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Publication date: 3 June 2015

Joy Gaston Gayles, Rebecca E. Crandall and Clifford R. Jones

The overrepresentation and lack of academic success for Black male athletes on college campuses are problems that warrant attention in the 21st century. A recent report from the…

Abstract

The overrepresentation and lack of academic success for Black male athletes on college campuses are problems that warrant attention in the 21st century. A recent report from the University of Pennsylvania shows that over the four-year period between 2007 and 2010, Black males were overrepresented in college sports (Harper, Williams, & Blackman, 2013), a startling reality considering that Black males are severely underrepresented in the general student body. Further complicating matters is the fact that Black male student-athletes do not graduate from college at rates comparable to their peers (Harper et al., 2013). Focused primarily on the experiences of Division I Black male student-athletes, this chapter begins with an overview of literature relevant to successful academic support programs. The authors also present an overview of best practices for advising African American male student-athletes, derived from athletic departments with a demonstrated record of academic success for Black males.

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Black Males and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Problems and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-394-1

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Publication date: 3 June 2015

Collin D. Williams

In the 1980s, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) passed several eligibility rules to address concerns about the academic and personal development of its…

Abstract

In the 1980s, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) passed several eligibility rules to address concerns about the academic and personal development of its participants (Gaston-Gayles, 2009). Despite garnering publicity, fostering school pride, providing entertainment, and generating billions of dollars in revenue for the Division I-affiliated institutions they attend (Sylwester, M., & Witosky, T. (2004). Athletic spending grows as academic funds dry up. USAToday.com, February 18. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2004-02-18-athletic-spending- cover_x.htm), student-athletes are prevented from receiving compensation beyond athletic scholarships by the NCAA’s amateurism principle. Consequently, the ethical question at the center of college sports is: how do participants benefit from the college experience relative to their non-sport peers? While the NCAA typically reports benefits, research that disaggregates the data by sport, division, race, and sex reveals long-standing and pervasive inequities (Harper, Williams, & Blackman, 2013). Accordingly, this chapter juxtaposes NCAA’s rhetoric, principles, and espoused goals with the lived realities of the most populous demographic group within high revenue-generating collegiate sports, Black male student-athletes.

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Black Males and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Problems and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-394-1

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Book part
Publication date: 3 June 2015

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Black Males and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Problems and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-394-1

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Book part
Publication date: 3 February 2025

Chandrima Chakraborty and Dipyaman Pal

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Performance Analysis of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: A Global Outlook
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-743-7

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Book part
Publication date: 24 March 2021

Carla Young

Scholarship on alternative organizations and cooperatives has argued that networks and intermediaries foster organizational form stability and protect collectivist-democratic…

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Scholarship on alternative organizations and cooperatives has argued that networks and intermediaries foster organizational form stability and protect collectivist-democratic organizations from rationalization as well as decoupling. This study of field-level organizing among food co-ops in the United States shows that rather than buffering collectivist organizations from conventional market and rationalization pressures, meta-organizations can also serve as a conduit for rationalizing pressures, subjecting vulnerable organizations to what I call quasi-coercive isomorphism. Using interviews of field participants, ethnographic observations of conferences, and content analysis of organizational documents, I examine the formation and impact of National Co+op Grocers, a meta-cooperative created to leverage scale and pool resources among food co-ops. I find that this meta-organization enforced grocery industry-oriented norms of operation, management, and presentation among its member organizations in return for providing mutual liability and economies of scale. This focus on select operationally scalable processes and structures for support generated isomorphic pressures that exposed, rather than sheltered, co-ops, especially smaller, resource-poor ones, from industry standards. The meta-organization thus promoted a sectorized model of more marketized practices for the field’s cooperatives that pushed co-ops to adopt conventional grocery store practices and distanced them from the practices of other cooperative form fields. Moreover, the potential of cooperative form-specific elements for scaling was not realized: collective ownership and democratic governance remained local concerns. These findings suggest that whether meso-level cooperation among cooperatives can support alternative form maintenance is contingent on the structure and scope of the meta-organization and on the perceived scalability of operational and governance elements of the cooperative organizational form.

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Organizational Imaginaries: Tempering Capitalism and Tending to Communities through Cooperatives and Collectivist Democracy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-989-7

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Book part
Publication date: 3 June 2015

Darren D. Kelly, Louis Harrison and Leonard N. Moore

This chapter explores the potential of African American male faculty and staff members to serve as mentors to high-profile African American male student-athletes at large…

Abstract

This chapter explores the potential of African American male faculty and staff members to serve as mentors to high-profile African American male student-athletes at large, predominantly White institutions (PWIs) of higher education. These students are a large and very visible subset of the African American male student population at these institutions and often influence how African American male students are viewed and treated by other faculty, students, and the university communities at large. Based on empirical research and combined classroom and administrative experience of over 35 years, this chapter will present the issues that African American male student-athletes face as they transition into these institutions utilizing the athletic identity, transition, and mentoring frameworks and provide solutions for administrators and faculty members to use in their efforts to help guide these students toward achieving athletic, academic, and personal success.

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Black Males and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Problems and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-394-1

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Book part
Publication date: 3 June 2015

LaVar J. Charleston, Jerlando F. L. Jackson, Ryan P. Adserias and Nicole M. Lang

This chapter explores the complexity of issues surrounding Black males and athletics in higher education. Multiple studies over the past decade and a half have depicted an…

Abstract

This chapter explores the complexity of issues surrounding Black males and athletics in higher education. Multiple studies over the past decade and a half have depicted an oppositional relationship between athletics and academic achievement. Research suggests that media imagery, stereotyping, and other non-academic influences on African American males who participate in intercollegiate athletics tend to result in an over-identification with professional athletes, sports, and perceptions of great value associated with physical performance activities and a simultaneous under-identification with academic performance, scholarly identity, and student development. These pressures ultimately limit career options outside of athletics. In an effort to combat these issues, Beyond the Game™ (BTG) Program, a program described in this chapter that was developed in Wisconsin’s Equity and Inclusion Laboratory (Wei LAB) and implemented at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, seeks to harness curricular, co-curricular, and on-the-field leadership training to strategically develop and support post-graduation options. This comprehensive, multi-faceted program directly confronts the challenges student-athletes face when they exhaust their eligibility status but have yet to identify viable career alternatives to professional sports. This chapter explores the main tenants of the program, established with a group of Division 1 NCAA-affiliated college athletes as participants.

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Black Males and Intercollegiate Athletics: An Exploration of Problems and Solutions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-394-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1985

The preceding pages have concentrated on the approach to retrospective conversion which is based on the assumption that the library engaged in recon will wish to buy in externally…

41

Abstract

The preceding pages have concentrated on the approach to retrospective conversion which is based on the assumption that the library engaged in recon will wish to buy in externally created records, for reasons of cost and/or to upgrade and improve the intellectual quality and consistency of its catalogue. The alternative is to translate one's existing catalogue records into machine‐readable form more or less as they stand. This is obviously the only recourse if the records are such that they are unlikely to be available elsewhere, particularly so with rare collections or with foreign materials where no national MARC service exists. It may also be a preferred option if the library has, in its existing catalogue records, qualities it wishes to preserve. It certainly avoids the problem of how to add in local data. For this second approach, there are two basic techniques: keyboarding; and scanning, using a visual character recognition device. In either case, there remains the problem of tagging the record so that it may be manipulated, accessed etc. by the various elements such as author, title, imprint, class‐mark etc. For the keyboarding approach, the solution has been to mark up or encode, to greater or lesser degrees of sophistication, the copy from which the keyboarder works. For records read by scanners the solution has been sought in Automatic Format Recognition. There are a number of successful uses of AFR, but it cannot be said to have found widespread application. However, a new service from OPTIRAM/LIBPAC offers very sophisticated scanning with customised format recognition software to produce output in MARC or any required format. A full and more detailed account of the system by Martin Harrison of LIBPAC will appear in the July issue of Program. The account here is, I hope, sufficient to give a guide to what appears to be a system of above‐average intelligence. Some user‐reaction is included in the following article by Marion Ralls on the recon activities at Edinburgh.

Details

VINE, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-5728

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Article
Publication date: 30 May 2023

Heidi M. Baumann and Tanya M. Marcum

As a result of COVID-19 and associated stay-at-home orders, the number of employees working remotely reached unprecedented levels during early periods of the pandemic. Since that…

1882

Abstract

Purpose

As a result of COVID-19 and associated stay-at-home orders, the number of employees working remotely reached unprecedented levels during early periods of the pandemic. Since that time, some employees have returned to the office; yet, there is a lasting impact on employees’ desires for remote work. In response, decision-makers in organizations should be equipped with knowledge regarding what makes remote work beneficial for both employees and the organization and also fair and compliant with the law. This paper aims to take a dual perspective spanning human capital and legal aspects of remote work to offer six practical recommendations to organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews the human resources (HR) scholarly literature on remote work, using principles from evidence-based management to select valid and reliable findings in which to base practical recommendations for organizations. Associated legal risks are identified through a review of the legal literature on remote work and integrated into the recommendations.

Findings

Building on a multilevel model of HR practices, the authors offer the following six practical recommendations to organizations: offer hybrid work and both location and schedule flexibility; ensure fair and compliant work schedules; acknowledge manager perceptions; ensure fair approval and evaluation of remote workers; acknowledge individual workers; and align remote work practices with diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.

Originality/value

The multilevel model of remote work practices discussed in this paper offers an organizing framework for identifying advantages and disadvantages of remote work that future research may build upon. The six recommendations help bridge the research–practice gap by providing organizations with knowledge on how to maximize the benefits of remote work while mitigating potential legal risks.

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1985

Martin Harrison

An overview of the OPTIRAM/LIBPAC computerised system for the intelligent optical scanning of catalogue cards, or any other form of printed or good hand‐written material, into a…

59

Abstract

An overview of the OPTIRAM/LIBPAC computerised system for the intelligent optical scanning of catalogue cards, or any other form of printed or good hand‐written material, into a full MARC format is given. The article provides information on the sophisticated scanning technology employed, using standard Group 3 facsimile transmission devices to read catalogue card entries and produce an internally coded data string, used to drive format recognition programs developed by LIBPAC, each tailored to suit a particular application. Sections deal with the varied aspects of this individual approach and the benefits that can arise from taking advantage of user‐specific software to enhance and standardise the resulting machine‐readable catalogue. The article includes examples which show the full capabilities of the optical scanner and examples of catalogue cards that have been converted into the MARC format.

Details

Program, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0033-0337

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