Benedikt Lebek, Jörg Uffen, Markus Neumann, Bernd Hohler and Michael H. Breitner
This paper aims to provide an overview of theories used in the field of employees’ information systems (IS) security behavior over the past decade. Research gaps and implications…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of theories used in the field of employees’ information systems (IS) security behavior over the past decade. Research gaps and implications for future research are worked out by analyzing and synthesizing existing literature.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the results of a literature review comprising 113 publications. The literature review was designed to identify applied theories and to understand the cognitive determinants in the research field. A meta-model that explains employees’ IS security behavior is introduced by assembling the core constructs of the used theories.
Findings
The paper identified 54 used theories, but four behavioral theories were primarily used: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), General Deterrence Theory (GDT), Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). By synthesizing results of empirically tested research models, a survey of factors proven to have a significant influence on employees’ security behavior is presented.
Research limitations/implications
Some relevant publications might be missing within this literature review due to the selection of search terms and/or databases. However, by conduction a forward and a backward search, this paper has limited this error source to a minimum.
Practical implications
This study presents an overview of determinants that have been proven to influence employees’ behavioral intention. Based thereon, concrete training and awareness measures can be developed. This is valuable for practitioners in the process of designing Security Education, Training and Awareness (SETA) programs.
Originality/value
This paper presents a comprehensive up-to-date overview of existing academic literature in the field of employees’ security awareness and behavior research. Based on a developed meta-model, research gaps are identified and implications for future research are worked out.
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Sebastian Böhmelt, Nils Kielian, Michael Hagel, Marcus Stiemer, Marvin-Lucas Henkel and Markus Clemens
The purpose of this paper is to present the implementation of a balanced domain decomposition approach for the numerical simulation of large electro-quasistatic (EQS) systems in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the implementation of a balanced domain decomposition approach for the numerical simulation of large electro-quasistatic (EQS) systems in biology. The numerical scheme is analyzed and first applications are discussed.
Design/methodology/approach
The scheme is based on a finite element discretization of the individual domains obtained by decomposition and a physically consistent inter-domain coupling realized via Robin boundary conditions. The proposed algorithms can efficiently be implemented on a highly parallelized computing grid.
Findings
The feasibility and applicability of the method is proven. Further, a couple of technical details are found that increase the efficiency of the method.
Originality/value
The presented method offers an enhanced geometrical flexibility and extensibility to simulate larger cell systems with higher model resolution compared to other methods presented in the literature. The presented analysis provides an understanding of the balanced coupling scheme for large EQS systems.
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Benjamin Kücherer, Markus Dresel and Martin Daumiller
Professional training courses play an important role for higher education instructors and their teaching quality. However, participants strongly differ in how much they learn in…
Abstract
Purpose
Professional training courses play an important role for higher education instructors and their teaching quality. However, participants strongly differ in how much they learn in these courses. The present study seeks to explain these differences by focusing on attention as a central aspect of their behavioral engagement that can stem from participants' achievement motivations.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigated the attention of participants in full-day higher education professional training courses and how differences therein are associated with their achievement goals. Prior to course participation, 117 university instructors (49.6% male, 79.5% with PhD, average age 31.4 years) reported their achievement goals. Using an adapted observational instrument (Hommel, 2012a), two raters subsequently observed and coded the participants' attention during the course (ICC2 = 0.83).
Findings
The results documented very high attention levels, although with substantial interindividual differences. Multilevel analyses indicated that learning goals positively and work avoidance goals negatively predicted observed attention.
Originality/value
The findings provide insight into the value of an observational approach to measuring a fundamental aspect of learning engagement, and contribute to the understanding of interindividual differences in an important higher education learning environment. The study illuminates the relevance of personal predictors for university instructors' successful learning. Specifically, the findings point to the significance of goals as a relevant, but surprisingly hitherto uninvestigated, premise of learning engagement.
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Herbert De Gersem, Markus Wilke, Markus Clemens and Thomas Weiland
Certain sophisticated boundary conditions offer powerful modelling features for many electrotechnical models. Their application, however, wipes out the particular structure of the…
Abstract
Certain sophisticated boundary conditions offer powerful modelling features for many electrotechnical models. Their application, however, wipes out the particular structure of the system matrices which occurs when structured grids are applied. In this paper, this effect is prevented by considering the unconstrained system together with additional constraint equations or by projecting the algebraic system using an oblique or orthogonal projector. The numerical tests indicate that the efficiency of sparse iterative solvers can be preserved even in the presence of complicated boundary relations. The described projections are also advantageous for formulations derived for unstructured grids.
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Markus Wick, Sebastian Grabmaier, Matthias Juettner and Wolfgang Rucker
The high computational effort of steady-state simulations limits the optimization of electrical machines. Stationary solvers calculate a fast but less accurate approximation…
Abstract
Purpose
The high computational effort of steady-state simulations limits the optimization of electrical machines. Stationary solvers calculate a fast but less accurate approximation without eddy-currents and hysteresis losses. The harmonic balance approach is known for efficient and accurate simulations of magnetic devices in the frequency domain. But it lacks an efficient method for the motion of the geometry.
Design/methodology/approach
The high computational effort of steady-state simulations limits the optimization of electrical machines. Stationary solvers calculate a fast but less accurate approximation without eddy-currents and hysteresis losses. The harmonic balance approach is known for efficient and accurate simulations of magnetic devices in the frequency domain. But it lacks an efficient method for the motion of the geometry.
Findings
The three-phase symmetry reduces the simulated geometry to the sixth part of one pole. The motion transforms to a frequency offset in the angular Fourier series decomposition. The calculation overhead of the Fourier integrals is negligible. The air impedance approximation increases the accuracy and yields a convergence speed of three iterations per decade.
Research limitations/implications
Only linear materials and two-dimensional geometries are shown for clearness. Researchers are encouraged to adopt recent harmonic balance findings and to evaluate the performance and accuracy of both formulations for larger applications.
Practical implications
This method offers fast-frequency domain simulations in the optimization process of rotating machines and so an efficient way to treat time-dependent effects such as eddy-currents or voltage-driven coils.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a new, efficient and accurate method to simulate a rotating machine in the frequency domain.
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Kieran Taylor-Neu, Abu S. Rahaman, Gregory D. Saxton and Dean Neu
This study aims to examine whether senior Enron executive emails celebrated, or at least left a space for, corporate irresponsibility. Engaging with prior organizational-focused…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine whether senior Enron executive emails celebrated, or at least left a space for, corporate irresponsibility. Engaging with prior organizational-focused research, we investigate how corporate emails sent by senior executives help constitute Enron by communicating to employees senior management’s stance about important topics and social characters.
Design/methodology/approach
The study analyzes the 527,356 sentences contained in 144,228 emails sent by Enron senior executives and other employees in the three-year period (1999–2001) before the company’s collapse. Sentences are used as the base-level speech unit because we are interested in identifying the tone and emotions expressed about specific topics and stakeholders. Tone is measured using Loughran and McDonald’s (2016) financial dictionary approach, and emotion is measured using Mohammad and Turney’s (2013) NRC word-emotion lexicon. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regressions are used to explore the determinants of senior management tone and emotions.
Findings
The analysis illustrates that while both senior executives and other employees utilized email to help accomplish task-related activities, they employed different evaluative tones to talk about key topics and stakeholders. Also important is what is left unsaid, with a “spiral of silence” emanating from senior management that created a space for corporate irresponsibility.
Originality/value
Combining advanced computerized textual analysis with qualitative techniques, we analyze a unique dataset to explore micro details involved in using email to communicate a tone at the top. The findings illustrate how what is said or not said by senior management contributes to the constitution of an organization.
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While visual arts, drama, dance and music have been used to enhance literacy learning for many decades in preschool and primary classrooms, engaging with mobile learning can also…
Abstract
While visual arts, drama, dance and music have been used to enhance literacy learning for many decades in preschool and primary classrooms, engaging with mobile learning can also provide many opportunities for young learners to explore and develop language and literacy. The use of mobile devices is of particular interest as technology has an impact on pedagogy and the mobility of digital devices provides many opportunities for engaged and meaningful literacy learning when teamed with the arts. In this chapter, we define the arts and their relationship with literacy learning before exploring a number of resources and practices for integrating their use in early learning settings.
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Markus Siepermann, Christian Rehtanz, Volker Liebenau, Richard Lackes and Martin Gebauer
The purpose of this study is to analyse the contribution of shifting the load of household devices from periods of renewable energy underproduction to surplus periods in order to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the contribution of shifting the load of household devices from periods of renewable energy underproduction to surplus periods in order to better match energy production and demand.
Design/methodology/approach
An optimisation model for load shifting of household devices is developed and analysed with the help of a simulation of energy loads for the year 2030 in Germany.
Findings
About 1.48% of the renewable surplus energy can be used in addition which equals total savings between €15.06m and €106.71m. However, 24.47% of the surplus periods can be compensated completely and 6.38% up to a level of 94%.
Research limitations/implications
A 100% diffusion of smart metres and devices and a high acceptance among consumers are assumed so that the results of this study present an upper bound for the contribution of household load shifting.
Practical implications
Load shifting of household devices provides only a small contribution and can only be one measure among others. It is crucial to find and invest in new energy storage systems so that more renewable spill-over energy can be used.
Originality/value
An optimisation model for load shifting is developed. Customer behaviour and devices are considered individually and not only a fixed percental share. Beside peak load periods also periods of renewable spill-over energy are considered.
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Looking back over the 1990s, it is easy to see the widespread troubles of many ventures that depended upon advanced IT applications, including business process re‐engineering…
Abstract
Looking back over the 1990s, it is easy to see the widespread troubles of many ventures that depended upon advanced IT applications, including business process re‐engineering projects, enterprise systems, knowledge management projects, online distance education courses, and, famously, some of the dot‐com businesses. These “troubles” vary from substantial underperformance (i.e. projects that were much more costly and/or produced much less social or business value than most of the participating IT professionals anticipated) and many outright failures. Many of these “troubles” could have been avoided (or at least ameliorated) if the participating IT professionals had much more reliable and critical understanding of the relationships between IT configurations, socio‐technical interventions, social behavior of other participants in different roles, and the dynamics of organizational and social change. Social informatics is the name of the field that studies and theorizes this topic, and is discussed in more detail in this paper. The key issue addressed in this paper is who will produce social informatics research for IT professionals, and where will they learn about important findings, theories, design approaches, etc.? The paper examines the record of computer science in the US as a major contributor to the relevant research and teaching. It also examines the possibilities for new kinds of academic programs – sometimes called “information schools” and “IT schools” – that are being developed to expand beyond the self‐imposed boundaries of computer science and to integrate some organizational and social research as sites for social informatics.
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Matthias Jüttner, Andreas Pflug, Markus Wick and Wolfgang M. Rucker
Multiphysics problems are solved either with monolithic or segregated approaches. For accomplishing contrary discretisation requirements of the physics, disparate meshes are…
Abstract
Purpose
Multiphysics problems are solved either with monolithic or segregated approaches. For accomplishing contrary discretisation requirements of the physics, disparate meshes are essential. This paper is comparing experimental results of different interpolation methods for a segregated coupling with monolithic approaches, implemented using a global and a local nearest neighbour method. The results show the significant influence of discretisation for multiphysics simulation.
Design/methodology/approach
Applying disparate meshes to the monolithic as well as the segregated calculation of finite element problems and evaluating the related numerical error is content of the contribution. This is done by an experimental evaluation of a source and a material coupling applied to a multiphysics problem. After an introduction to the topic, the evaluated multiphysics model is described based on two bidirectional coupled problems and its finite element representation. Afterwards, the considered methods for approximating the coupling are introduced. Then, the evaluated methods are described and the experimental results are discussed. A summary concludes this work.
Findings
An experimental evaluation of the numerical errors for different multiphysics coupling methods using disparate meshes is presented based on a bidirectional electro-thermal simulation. Different methods approximating the coupling values are introduced and challenges of applying these methods are given. It is also shown, that the approximation of the coupling integrals is expensive. Arguments for applying the different methods to the monolithic and the segregated solution strategies are given and applied on the example. The significant influence of the mesh density within the coupled meshes is shown. Since the projection and the interpolation methods do influence the result, a careful decision is advised.
Originality/value
In this contribution, existing coupling methods are described, applied and compared on their application for coupling disparate meshes within a multiphysics simulation. Knowing their performance is relevant when deciding for a monolithic or a segregated calculation approach with respect to physics dependent contrary discretisation requirements. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time these methods are compared with a focus on an application in multiphysics simulations and experimental results are discussed.