Martin Paldam and Peder J. Pedersen
Only around 0.01 per cent of all working‐days are lost due to industrial conflict in the average western economy. Nevertheless, conflicts are highly visible phenomena and it was…
Abstract
Only around 0.01 per cent of all working‐days are lost due to industrial conflict in the average western economy. Nevertheless, conflicts are highly visible phenomena and it was one of the first areas most statistical agencies started covering. Therefore, long conflict series exist for most developed Western economies. These series are of a poor quality compared to most series analysed by economists, but they have, nevertheless, a lot to tell. In a number of papers we have tried to cover different parts of the story — in the present article we shall concentrate on the large shifts (often 5–10 times) in the conflict levels over time and the remarkable differences (often 10–20 times) in conflict levels between countries, even when we look only at developed Western economies.
Hristos Doucouliagos and Martin Paldam
The purpose of this paper is to study a little researched relation: the relation from economic growth in a less developed country to the development aid it receives. Does economic…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study a little researched relation: the relation from economic growth in a less developed country to the development aid it receives. Does economic growth influence donor aid allocation decisions?
Design/methodology/approach
The authors’ apply two different methodologies. First, a quantitative and systematic review is presented of the literature of 30 empirical studies of aid allocation where a growth coefficient is estimated. Second, a primary study is presented of the data using a panel of 147 countries for the period 1967‐2004.
Findings
The growth‐aid relation should be negative if humanitarian motives dominate aid allocation decisions. The result from both the meta‐analysis and the primary data analysis suggests a very small effect between lagged growth and aid allocations, with a dominating positive sign. This result appears to be driven partly by the large development banks.
Originality/value
No attempt has previously been made to summarize the literature on growth as a motive for giving aid. This paper offers the first attempt to do so, by presenting a meta‐analysis of the empirical literature, as well as analysis of the primary data.
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The functional distribution of incomes is one of the classical subjects in economics. Even though one might argue that it is one of the least interesting among income…
Abstract
The functional distribution of incomes is one of the classical subjects in economics. Even though one might argue that it is one of the least interesting among income distributions it is no doubt the one which has received most attention. In the present article, in the second and third sections, we survey the evidence concerning the wage‐ratio 1W and the factor‐wage‐ratio fW for 17 OECD countries from 1948 to 1975. Both have increased rather strikingly, especially in some of the smaller countries, and this raises a number of fairly deep questions. A few of these are discussed in the last two sections.
In the last four years, since Volume I of this Bibliography first appeared, there has been an explosion of literature in all the main functional areas of business. This wealth of…
Abstract
In the last four years, since Volume I of this Bibliography first appeared, there has been an explosion of literature in all the main functional areas of business. This wealth of material poses problems for the researcher in management studies — and, of course, for the librarian: uncovering what has been written in any one area is not an easy task. This volume aims to help the librarian and the researcher overcome some of the immediate problems of identification of material. It is an annotated bibliography of management, drawing on the wide variety of literature produced by MCB University Press. Over the last four years, MCB University Press has produced an extensive range of books and serial publications covering most of the established and many of the developing areas of management. This volume, in conjunction with Volume I, provides a guide to all the material published so far.
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The librarian and researcher have to be able to uncover specific articles in their areas of interest. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume IV, like Volume III, contains…
Abstract
The librarian and researcher have to be able to uncover specific articles in their areas of interest. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume IV, like Volume III, contains features to help the reader to retrieve relevant literature from MCB University Press' considerable output. Each entry within has been indexed according to author(s) and the Fifth Edition of the SCIMP/SCAMP Thesaurus. The latter thus provides a full subject index to facilitate rapid retrieval. Each article or book is assigned its own unique number and this is used in both the subject and author index. This Volume indexes 29 journals indicating the depth, coverage and expansion of MCB's portfolio.
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In the conventional positive neoclassical economics, the underlying behavioral assumptions concerning government activity clearly contrast with those usually admitted for other…
Abstract
In the conventional positive neoclassical economics, the underlying behavioral assumptions concerning government activity clearly contrast with those usually admitted for other economic agents. While the latter are assumed to seek their own private interest, although accomplishing in that way a social function, governments are assumed to have as their main objective the maximization of social welfare. Hence, the assumption that economic policies are intended to stabilize economic activity follows as a consequence. The inconsistency of this asymmetry between the treatment of government and other agents was clearly stressed by Downs (1957):
This article identifies major public financial management developments in the European Community (EC). Despite a certain degree of disparity, the EC member countries have had a…
Abstract
This article identifies major public financial management developments in the European Community (EC). Despite a certain degree of disparity, the EC member countries have had a number of common developments in public financial management. In general, central governments of most EC member countries were faced with resource constraints, growing spending demands and large budget deficits. Moreover, fiscal changes had to be made in order to reach the single European market goal targeted by 1992. Thus, several fiscal policy and management initiatives were developed including tax reforms, changes in spending programs, improve-ments of government performance, and fiscal harmonization. The results of these initiatives are reflected in the patterns of central government receipts and outlays in the EC member countries.
Simo Mannila and Galina Eremicheva
The purpose of this paper is to describe some risks and risk-taking when launching and running business in Russia during the socio-economic transformation. The risks are related…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe some risks and risk-taking when launching and running business in Russia during the socio-economic transformation. The risks are related to informal economy.
Design/methodology/approach
The research material consists of 11 thematic interviews of families, who launched and ran a business during the turn of the millennium and follow-up interviews. The interviews were extracted from a larger material of 100 interviews and 40 follow-ups focusing on household coping in Russian socio-economic transformation.
Findings
The paper focusses on risky shuttle trade as well as crime-related risks of business, as poignant illustrations of problems of entrepreneurship linked with informal economy. The risks are seen as social facts, objective or constructed, in some cases pointing out also how people speak about them. The testimonial stories of business show an individual or family focus on the risks, without major concern for legitimacy of action, albeit a need for distinction toward other corresponding risk-takers.
Research limitations/implications
The findings illustrate important aspects of informal economy in Russia, but they cannot be generalized. It would be most useful to carry out qualitative studies of small business to assess perception and construction of risks and coping with them, capturing the views of entrepreneurs themselves.
Originality/value
There is rather little micro-level information concerning the risks or uncertainty when launching and running business in the Russian Federation. Qualitative data enable deeper understanding of sensitive issues. The paper wants to introduce the concept of risk into the social research of informal economy.
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Martin Gächter, David A. Savage and Benno Torgler
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workplace factors and the intentions of police officers to quit their current department.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between workplace factors and the intentions of police officers to quit their current department.
Design/methodology/approach
Data from a survey of Baltimore officers, designed to examine the relationship between police stress and domestic violence in police families were used. Using multivariate regression analysis, the authors focus on the officers' stated intentions to look for alternative employment, with proxies for social and workplace factors.
Findings
Higher levels of cooperation (trust), interactional justice and work‐life‐balance reduce police officers' intentions to quit. While high levels of physical and psychological strain and trauma are not correlated with intentions to quit.
Research limitations/implications
A discernible limitation of this study is the age of the data analyzed and that many changes have occurred in recent times (policing and social). It would be of great interest to repeat this study to gauge the true effect.
Practical implications
There are policy implications for retention and recruitment: it may possible to decrease the ethnic and gender gaps, through identifying officers at risk and creating programs to hold existing minorities, recruit more, whilst maintaining a strong, happy and healthy department.
Originality/value
This study examines the impact of workplace factors on quitting intention for police officers. It is demonstrated that social capital, fairness and work‐life balance are moderators for quitting, adding to the literature on worker retention, as little research has been done using multivariate analysis on quitting intentions.