Search results

Japanese‐focused management papers were examined to answer four questions: (1) Has there been a relative increase in the proportion of Japanese‐focused papers published? (2) Has there been a relative increase in the proportion of Japanese‐focused Organizational Behavior (OB) papers published? (3) What is the nature of Japanese‐focused OB papers? and (4) Are there “gaps” in the Japanese‐focused OB literature? This paper concludes that there was no increase in the proportion of Japanese‐focused OB papers published between 1981 and 1993. There were topical “gaps” in the Japanese‐focused OB literature considered Most empirical papers dealt with OB on an individual level. Papers related to personality; motivation; and satisfaction, absences, and turnover were conspicuously absent from the sample.

This study documents the role of relational trust in an afterschool organization and its influences on young people’s experiences.

Through a 10-month ethnographic study of one afterschool program that teaches teens how to make documentaries, I demonstrate that the confluence of blurred organizational goals; weak relational trust among staff; and funding pressures may have the unintended consequence of exploiting students for their work products and life stories.

The study finds that, while not all organizations function with student work at its center, many afterschool organizations are under increasing pressures to document student gains through tangible measures.

Implications from these findings reveal the need for developing strong relationships among staff members as well as establishing transparency in funding afterschool programs from within the organization and from foundations in order to provide quality programming for young people.

This study informs organizational theory, specifically in terms of measures of variation in relational trust within an organization and its influence on young people. This chapter includes student accounts of experiences with staff to enhance the significance of relational trust.

Dirty work involves contacting “polluting” substances; engaging in unpleasant tasks; and dealing with disvalued people, beings, or other objects. As Hughes (1984) observes:(E)very occupation is not one but several activities; some of them are the “dirty work” of the trade. It may be dirty in one of several ways. It may be simply physically disgusting. It may be a symbol of degradation, something that wounds one's dignity….(I)t may be dirty work in that it in some way goes counter to the more heroic of our moral conceptions. Dirty work of some kind is found in all occupations. (p. 343)

Extensive ethnographic research with wives of professional athletes revealed that in certain sport families, the mother-in-law/daughter-in-law relationship is among the numerous unique marital and occupational stressors these wives confront in their everyday life. Many wives believe they must compete with their mothers-in-law for their husbands’ attention, love, and support. This chapter makes a case for their use of the intersecting and complementary processes of “control management” and emotion management, which involve a variety of interactional strategies, in maintaining these relationships. Although these self-management processes tend to further entrench the wives in the subordinate status to which they are relegated in this male-dominated occupational world, they learn to skillfully use these processes as they struggle to preserve their marriages, support their husbands’ careers, and maintain a well-defined sense of self.

Argued is the need for: (1) a clearer interpretation of procedural ethics guidelines; (2) the identification and development of ethical field case study models which can be incorporated into university ethics teaching; (3) an understanding of the vulnerabilities of researchers and participants as reflected in the researchers' positionality and reflexivity and (4) ethnographic monitoring as a participant-friendly and participatory ethics methodology.

This article, drawn from the author's four-decade trajectory of collective ethnographic research, addresses the ethical challenges and dilemmas encountered by researchers when conducting ethnographic research, particularly with vulnerable migrant women and youth.

The author addresses dilemmas in field research resulting from different interpretations of ethics and emphasizes the need for researchers to be critically aware of their own vulnerabilities and those of migrants to avoid unethical practices in validating the context(s), language(s), culture and political landscape of their study.

The author presents case studies from the US and the Netherlands, underlining her positionality and reflexivity and revisits Dell Hymes' ethnographic monitoring approach as a participant-friendly, bottom-up methodology which enables researchers to co-construct knowledge with participants and leads to participatory ethics.

She presents case studies from the US and the Netherlands underlining her positionality and reflexivity and revisits Dell Hymes’ ethnographic monitoring approach as a participant-friendly, bottom up methodology which enables researchers to co-construct knowledge with participants and engage in participatory ethics.

Finally, she proposes guidelines for the ethical conduct of research with migrant populations that contribute to the broader methodological debates currently taking place in qualitative migration research.

Expected from this reading is the legacy that as a qualitative migration researcher one can after 4 decades of research leave behind as caveats and considerations in working with vulnerable migrants and the ethical dilemmas and challenges that need to be overcome.

The purpose of this paper is to argue that the use of technology by the “always connected” guest has changed the dynamics of the relationship between the hospitality entity and customer. Today's mobile customers have begun to create their own customized value with an organization. This transformation has caused a paradigm shift in a relationship once built on static, episodic periods of communication.

This paper conceptualizes a framework to support the claim of technological change begun with the internet and migrating to the present use of mobile technology. This change has fundamentally altered both business and leisure lives of travellers. The design of the article pivots around customer-facing technology as the principal engagement factor in developing a new model for decision making by industry.

Customers now access information as they need it; they are no longer tethered to a desktop device. This freedom has allowed the consumer to create value when and where he/she chooses. The duration of time for potential interaction has expanded, as the company can push information more frequently to their customers; however, the guest can still choose how often, when and where to pull the details. The customer has become his/her own “host” with the solutions provided by mobile technology.

With the accelerating adoption of customer-facing devices, the issues of privacy and security have gained greater importance. Another research extension of this paper includes the impact of customer-facing technology on the guest life cycle and the impact of location-based services and “Near Field” communications on the customer experience.

Customers want their travel experience to be a seamless one; hospitality companies will need to begin a new customer-facing dialogue with their visitors. This industry can benefit from understanding the customer's greater power by comprehending the timing and duration of messages based on this mobile environment.

Mobile technology has allowed the untethered, always available consumer, to have control over his experience and the ability to customize his experience. This paper demonstrates that as the hospitality industry has moved away from management-facing technology to the new customer-facing technology, this paradigm shift offers the industry enormous opportunity to continue its development of newer and better mobile technologies.

The new protein conversion factors presented in this circular are based upon the most reliable information available regarding the nature and composition of the proteins in the materials concerned. Although it is realised that their use will not give values which will express the quantity of protein in the different food materials with absolute accuracy, it is believed that they will give values representing the real protein content more closely than those obtained by the indiscriminate application of the factor 6·25, now in general use. How these factors are to be applied must be left to the discretion of those who wish to use them in their own particular fields.

This chapter takes the ‘wakefulness promoting’ drug modafinil as an exemplarity case in the sociology of pharmaceutical enhancement. The chapter draws on empirical data collected through 25 interviews with prospective users of modafinil, focusing on two of the ways in which prospective users of modafinil imagined how the drug might be used in their specific social domains: the use of modafinil as a safety tool in the workplace and its use as a study aid by university students. The data presented in this chapter suggests that although a therapy-enhancement dichotomy is a useful heuristic; it could also be limiting to uphold as it may direct attention away from other ways in which uses for new technologies can be positioned, negotiated, realised and resisted by (potential) users in the context of their daily lives.

This chapter uncovers the destabilizing and transformative dimensions of a legal process commonly described as assimilation. Lawyers working on behalf of a marginalized group often argue that the group merits inclusion in dominant institutions, and they do so by casting the group as like the majority. Scholars have criticized claims of this kind for affirming the status quo and muting significant differences of the excluded group. Yet, this chapter shows how these claims may also disrupt the status quo, transform dominant institutions, and convert distinctive features of the excluded group into more widely shared legal norms. This dynamic is observed in the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, and specifically through attention to three phases of LGBT advocacy: (1) claims to parental recognition of unmarried same-sex parents, (2) claims to marriage, and (3) claims regarding the consequences of marriage for same-sex parents. The analysis shows how claims that appeared assimilationist – demanding inclusion in marriage and parenthood by arguing that same-sex couples are similarly situated to their different-sex counterparts – subtly challenged and reshaped legal norms governing parenthood, including marital parenthood. While this chapter focuses on LGBT claims, it uncovers a dynamic that may exist in other settings.

Although informal communication at work has been shown to serve important functions of sociality, little is known about the messages that comprise routine, everyday interaction. The purpose of this paper is to examine two different informal interactions between 100 remote employees and their central office peers to determine the kinds of messages used in informal interaction using thematic analysis.

Teleworkers recalled informal interactions with central office peers; interactions were coded using constructivist methodology, then collapsed into dominant themes using a constant comparison approach. Patterns in responses were then related to a literature‐based (constructivist) analysis of how informal communication functions.

Five key themes were identified: personal disclosure, sociality, support giving and getting, commiserating/complaining, and business updates and exchanges. These informal workplace interactions also reflected underlying dimensions of perceived organizational membership: need fulfillment, mattering, and belonging, and suggest ways the framework could be strengthened.

Themes from reported interactions provide message‐level evidence that informal communication serves both instrumental and constitutive functions. Including interactions reported by co‐located employees would have allowed for a comparison.

Results have important implications for how informal communication functions between peers. Managers can use the results to facilitate communication opportunities for remote and co‐located employees.

Message‐level analysis of informal communication between peers has not been considered as important as hierarchical communication within businesses and organizations. Reported interactions illuminate how informal communication functions, and suggest a link between informal interaction and important individual‐ and organizational‐level outcomes, adding to existing knowledge about the understudied population of permanent, high‐intensity teleworkers.