Fatimah De'nan, Megat Azmi Megat Johari, Shaneez Christie Anak Nyandau and Nor Salwani Hashim
The purpose of this study is to know the influence of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin on the strength of concrete and crack resistance of reinforced concrete beam. An ordinary…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to know the influence of palm oil fuel ash and metakaolin on the strength of concrete and crack resistance of reinforced concrete beam. An ordinary portland cement has been used in the concretes production where it is an important material to be considered due to its nature that reacts with every substance present. During the cement production, a significant amount of carbon dioxide is emitted from the clinker in rotary kiln and lot of energy is required in the production processes. Such an event can be prevented by replacing the part of cement with metakaolin (MK) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Aside from being a cementitious alternative, the materials can also contribute to a greener environment and more sustainable building, as POFA is available in Malaysia and may be used to substitute cement and minimize pollution.
Design/methodology/approach
This study assesses the effect of MK and POFA on the concrete in terms of compressive strength and cracks pattern of the reinforced concrete beam based on the relevant previous studies.
Findings
From this study, the compressive strength of concrete containing MK and POFA was higher than the control mix with the percentage of improvement in the range of 0.8%–78.2% for MK and 0.5%–14%, respectively. The optimum content of MK and POFA is between the range of 10% and 15% and 10% and 20%, respectively, to achieve high strength of concrete. Other than that, the inclusion of MK to the concrete mix improves the strength of reinforced concrete beams and reduces cracks on the surface of reinforced concrete beams, whereas the inclusion of POFA to the concrete mix increases the cracks on reinforced concrete beams. The cracks appeared within the flexure zone of every beam containing the MK and POFA.
Originality/value
It was found that the fineness of MK and POFA has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of concrete.
Details
Keywords
Burhan Uluyol, Silvana Secinaro, Davide Calandra and Federico Lanzalonga
Waqf played a powerful Islamic social finance instrument throughout Islamic history. However, the popularity of waqf declined in recent years. It is essential to understand the…
Abstract
Purpose
Waqf played a powerful Islamic social finance instrument throughout Islamic history. However, the popularity of waqf declined in recent years. It is essential to understand the past research, the research gaps and the waqf’s ignorant research areas within the existing literature to enhance the waqf system. Therefore, this study aims to carry a detailed analysis of waqf research development with a careful evaluation of the scientific panorama’s different aspects inherent in Islamic business and social finance.
Design/methodology/approach
Scientometrics is a discipline that studies the quantitative characteristics and characteristics of science and technological research, technology and innovation. This research’s string includes waqf as a reference in the “Article title, Abstract and Keywords” based on Scopus from 1990 to 2020. The analysis was conducted in December 2020. The Bibliometrix R Package, VOSviewer and Excel’s software are used to analyse the collected data and apply the bibliometric analysis.
Findings
The findings derive that waqf research can be categorized into three sub-areas, such as the research on waqf fundamentals, analysis on cash waqf and research on various waqf applications in Islamic social finance. Even though there is some essential or fundamental research in waqf, these are not good enough for such a powerful Islamic social finance instrument. This study finds research gaps in the existing waqf literature and presents nine future research directions.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine waqf’s existing literature with bibliometric analysis. The results and the recommended possible research areas can help scholars and researchers to carry future research to enhance the scientific development of Islamic social finance and provide alternative instruments to eradicate poverty in societies.