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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2012

Anders Larsen, Mathias Stolpe and J.H. Hattel

The purpose of this paper is to determine the magnitude and spatial distribution of the heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and the backing plate in a friction stir…

419

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the magnitude and spatial distribution of the heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and the backing plate in a friction stir welding process using inverse modelling.

Design/methodology/approach

The magnitude and distribution of the heat transfer coefficient are the variables in an optimisation problem. The objective is to minimise the difference between experimentally measured temperatures and temperatures obtained using a 3D finite element model. The optimisation problem is solved using a gradient based optimisation method. This approach yields optimal values for the magnitude and distribution of the heat transfer coefficient.

Findings

It is found that the heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and the backing plate is non-uniform and takes its maximum value in a region below the welding tool. Four different parameterisations of the spatial distribution of the heat transfer coefficient are analysed and a simple, two parameter distribution is found to give good results.

Originality/value

The heat transfer from workpiece to backing plate is important for the temperature field in the workpiece, and in turn the mechanical properties of the welded plate. Accurate modelling of the magnitude and distribution of the heat transfer coefficient is therefore an essential step towards improved models of the process. This is the first study using a gradient based optimisation method and a non-uniform parameterisation of the heat transfer coefficient in an inverse modeling approach to determine the heat transfer coefficient in friction stir welding.

Details

Engineering Computations: International Journal for Computer-Aided Engineering and Software, vol. 29 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 19 October 2020

Todor Kolarov

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits and challenges, on the national and international level, associated with the settlement of cases involving non-conviction…

225

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits and challenges, on the national and international level, associated with the settlement of cases involving non-conviction civil confiscation of unexplained wealth.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is centered on evaluation of key aspects of settlement of civil confiscation of unexplained wealth cases. Conducting a review of settlement of confiscation cases and of non-conviction-based unexplained wealth regimes, this research evaluates the validity of the lead thesis.

Findings

Settlement of civil asset confiscation of unexplained wealth cases presents several challenges that call for mitigation.

Originality/value

This paper emphasizes the theoretical and practical issues on the national and international level related to settlement of cases involving non-conviction-based civil asset confiscation of unexplained wealth, with recommendations for development of legal principles for non-conviction based civil asset confiscation.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 24 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Article
Publication date: 27 March 2020

Gloria Perez Torres

This study aims to investigate the impact of the enforcement of the international anti-bribery legal framework in developing countries.

949

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impact of the enforcement of the international anti-bribery legal framework in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

It uses the PetroTiger case to examine the effects of foreign bribery prosecutions in Colombia, from a bribe-receivers perspective. PetroTiger is a USA-based company that was prosecuted for bribing public officials in Colombia. As a result, the public officials involved were also prosecuted in Colombia for receiving bribes. This case serves to illustrate how international anti-bribery law operates in practice and how it impacts Colombian law enforcement institutions and their capacity to prosecute bribe-receivers. The Colombian response to the international anti-corruption framework is examined in this study through the review of legislative efforts taken to address the problems of bribery and corruption in public procurement.

Findings

This study finds that enforcement of foreign bribery laws raise awareness of the situation of corruption in developing countries, generate parallel prosecutions of individuals at the receiving end of bribes and helps developing countries to develop technical expertise to fight corruption.

Practical implications

In practice, due to the transnational nature of foreign bribery, without international agreements, this type of corruption in international business would seldom lead to prosecution. Although the effectiveness of the enforcement of international anti-corruption law is debated, in reality, prosecutions of foreign bribery by developed countries have more positive than negative implications for developing countries.

Social implications

Assist to continue efforts to deter corruption.

Originality/value

No many studies have looked at the effectiveness of anti-corruption international law in developing countries. As indicated by Mr. Moulette Patrick head of Anti-Corruption Division at organisation for economic co-operation and development more research on the effectiveness of the UN enacted Convention against Corruption, which is what this paper does.

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Article
Publication date: 27 December 2021

Nadja Capus and Kei Hannah Brodersen

Corporate foreign bribery can have devastating consequences on communities and states. Over the past decade, there have been several promising developments, both national and…

131

Abstract

Purpose

Corporate foreign bribery can have devastating consequences on communities and states. Over the past decade, there have been several promising developments, both national and international, that might increase the chances of victim states to receive remediation for the harm they suffered from foreign bribery. In particular, awareness has risen that victim states must be considered and new innovative items have been added to the toolbox of prosecutors in the fight against corruption that is assumed to also improve victim states’ standing in these procedures. This study aims to assess whether indeed victim states receive compensation through these novel procedures.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the three case studies of Switzerland, France and England and Wales for a comprehensive empirical and normative analysis of settlement agreements between defendants and prosecution authorities and of court jurisprudence.

Findings

This study shows that although de jure, it seems warranted to order the payment of remedies to victim states within domestic criminal proceedings, in practice, this rarely happens. A number of legal and practical obstacles account for this situation. This study, therefore, calls for the formulation of international guidelines containing the obligation to inform victim states of ongoing criminal proceedings on corporate foreign bribery, and guidance on how to identify the victim of this crime, as well as the damage caused.

Originality/value

This is the first contribution to verify whether claims that settlement agreements, recently introduced in England and Wales and France (and similar procedures are available in Switzerland), are beneficial for victim states in their quest to receive compensation. As this study shows that this is – not yet – the case in practice, this study proposes solutions that could lead the way for remediation of the harm caused by corporate corruption – and thereby, ultimately, to a more just outcome.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 29 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

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