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Article
Publication date: 29 May 2020

Stefan Kazula, Mark Wöllner and Klaus Höschler

This paper aims to reveal the influence of selected geometric parameters on the aerodynamic performance of circular variable aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil…

209

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to reveal the influence of selected geometric parameters on the aerodynamic performance of circular variable aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil aviation.

Design/methodology/approach

The trade-off in inlet design and aerodynamic evaluation parameters is presented. The approach to investigate the dependencies between the aerodynamic and geometric parameters at different flight conditions by means of a parametric design study is introduced.

Findings

The dependencies of inlet drag and efficiency from geometric parameters at flight speeds of Mach 0.95 up to Mach 1.6 are identified. Although entailing additional weight, the inlet length represents the parameter with the highest potential for drag reduction by up to 50% in the selected design space. Ideal geometries for variable pitot inlets are determined. After considering weight, their potential range benefit nearly disappears for subsonic applications, but remains above 20% for supersonic flight at Mach 1.6.

Originality/value

Hence, the technology of circular variable pitot inlets for supersonic transport aircraft could be a way to achieve the ambitious ecological, safety and economic goals for future civil aviation.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 92 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

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Book part
Publication date: 7 December 2023

Alexander Mitterle

Within the last two decades, entrepreneurship education has become institutionalized in Germany. It is offered as a stand-alone program or as part of a business degree, combining…

Abstract

Within the last two decades, entrepreneurship education has become institutionalized in Germany. It is offered as a stand-alone program or as part of a business degree, combining academic knowledge, practical skills, and personal development to enhance the entrepreneurial success of university graduates. While entrepreneurship education has experienced similar growth worldwide, its emergence in Germany is closely tied to the country’s political and economic developments. The significance of entrepreneurship education for a thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem and contemporary economic policy has been instrumental in advancing its academic recognition. This chapter provides a historical analysis of the academization of entrepreneurship in Germany. It explores the recursive and often idiosyncratic processes involving state and financial institutions, companies, and universities that have created, respecified, and mutually reinforced a subdiscipline and field of study. Academic entrepreneurship knowledge successively not only became relevant for starting a business but also for employment within the entrepreneurial infrastructure and beyond. This chapter follows a chronological order, highlighting three key stages in the academization of entrepreneurship education. First, the academic, financial, and political roots (I) of entrepreneurship up until the 1970s. Second, it explores the transformation (II) of entrepreneurship into a viable policy alternative and the challenges faced in establishing complementary research and education in higher education institutions during the 1980s. Finally, it sketches the institutionalization (III) of entrepreneurship as a central driver of government economic policy, allowing for the late bloom of entrepreneurship education and research at universities around the turn of the millennium.

Details

How Universities Transform Occupations and Work in the 21st Century: The Academization of German and American Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-849-2

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Article
Publication date: 13 January 2025

Abdulbariu Ibrahim and Wasiu O. Raji

This study aims to characterize the reservoirs through well log analysis, intensive elastic log studies and cross-plotting (rock physics studies) of the Y-Field reservoirs to…

7

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to characterize the reservoirs through well log analysis, intensive elastic log studies and cross-plotting (rock physics studies) of the Y-Field reservoirs to define the reservoirs hosting hydrocarbons in the basin with structural complexity. Poor evaluation of sand body has been part of the problem leading to wet wells and these above methods accounted for this gap.

Design/methodology/approach

The basic parameters needed for the characterization are P-wave (Vp), S-wave (Vs) and density (ρ) and understanding the relationship between these parameters with the pore-fluid and lithology is of utmost importance in the evaluation of sand body. This was achieved through elastic rock physics studies. Important among these elastic logs include P-impedance (Zp), S-impedance (Zs), Vp/Vs ratio, Poisson’s ratio, lambda-rho (λρ) and mu-rho (µρ), and are critical. Rock physics diagnosis involving elastic log generation and analysis accompanied by cross-plotting of the elastic logs color-coded with petrophysical properties were employed.

Findings

The findings from the elastic logs indicated that hydrocarbon-charged units are characterized by low Zp, Zs, Vp/Vs ratio, Poisson’s ratio, λρ and µρ resulting from a significant drop in P-wave and density because of hydrocarbon presence. The results also showed that some of the reservoirs with hydrocarbon accumulations exhibit high Vp/Vs and Poisson’s ratio as against their usual low values in hydrocarbon intervals which results from the presence of shale with high plasticity. The elastic logs cross-plots of Vp/Vs with Zp, Poisson’s ratio with Zp and λρ with µρ successfully distinguished between the hydrocarbon-charged zone and the brine-saturated units. All these outcomes are the benefits of this research.

Originality/value

It can be shown that the analysis/results have distinguished hydrocarbon-charged units from brine-saturated intervals and the originality lies in the integration of various sophisticated fluid identification templates.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 27 January 2023

Biswajit Mohapatra, Sushanta Tripathy and Deepak Singhal

As the COVID-19 epidemic ravages the world in the fourth industrial revolution era, the manufacturing sector faces its worst situation in a century. Lean philosophy, renowned as a…

345

Abstract

Purpose

As the COVID-19 epidemic ravages the world in the fourth industrial revolution era, the manufacturing sector faces its worst situation in a century. Lean philosophy, renowned as a “warrior philosophy,” can be an able rescuer to these industries. This study aims to identify the hurdles to lean strategy implementation and conduct an analysis to provide cognizance to policymakers, practitioners and decision-makers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study aims to identify the obstacles that obstruct lean implementation into seven primary barriers/components, with the fuzzy DEMATEL approach being used to evaluate the critical factors as well as the cause and effect factors among them. Expert opinions are sought to obtain the relevant data for evaluation purposes.

Findings

The results reveal that a firm should focus on firm cultural conflict scenario, resources–responses incapability, improve on suppliers’ attitude and execute a proper planning and logistics equation to alleviate the hindrances of implementing lean. As these causal factors influence the effect factors, namely, top management vision, management–employee relationship and human resource building, focusing on them automatically improves the effect factors; thus, the surge to overcome resistance to lean implementation is alleviated.

Practical implications

This research aids in identifying and analyzing lean implementation issues in the manufacturing and industrial sectors. The observations, results and insights drawn can act as a guiding force to rupture the resistance envelope covering the domain of lean implementation and possibly reinstating industries to survive and excel in the business post-COVID era.

Originality/value

This research introduces barriers to lean implementation in a unique way, as it articulates all sections of an industry and group the barriers based on the classification. It further prioritizes the barriers for their importance in the Indian industrial scenario. This would help the industry professionals and managers access the barriers and generate insight on how and where to start implementing lean.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 25 October 2021

Curie Scott

Abstract

Details

Drawing
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83867-325-3

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Article
Publication date: 9 July 2018

Ramadas T. and Satish K.P.

The purpose of this study is to present factors associated with process barriers in implementing lean manufacturing within the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

1033

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present factors associated with process barriers in implementing lean manufacturing within the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted to identify the process barriers in implementing lean manufacturing in SMEs. Moreover, by a thorough and detailed analysis, process barriers of high rejection rate, employee absenteeism and frequent breakdown with 29 associated variables were identified as the most critical process barriers and were used to develop the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to build the measurement model by drawing on samples of 128 SMEs in Kerala, a state in India. Later, the model was validated using statistical estimates. Data analysis helps to determine whether to accept or reject the hypothesis on the basis of the measurement model.

Findings

Several process barriers that prevent the successful implementation of lean manufacturing within SMEs are identified. These are lack of a training program, lack of periodical maintenance, low-quality standard materials from suppliers, bad vendor inspection, wear and tear of machines, communication gap between supervisors and workers, non-maintenance of a good employee–employer relationship, boredom on the job, overrunning machines beyond the capability, carelessness in work, not replacing worn damage parts periodically, ignoring warning signals of the machine classified as the most critical process barrier among the high rejection rate, employee absenteeism, frequent breakdown factors.

Research limitations/implications

First, the sample size of the study was relatively small (128). Second, data collection was restricted to one geographical area in India, i.e. Kerala, a state in India, giving rise to operational constraints. Third, the study was cross-sectional; a longitudinal study must be performed to reinforce the findings.

Practical implications

The present study has explored an unfocused area of lean implementation in SMEs. The results are expected to help researchers, academics and professionals in the domain of lean manufacturing.

Social implications

Governments of many countries around the world are helping and encouraging the implementation and understanding of the lean manufacturing system by providing financial assistance for training professionals and establishing professional associations. However, many industries have not been successful in lean implementation. This research aims to develop a strategy to tackle process barriers for successful lean implementation.

Originality/value

Very little research has been carried out in exploring process barriers in implementing lean manufacturing in SMEs. This paper will provide value to academics, researchers and practitioners of lean by providing insight into significant process barriers for lean implementation, especially in Indian industries.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 12 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 5 March 2018

T. Ramadas and K.P. Satish

The purpose of this paper is to present the factors associated with the employee barriers while implementing lean manufacturing within the small- and medium-scale enterprises…

1441

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the factors associated with the employee barriers while implementing lean manufacturing within the small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The structural equation modelling approach is employed to develop the initial model drawing a sample survey of 133 small and medium enterprises. The result of the study shows that the lack of well-trained and experienced staff, lack of knowledge about existing specialist, cultural resistance to change are acting as the employee barriers while implementing lean manufacturing in SMEs. Then, a further study has been conducted to develop the employee barrier model with these three factors and its contributing variables using specification search representing the sample of 117 small and medium enterprises using the following fit function criteria: Chi-square (C), Chi-square-df (C-df), Akaike information criteria, Browne-Cudeck criterion, Bayes information criterion, Chi-square divided by the degrees of freedom (C/df) and significance level (p).

Findings

The lack of well-trained and experienced staff, lack of knowledge about existing specialist, and cultural resistance to change with 19 associated elements were considered in the questionnaire. Specification search was carried out to build up the model on the collected data from 117 SMEs. The results of the specification search identified that these three factors with 15 key variables are significant to employee barrier while implementing lean manufacturing in SMEs.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of the study was that the sample size of the study was relatively small for further research, large sample size more than 117 are to be expected.

Practical implications

The present study has explored an unfocused area of lean implementation in small and medium enterprises. The results obtained from the study are expected to help researchers, academics, and professionals for the further studies in the domain of lean manufacturing.

Social implications

To implement and understand the lean manufacturing system, government of the many countries around the world are helping and encouraging by providing financial assistance for training professionals and establishing professional associations. However, many industries are not successful in lean implementation. This research work provides to develop a strategy to tackle employee barriers for successful lean implementation.

Originality/value

Very little research has been carried out exploring employee barriers while implementing lean manufacturing in SMEs. This paper will provide value to academics, researchers and practitioners of lean by way of providing insight into significant employee barriers for lean implementation, especially in Indian industries.

Details

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 67 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0401

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1997

Simon S.K. Lam

Examines organizational objectives when conducting quality planning and how different planning objectives are related to its perceived performance. The sample included 42 firms…

3530

Abstract

Examines organizational objectives when conducting quality planning and how different planning objectives are related to its perceived performance. The sample included 42 firms representing five different planning objective orientations. Four distinct cluster groups emerged. The four orientations were named as “strategic impact and communication”, “product/process improvement”, “co‐ordination”, and “no clear objectives”, based on the interpretation of the planning objectives that loaded on each respective factor. The results suggest that certain quality planning objectives were associated with significantly higher perceived performance and the level of planning sophistication only influenced the planning performance of some groups.

Details

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-671X

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