The Supreme Court has made its first ruling on “trade dress”. Trade dresswas defined by the Supreme Court as “...the overall image of thebusiness”. The Court granted protection to…
Abstract
The Supreme Court has made its first ruling on “trade dress”. Trade dress was defined by the Supreme Court as “...the overall image of the business”. The Court granted protection to a Mexican restaurant in Texas and barred a competitor from duplicating its total image. Summarizes the issues surrounding the intellectual property law element, “trade dress”, discusses the landmark recent Supreme Court case on trade dress (Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc.), and examines the marketing implications emerging from that ruling. The legal concept of trade dress is very important for managers because it offers permanent protection for distinctive, multi‐feature business images. Thus, the company capturing the best trade dress for its type of product can achieve that golden fleece of business – an important, sustainable competitive advantage.
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John E. Gamble, Robert Culpepper and Meg G. Blubaugh
This paper examines how management approaches to employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) implementation affects such employee work‐related attitudes as job satisfaction, ESOP…
Abstract
This paper examines how management approaches to employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) implementation affects such employee work‐related attitudes as job satisfaction, ESOP satisfaction, and job involvement. Structural‐equation modeling assesses the responses of 321 airline pilots who were employed by one of three major US‐based airlines. The results indicated positive linkages between the instrumentally and extrinsically satisfying aspects of employee ownership and ESOP satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job involvement.
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In this paper, the main objective will be to discuss the factors which can influence the usage of risk reducing strategies found in the literature over the past 30 years. Some of…
Abstract
In this paper, the main objective will be to discuss the factors which can influence the usage of risk reducing strategies found in the literature over the past 30 years. Some of the factors which have relatively consistent effects include age, socio‐economic group, education while other factors show complex effect e.g. self‐confidence, loss‐type and product risk. On the whole, the literature on risk reduction and how it is affected is unable to provide would‐be researchers with clear guidance for questionnaire construction and research design.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to aid in understanding and evaluating love online. The framework maps the territory of online love by identifying…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework to aid in understanding and evaluating love online. The framework maps the territory of online love by identifying important issues and providing a mechanism for combining relevant theoretical perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
Interdisciplinary literature is reviewed and related through normative and descriptive conceptual analysis.
Findings
A diverse and complex set of practices, technologies, intentions, and behaviors comprise love online. Theoretical works on love and mediation can be combined to improve conceptual clarity.
Practical implications
The framework provides a simple but powerful tool for making sense of and critiquing the existing literature as well as outlining avenues for future research.
Originality/value
The framework puts diverse strands of scholarly work into an interdisciplinary discussion about an important phenomenon in new media societies.
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Ronald H. Stevens, Trysha L. Galloway and Ann Willemsen-Dunlap
In this chapter we highlight a neurodynamic approach that is showing promise as a quantitative measure of team performance.
Abstract
Purpose
In this chapter we highlight a neurodynamic approach that is showing promise as a quantitative measure of team performance.
Methodology/approach
During teamwork the rapid electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations that emerge on the scalp were transformed into symbolic data streams which provided historical details at a second-by-second resolution of how the team perceived the evolving task and how they adjusted their dynamics to compensate for, and anticipate new task challenges. Key to this approach are the different strategies that can be used to reduce the data dimensionality, including compression, abstraction and taking advantage of the natural redundancy in biologic signals.
Findings
The framework emerging is that teams continually enter and leave organizational neurodynamic partnerships with each other, so-called metastable states, depending on the evolving task, with higher level dynamics arising from mechanisms that naturally integrate over faster microscopic dynamics.
Practical implications
The development of quantitative measures of the momentary dynamics of teams is anticipated to significantly influence how teams are assembled, trained, and supported. The availability of such measures will enable objective comparisons to be made across teams, training protocols, and training sites. They will lead to better understandings of how expertise is developed and how training can be modified to accelerate the path toward expertise.
Originality/value
The innovation of this study is the potential it raises for developing globally applicable quantitative models of team dynamics that will allow comparisons to be made across teams, tasks, and training protocols.
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Susan M. Adams, Atul Gupta and John D. Leeth
The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in compensation related to gender concentrations among industries at different organisation levels of management to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in compensation related to gender concentrations among industries at different organisation levels of management to identify gender‐based patterns of compensation at the macro level not investigated in previous studies that simply suggest industry or occupational differences. Findings provide guidance for selection processes, career path management for maximising compensation and policy‐making.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from the Current Population Surveys and the Standard and Poor's ExecuComp database were used to examine differences in compensation of managers and top executives.
Findings
Findings suggest that men and women must seek different paths and endpoints to optimize compensation. Maximising compensation for women requires working as a minority and changing industries. Men, on the other hand, may work in male‐dominated industries at every level or may move to female‐dominated industries at the managerial and executive levels and still receive equitable pay.
Research limitations/implications
The paper was conducted on a USA sample so further research should examine data from other countries.
Practical implications
In practice, this paper suggests that men and women must seek different paths and endpoints to optimize compensation. Human resource managers should be aware of these potential biases and try to rectify them within their organisations through the use of appropriate selection and compensation practices. At the macro‐level, policy‐makers can identify patterns of inequity to address.
Originality/value
Gender‐related difference studies of compensation offer little understanding about how to maximise compensation during one's management career as it progresses through management levels and across industries.
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Silvia Siu-Yin Clement-Lam, Airey Nga-Lui Lau and Devin M. Kearns
Neuroimaging research has substantially enhanced our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of typical and atypical learning in children. These developments can advance…
Abstract
Neuroimaging research has substantially enhanced our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of typical and atypical learning in children. These developments can advance the design of novel approaches to diagnosis and intervention for learning disabilities. Despite the promise of educational neuroscience, there are still walls between neuroscience and special education researchers such that more collaboration and understanding are needed between these disciplines. This chapter attempts to break down the walls by discussing how neuroimaging techniques can be incorporated into special education research. We also present arguments as to why neuroscience is “the next big thing” in special education research and the obstacles that must be overcome in order for neuroscience to be incorporated into education research. To describe how neurobiology might impact special education, we focus primarily on reading disability. We believe that educational neuroscience can aid in the identification and intervention of other learning disorders as well.
Peter Kenning, Hilke Plassmann and Dieter Ahlert
The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the methodology of several brain imaging techniques and in particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the methodology of several brain imaging techniques and in particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and its potential implications for market research. The aim is to enable the reader both to understand this emerging methodology and to conduct independent research in the area.
Design/methodology/approach
A short introduction on current neuroimaging methods used in behavioral neuroscience is provided by means of a literature review. The ensuing discussion focuses on fMRI as the currently most popular neuroimaging technique. Having described the fMRI methodology, an outline of the analysis of functional neuroimaging data follows, after which there is a discussion of some key research issues.
Findings
Although in its infancy, fMRI seems to be a useful and promising tool for market researchers. Initial studies in the field reveal that fMRI is able to shed light on subconscious processes such as affective aspects of consumer behavior.
Practical implications
Because brand positioning, advertising strategies and even pricing strategies are often based on constructs such as emotions, neuropsychological findings and methods should have important implications for practitioners in the field of brand management and advertising. Nonetheless, far more basic research is needed before fMRI can be adopted for marketing practice.
Originality/value
This paper is one of the first in the marketing literature to provide a methodological overview of fMRI and discuss the potential implications for marketing research.
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Anna Tickle, Natalie Cheung and Clare Walker
The Mental Health Recovery Star (MHRS) has received focus at a national policy level in consideration of outcome measurement within mental health services. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
The Mental Health Recovery Star (MHRS) has received focus at a national policy level in consideration of outcome measurement within mental health services. The purpose of this paper is to seek the views of mental health professionals about its use within clinical practice.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employed a qualitative, exploratory design to interview 12 participants. Thematic analysis was used.
Findings
Four main themes were identified: “the utility of the Recovery Star”; “not for everybody”; “service user involvement”; and “the status of the Recovery Star within the Trust”. A range of factors was found to influence participants’ use of the tool with service users.
Research limitations/implications
The paper involved a small number of participants due to a low response rate. Future research could include larger studies and more detailed exploration of factors identified as limiting the use of the MHRS.
Practical implications
The MHRS is a potentially useful tool but its limitations and the influence of organisational context must be considered as part of any plan to systematically implement its use within services.
Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the views of mental health professionals about the MHRS. As it is professionals who are likely to determine whether and how the tool is used, the paper is seen as a valuable initial investigation.