 and CO2 were studied using wavelet transforms.
Findings
The results show two steps of passive oxide layer formation: formation of defective passive oxide layer, and strengthening of the passive oxide layer. The passive oxide layer breakdown where CO2 as well as SO2 are involved occurred at a pH of approximately 11. Both the EDP and SDPS plots should be used, simultaneously, to characterize the processes occurring on the surfaces of the exposed electrodes.
Practical implications
The results that were obtained can be regarded as the basis for better understanding and improvement of the noise analysis method.
Originality/value
This paper studies the corrosion behavior of carbon steel rebar before and after the simultaneous introduction of CO2 and SO2 gases in simulated pore solution, using EDP and SDPS plots obtained from the electrochemical current signals at different pH values.
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Hossein Abdolmaleki, Sardar Mohammadi, Mehdi Babaei, Behzad Soheili, Geoff Dickson and Dan Funk
This study aims to investigate drivers of co-branding, and the relative strength of these drivers within the Persian Gulf Pro League (PGPL). The study examines sport sponsorship…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate drivers of co-branding, and the relative strength of these drivers within the Persian Gulf Pro League (PGPL). The study examines sport sponsorship, and specifically the relationship between professional football teams and on-field apparel sponsors.
Design/methodology/approach
Sixteen experts participated in semi-structured interviews and ranked the co-branding drivers. The expert opinions were organized into estimates and triangular fuzzy numbers were established before the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System converted the fuzzy outputs into crisp output values using the Centroid method. Next, the rankings of the drivers by the same 16 participants were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP).
Findings
The study identified four main factors with 19 indicators: brand management (i.e. enhancing brand value, utilizing the knowledge and experience of partner brands, brand position, brand identity, brand equity and brand image), partner relationships (i.e. satisfaction, mutual trust, commitment, common interest, product reliability and innovative strategies), marketing factors (i.e. marketing mix, market position, competitive advantage and entry into new domestic markets) and supporting factors (i.e. copyright, contracts and social media law). The AHP identified the most influential factors as marketing, partner relationships, brand management and support.
Originality/value
Based on the study’s findings, the authors recommend that PGPL teams adopt a partnership mindset, seek alignment of values and recognize the plurality of stakeholders to a sponsorship and their relationships to each other. The study highlights the challenges of co-branding activities in a developing country where trademark laws are not well developed.
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Hossein Mansouri, Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi, Michael Polonsky, Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin and Mehdi Seydi
This study examines the role of market orientation in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs.
Abstract
Purpose
This study examines the role of market orientation in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation within private sports clubs.
Design/methodology/approach
The research is a descriptive-correlational study based on private sports clubs employees within Iran (Sanandaj). A theoretical model was developed based on the literature and tested using SPSS and PLS-SEM software.
Findings
The findings indicate a positive relationship between internal marketing and employees' entrepreneurial orientation. Market orientation has also played a positive mediating role in the relationship between internal marketing and entrepreneurial orientation.
Originality/value
The results suggest a higher level of market orientation in the organization can increase teamwork and, consequently, entrepreneurship development among employees. This is important in sports clubs as employees have a significant role in the success of the sports club. Club employees' satisfaction, generated through internal marketing, provides is a prerequisite for customer satisfaction. This therefore creates an environment supportive of entrepreneurial orientation in the club.