Md. Zaved Hossain Khan, Md. Abdul Aziz, Md. Rafiul Hasan and Md. Rashid Al-Mamun
The purpose of this study is to understand the inhibitor behavior of specific drug against mild steel corrosion and their adsorption mechanism on the surface.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the inhibitor behavior of specific drug against mild steel corrosion and their adsorption mechanism on the surface.
Design/methodology/approach
Corrosion rates are influenced by the formation of inhibitor aggregates at the mild steel surface. Detail surface characterizations of mild steel have been studied before and after adsorption of drugs in 1N HCl solution. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the effect of drug adsorption on steel surface.
Findings
Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested that the metal had been protected from aggressive corrosion because of the addition of the inhibitors. Atomic force microscopy visualization confirmed the formation of protective layer on steel surface, resulting in the decrease in surface roughness with corrosion rates. The nature of metal surface has been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Originality/value
The findings of this study will help us to understand the interaction of specific drugs with mild steel surface and their potential inhibition mechanism.
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Abdullah Al Mamun, Mohd Asrul Hery Bin Ibrahim, Rajennd Muniady, Mohammad Bin Ismail, Noorshella Binti Che Nawi and Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir
The purpose of this paper is to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia, many products and services are available, including access to working…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia, many products and services are available, including access to working capital and enterprise development training programs. This study examined the impact of access to working capital and micro-enterprise development training programs on household income and economic vulnerability among participants of development initiatives in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) in Peninsular Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a cross-sectional design, the authors collected data randomly from the selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) located in four states of Peninsular Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews with the respondents from October to November 2017.
Findings
Both the length of participation and total amount of economic loan were found to increase the household income. However, there was no positive and significant impact of total number of training hours on household income. Interestingly, length of participation was found to reduce the level of economic vulnerability, except total amount of economic loan, and total number of training hours.
Originality/value
Despite the overwhelming empirical evidence, the findings indicated that the impact of enterprise development training programs was inconclusive. The effect of total amount of loan on economic vulnerability was also inconclusive. Hence, both policy makers and development organizations should understand how their programs benefit the poor households that can be improved through new implementation strategies.
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The purpose of this paper is to study how board attributes impact corporate social responsibility (CSR). In particular, this paper aims to empirically examine the impact of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study how board attributes impact corporate social responsibility (CSR). In particular, this paper aims to empirically examine the impact of financial performance on the relationship between board attributes and CSR. Board attributes such as board size, board independence, female board representation and CEO-chair duality are included.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses panel data set of 200 French companies listed during 2007–2018 period. The direct and moderating effects were tested by using multiple regression technique.
Findings
The results indicate that significant direct relationships exist among board attributes and CSR. Board independence and female board representation are positively linked with CSR. However, board size and CEO duality are negatively associated with CSR. Findings show, also, that corporate financial performance accentuates significantly the effect of board size, board independence and CEO-duality on CSR, but does not moderate the relationship between female board representation and CSR.
Practical implications
The findings may be of interest to different stakeholders and policy-makers and regulatory bodies interested in enhancing CG initiatives to strengthen corporate social responsibility because it suggests thinking about implementing a broadly accepted framework of good CG practices to meet the demand for greater transparency and accountability. As an extension to this research, further study can examine the impact of ownership structure and audit quality on CSR issues.
Originality/value
This study extends the dynamic relationship between CG mechanisms and CSR by offering new evidence on how corporate financial moderates this relationship.
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Md Hamidul Islam, Md. Abu Safayet and Abdullah Al Mamun
In response to rising energy prices and growing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for environmentally friendly building facilities. This study investigates…
Abstract
Purpose
In response to rising energy prices and growing environmental concerns, there is a growing demand for environmentally friendly building facilities. This study investigates optimizing energy consumption and improves the level of accuracy when selecting suitable materials and components with minimal impact on the overall energy consumption of buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out from the perspective of an educational building's energy simulation, using a validated building energy analysis tool Green Building Studio (GBS). There were eight parameters analyzed considering at least two connected variables without measuring the initial building configuration. After that, Autodesk Revit and Insight 360 were used to make similar scenarios of the best performance selections so that the general results could be compared and the initial hypothesis could be proven.
Findings
In this study, the initial building analysis showed that there was an annual energy use of 139 kBtu/sf and the estimated carbon emissions were about 156 tons/yr. After the parametric analysis, the maximum energy saving was about 32.38%, considering the best performance scenario with a reduction of CO2 emissions of around 28.85%.
Originality/value
The outcome of this study will help Bangladeshi architect/designers to make appropriate decisions regarding the selection of suitable building materials and components at the initial stage of any project in terms of the energy consumption aspects. In addition, energy-efficient buildings provide cleaner combustion and better circulation than traditional buildings, that is why they reduce indoor air pollution, maintaining a safe, healthy and sustainable environment for future generations.
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Md. Shajedul Islam, Md. Motahar Hossain and Nitin Pathak
Purpose: The book chapter seeks to investigate the numerous green finance measures already taken by various banks in the direction of Bangladesh’s sustainable development. The…
Abstract
Purpose: The book chapter seeks to investigate the numerous green finance measures already taken by various banks in the direction of Bangladesh’s sustainable development. The chapter also demonstrates the extent to which banks in the nation will use green finance between 2019 and 2022.
Need for the study: This study indicated that practically all banks participated in green finance initiatives to promote sustainable economic growth. Private commercial banks (PCBs) and foreign commercial banks (FCBs) have taken more measures than the other banks, although their efforts still fall short. Therefore, it will be better for the environment and sustainable growth if the financial industry adopts more green finance projects.
Methodology: The study mostly relied on secondary data and information gathered from Bangladesh Bank annual reports, numerous studies on green financing, and the websites of several institutions. Microsoft Excel has been used to examine the data. Data have been presented using tables, graphs, and charts.
Findings: Green financing is now the demand of the time because the whole world, especially Bangladesh, is facing adverse impacts from global warming and climate change. So environmental issues have become the main concern of the government, Bangladesh Bank, stakeholders, and society, and they wish to know about the initiatives towards green financing taken by the various banks to reduce the impact of global warming.
Implications: Policymakers, governments, private and public organisations, banking industries, and their stakeholders will benefit from the book chapter.
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Noorshella Binti Che Nawi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Noorul Azwin Md Nasir, Azwan Abdullah and Wan Nurulasiah Wan Mustapha
This study aims to examine the factors affecting brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the factors affecting brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative method in examining the factors affecting the brand image and consumer satisfaction on Islamic travel package. This study has chosen Google form as a platform to collect the data.
Findings
The findings revealed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief have a significant positive effect on brand image and consumer satisfaction. The findings confirmed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic beliefs are the crucial tools for brand image that leads to the satisfaction of Muslim consumers on the Islamic travel package.
Originality/value
This paper addresses understudied aspects of brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia. It provided useful insights into the product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief on brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages. Tourism companies should improve and update their package based on the religious perspective to attract Muslim consumers.
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Syed Ali Raza, Nida Shah, Ronald Ravinesh Kumar and Md. Samsul Alam
This chapter examines the nexus between the between tourism growth and income inequality in the top 10 tourist destinations in the world by using the advanced econometric…
Abstract
This chapter examines the nexus between the between tourism growth and income inequality in the top 10 tourist destinations in the world by using the advanced econometric technique namely quantile-on-quantile (QnQ). This approach combines the two approaches, that is, the nonparametric estimation and quantile regression and regresses the quantile of the tourism growth onto income inequality quantiles, thus enabling the effect of the income inequality on across different conditional tourism growth distribution. It also allows to explain a comprehensive picture of the overall interdependence and nonlinear relationship between the examined variables. The result from QnQ approach shows a negative association between income inequality and tourism growth, however, the country-specific analysis shows wide variations within and across different quantiles of variables. Notably, on the one hand, a strong negative association between the variables is found in China, France, Spain, Italy, Russia and the USA implying that tourism expansion minimizes the income inequality. On the other hand, a strong positive association is noted in Germany, Turkey, Mexico and the UK, which means that growth in tourism widens the income inequality. These outcomes provide important policy direction for tourism management in the respective countries.
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Samer Al-Shami, Abdullah Al Mamun, Safiah Sidek and Nurulizwa Rashid
This paper aims to explore the specific causes of failure among Malaysian female entrepreneurs who were provided with financial services by the microfinance institution: Amanah…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the specific causes of failure among Malaysian female entrepreneurs who were provided with financial services by the microfinance institution: Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) to start up their own businesses.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a qualitative-based case study design approach, with data collected from a total of 18 female entrepreneurs who had failed to develop their businesses. In-depth personal interviews were conducted, coupled with personal observation via purposive cum snowball sampling.
Findings
Thematic analysis revealed a pattern-based outcome which discloses a variety of causes affecting the failure of Malaysian female entrepreneurship. These causes ranged from inter-related external factors which were perceived as beyond their control, such as personal life events, intensive competition and loan inflexibility to internal causes, which were related to lack of resources, poor financial management and personal dissatisfaction with their own business performance.
Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study provide valuable information for Malaysian economic policymakers in how to practically address the objectives of the National Women's Policy (NPW) and improve the innovative quality of their products and services. A thorough understanding of the specific obstacles facing female entrepreneurs in Malaysia is essential if policymakers are to improve opportunity exploitation efficiency and assist in mitigating the external and internal causes of business failure among Malaysian females.
Originality/value
Studies in this field have demonstrated that most new “start-ups” fail within three years of their establishment. While determinist, emotive and voluntarist theories can often provide an adequate explanation for the causes of business failure, it is clear that no single factor is usually responsible. Rather, multiple interrelated factors are found to be at play. This study, therefore, provides an integrative model for causes of business failure among small-business female entrepreneurs. It also represents one of only a few such studies in the literature and, to the best of knowledge at the time of writing, is the first such study that used an integrative approach to explain the causes of business failure in the Malaysian context.
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Md Mamunur Rashid and Md Rabiul Kabir
This study investigates the effect of corporate governance (CG) characteristics on corporate sustainability performance (CSP) and whether the magnitude of CSR expenditure mediates…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the effect of corporate governance (CG) characteristics on corporate sustainability performance (CSP) and whether the magnitude of CSR expenditure mediates such a relationship in the context of an emerging and developing economy-Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
This study collects data from the annual reports of 30 private commercial banks listed with the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period starting from 2013 to 2022, giving 300 firm-year observations. To test the hypotheses formulated, this study uses Baron and Kenny’s (1986) four-step model. Data have been analyzed using AMOS 23 to examine the direct and indirect effect of CG on sustainability performance.
Findings
This study finds that several CG variables (board size, board independence, sustainable finance committee) significantly affect several facets of sustainability performance (environmental, social, and financial performance). However, the mediating role of the magnitude of CSR expenditure in the relationship between CG mechanisms and sustainability performance is found to be limited.
Research limitations/implications
The list of CG and ownership structure variables studied is not exhaustive, and the presence of a wide variation in the measurement of sustainability performance makes its measurement subjective to some extent.
Originality/value
This study uses the magnitude of CSR expenditure as a mediator in the relationship between CG and sustainability performance, which is rarely addressed by the extant literature in this field.
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Md. Jubaer Rashid, Imon Chowdhooree, Tasfin Aziz and Meherab Hossain
In an urban environment, different types of actors (individuals, households, community groups, institutions, governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGO)…
Abstract
Purpose
In an urban environment, different types of actors (individuals, households, community groups, institutions, governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGO), community-based organizations (CBO) and public and private organizations, etc.) play critical roles in enhancing urban resilience to adapt to the impacts of climate change. To identify and prioritize aspects of climate resilience planning, this study aims to examine the potential impacts of climate change on diverse urban systems and evaluate the capacities of various actors to adapt to climatic stress.
Design/methodology/approach
This research selects Mongla, a coastal as well as port town in south-western Bangladesh that faces climate risks including frequent cyclones, storm surges and salinity intrusion due to sea-level and temperature rise, as reported in the National Climate Vulnerability Index 2018. This research uses the methodology proposed by ICLEI South Asia’s Climate Resilient Cities Action Plan and accesses different urban actors’ adaptive capacity for contributing to enhancing climate resilience based on three broad characteristics: the capacity to organize and respond, availability of resources and access to information. The cumulative scores of these characteristics aid in determining the climate adaptive capacity of each urban actor.
Findings
The identified 53 actors are grouped into four categories: government (local and national); international/local NGOs, CBOs and associations; community representatives and private sectors and groups and individuals. The group of NGOs, CBOs and associations has a higher overall adaptive potential than all other actor groups, according to the study. When it comes to practicing adaptive capacity, government institutions are in the second-highest position. But, the Khulna development authority, the government agency that is in charge of overseeing all forms of urban development, scored poorly on all fragile urban systems. However, the performance of the fourth group of urban actors is very subpar when it comes to adapting to climatic stress, which emphasizes the need for focused interventions.
Research limitations/implications
Variations in adaptive capacities to climate change across different actors are particularly useful for targeting actors with lower levels of climate adaptive capacities in Mongla town.
Originality/value
This paper particularly addresses the research gap in assessing the adapting capacity of urban actors in Mongla port-town. Policymakers and practitioners can create and carry out targeted interventions that address the particular needs and concerns of vulnerable actors by making use of the insights obtained from this kind of study, thereby assisting in the development of climate resilience in any urban area.