Krishna M. Singh and Masataka Tanaka
This paper presents an application of the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) to transient advection‐diffusion problems. Radial basis functions and augmented thin…
Abstract
This paper presents an application of the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) to transient advection‐diffusion problems. Radial basis functions and augmented thin plate splines (TPS) have been used as coordinate functions in DRBEM approximation in addition to the ones previously used in the literature. Linear multistep methods have been used for time integration of differential algebraic boundary element system. Numerical results are presented for the standard test problem of advection‐diffusion of a sharp front. Use of TPS yields the most accurate results. Further, considerable damping is seen in the results with one step backward difference method, whereas higher order methods produce perceptible numerical dispersion for advection‐dominated problems.
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I.V. Singh, Masataka Tanaka, J. Zhang and M. Endo
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the thermal properties of carbon nanotube composites via meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the thermal properties of carbon nanotube composites via meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method.
Design/methodology/approach
The EFG method is based on moving least square approximation, which is constructed by three components: a weight function associated with each node, a basis function and a set of non‐constant coefficients. In principle, EFG method is almost identical to finite element method. The EFG method does not require elements for the interpolation (or approximation) of field variable, but only requires a set of nodes for the construction of approximation function.
Findings
The equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite has been calculated, and plotted against nanotube length, nanotube radius, RVE length, and RVE radius. Temperature distribution has been obtained and plotted with RVE length. An approximate numerical formula is proposed to calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity of CNT‐composites. Present computations show that the addition of 6.2 per cent (by volume) of CNT in polymer matrix increases the thermal conductivity of the composite by 42 per cent, whereas 16.1 per cent of CNT addition increases the thermal conductivity of the composite by 352 per cent.
Research limitations/implications
An ideal model, i.e. representative volume element containing single CNT has been taken to evaluate the thermal properties of CNT‐composites.
Practical implications
A simplified approach based on EFG method has been developed to evaluate the overall thermal conductivity of the CNT‐composites.
Originality/value
Continuum mechanics‐based mesh‐free EFG method has been successfully implemented for the thermal analysis of CNT‐composites.
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This chapter examines the role of political recycling – the practice of repeated utilization of former high-level politicians in government – in forestalling or, at least…
Abstract
This chapter examines the role of political recycling – the practice of repeated utilization of former high-level politicians in government – in forestalling or, at least, minimizing conflicts among political players. Drawing upon observations from recent political experiences of Japan, the chapter first demonstrates that political recycling in Japan is deeply embedded in the society's cultural practices rather than in the system of liberal democracy, which its leaders espouse. Political recycling in Japan, in fact, exhibits features that are antithetical to liberal democracy. The dynamic relationship between political recycling and conflict prevention in Japan are then analyzed as well as the implications of the analysis for places in Africa where political conflict has been rampant.