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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1995

Jayaraman Krishnasamy and Mark J. Jakiela

The motion of systems of polygonal objects is characterized by discontinuities due to changes in the set of contacts between polygons. Effective simulations of such a motion…

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Abstract

The motion of systems of polygonal objects is characterized by discontinuities due to changes in the set of contacts between polygons. Effective simulations of such a motion requires a simulation scheme that can automatically update the set of contacts during the simulation. This article focuses on a contact updating problem that arises when a penalty based contact model is used. A penalty based model requires a finite overlap of contacting polygons. This overlap results in ambiguities in characterizing corner‐corner contact between polygons. A simple yet effective scheme to overcome such ambiguities is presented.

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Engineering Computations, vol. 12 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Book part
Publication date: 14 December 2018

Pedro Rey-Biel, Roman Sheremeta and Neslihan Uler

We study how giving depends on income and luck, and how culture and information about the determinants of others’ income affect this relationship. Our data come from an experiment…

Abstract

We study how giving depends on income and luck, and how culture and information about the determinants of others’ income affect this relationship. Our data come from an experiment conducted in two countries, the USA and Spain – each of which have different beliefs about how income inequality arises. We find that when individuals are informed about the determinants of income, there are no cross-cultural differences in giving. When uninformed, however, Americans give less than the Spanish. This difference persists even after controlling for beliefs, personal characteristics, and values.

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Experimental Economics and Culture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-819-4

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Article
Publication date: 21 September 2018

Paul Agu Igwe, Robert Newbery, Nihar Amoncar, Gareth R.T. White and Nnamdi O. Madichie

The purpose of this paper is to examine the attributes of the Igbos in Eastern Nigeria and the underlying factors influencing their entrepreneurial behaviour. More specifically…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the attributes of the Igbos in Eastern Nigeria and the underlying factors influencing their entrepreneurial behaviour. More specifically, the study highlights the links between family, culture, institution and entrepreneurial behaviour in the African context.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a qualitative research method by interviewing 50 entrepreneurs and community leaders of the Igbo nation. Igbos have been described as “naturally enterprising and ingenious” and can be found throughout Nigeria and West Africa. Understanding the vagaries of ethnic entrepreneurship can arguably only be achieved through research that is undertaken within these socio-historically rich, traditional and cultural contexts.

Findings

Linked to the social learning theory, Igbo families provide an entrepreneurial leadership platform which influences youths through role models, providing mastery experiences and socialisation. The extended family provides a safe environment for risk taking, creativity and innovation. Also, an informal apprenticeship system provides entrepreneurial learning that prepares the younger generation to take to business as a way of life.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on a relatively small sample size of 50 respondents, which makes it difficult to generalise the findings despite the benefits of the research methods adopted in the study. Also, there are limitations to the extension of the findings to a generalised Igbo population comprising individuals who may, or may not, behave entrepreneurially.

Practical implications

There are significant practical implications, both nationally and internationally, for policy makers that are concerned with developing jobs for the growing population of unemployed youths and inclusive entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

Originality/value

The research has three main contributions. First, it valorises indigenous knowledge of family and institutional entrepreneurial behaviour in an African context. Second, it highlights the importance of the linked institutions of the extended family and the informal apprenticeship system in Igbo culture. Finally, it provides a model and an explanation of how the Igbo culture nurtures and develops transgenerational entrepreneurial behaviour.

Details

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2554

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 22 October 2024

Sumit Kumar Maji and Sourav Prasad

Present bias (PB) is a cognitive bias that stimulates the individual decision-maker to favour the present reward even over the higher reward in the future to avoid the uncertainty…

347

Abstract

Purpose

Present bias (PB) is a cognitive bias that stimulates the individual decision-maker to favour the present reward even over the higher reward in the future to avoid the uncertainty attached to the reward in an uncertain future. The article attempts to examine the prevalence of PB amongst Indians and the effect of such bias on savings and borrowings.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data on 47,132 respondents from the Financial Inclusion Insights, 2017 database was used in the study. The theory of self-control, which is captured by the widely accepted hyperbolic discounting model, was used to explore the presence of PB. Suitable statistical techniques and the binary probit regression model were employed to attain the objectives of the study.

Findings

The prevalence of PB was found amongst 8.2% of the sample respondents. The outcome of the study endorses the view of previous researchers that present-biased people tend to save less and borrow more.

Originality/value

Although the exploration of the role of various cognitive biases on financial behaviour is gaining momentum in recent times, there is a dearth of studies exploring the prevalence of PB and its implication towards financial behaviour, especially in the context of the emerging economy of India. The study makes an original contribution in this regard by using a very rich dataset of 47,132 individuals in the Indian context for the first time.

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IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2754-0138

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Article
Publication date: 16 September 2013

Stephen Mark Rosenbaum, Stephan Billinger and Nils Stieglitz

Corruption has traditionally been associated with an absence of pro-social norms such as trust and altruism. This paper challenges this view by examining market corruption �…

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Abstract

Purpose

Corruption has traditionally been associated with an absence of pro-social norms such as trust and altruism. This paper challenges this view by examining market corruption – one-shot exchange transactions between strangers in the shadow of the law. The paper aims to propose that in the absence of repeat interactions and legal remedies to prevent contractual violations, acts of market corruption will require strong norms of generalized trust and altruism. As such, pro-social norms facilitate, rather than mitigate, market corruption.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilizes meta-analysis to examine the relationship between pro-social behavior in economic experiments and prevailing corruption levels.

Findings

The results from meta-analyses of both trust- and dictator game experiments show positive, significant relationships between pro-social norms and prevailing corruption levels.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of the paper suggest the need for further research into the relationship between societal norms and different types of corruption.

Practical implications

Policymakers should be wary about attempting to combat corruption through bottom-up policies designed to strengthen pro-social norms. Such policies may be counter-productive in that they are likely to provide the breeding ground for more acts of market corruption.

Originality/value

Conventional wisdom suggests a negative association between pro-social norms and corruption levels. The paper proposes that the relationship is not that simple. Indeed, the meta-study findings suggest the reverse relationship in the case of petty (market) corruption.

Details

International Journal of Development Issues, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1446-8956

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Article
Publication date: 10 August 2020

Steven Buck, Yoko Kusunose and Jeffrey Alwang

The purpose of this work is to experimentally measure trust and study its relationship to group loan allocation within a community bank.

172

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to experimentally measure trust and study its relationship to group loan allocation within a community bank.

Design/methodology/approach

An artefactual field experiment is run to capture a measure of trust that mimics aspects of trusting behavior in a community bank. The experimental design and empirical setting take into account risk and altruism, two known confounders of trust measures. Regression analysis is used to estimate the relationship between a novel measure of trust and the loan amount a borrower receives from their rural community bank.

Findings

The trust measure has a statistically significant, positive relationship with loan size. A one standard deviation increase in the trust measure corresponds to a 13.3 percent increase in the loan amount.

Social implications

Results of the study suggest that, for community banks, trust in a borrower plays a large role in screening applicants and therefore determining loan size. Several such banks have considered graduating to commercial credit. However, given the outsize role of trust in lending decisions, it is not clear if commercial lending models – which rely less on social capital – will work.

Originality/value

A new trust game is developed that captures relationship-specific measures of directed trust that community bank members have towards each borrower. The trust measure is also context-specific as play in the game is analogous to how community bank members trust some borrowers (more than others) with larger loans. The emphasis on relationship- and context-specific trust measures is key to interpreting results from artefactual field experiments.

Details

Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 81 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-1466

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Article
Publication date: 31 July 2007

Stéphane Talbot, Élisabeth Lefebvre and Louis‐André Lefebvre

Closing the loop at the end of products' useful life is earning increased attention from industry and academia. The recent or upcoming enactment of regulations regarding the…

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Abstract

Purpose

Closing the loop at the end of products' useful life is earning increased attention from industry and academia. The recent or upcoming enactment of regulations regarding the management of end‐of‐life products is forcing manufacturers to consider strategies to increase the residual value of the products they make. Facilitating the residual value extraction process for end‐of‐life products is a challenging issue deserving investigation. This paper proposes to investigate this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzes empirical evidence from a sample of 205 environmentally responsive SMEs operating in the fabricated metal products and electric/electronic products industries. A coherent research model is developed which classifies the closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC) activities along two dimensions, the forward and reverse supply chains.

Findings

This first proposed taxonomy has been shown to be relevant for both sectors. The results also demonstrate that firms' abilities to implement CLSC environmental initiatives vary in their intensity and in their locus along the product value chain. Furthermore, benefits derived from these initiatives seem to vary according to the strategy favored by the firms.

Originality/value

This research is valuable for those firms interested in implementing CLSC strategies in a synergistic manner with their forward supply chain.

Details

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 18 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-038X

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Article
Publication date: 28 February 2022

Ebtehal Mahmoud Montaser, Nesrin M.N. El Hadidi and Enas Abo Elenen Amin

This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of using filling materials that are used to fill gaps in wooden objects, and their response to changes in the surrounding…

174

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of using filling materials that are used to fill gaps in wooden objects, and their response to changes in the surrounding environment to evaluate wood gap fillers and choose the best material. As a wide variety of materials, but most of them were unsuitable for filler mixtures. Specific materials were used, which can adapt to changes in wood size in response to changes in humidity. This research discusses the results of experiments that were conducted to determine how gap fillers composed of glass microballoons, microcrystalline cellulose and paper pulp fills are mixed with Klucel G, Paraloid B-72 and methyl cellulose as binders, and respond in various conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

It requires using several scientific and analytical techniques to provide a deeper understanding of filling materials characterization, dimensional stability, their shrinkage and study mechanical properties.

Findings

The analytical study of filling gaps in wooden objects with different filling materials allowed defining that the main drawbacks of the examined gap fillers were low water resistance, poor dimensional stability upon drying, or exposure to water vapor or liquid water, and fragility. Two types of gap fillers with high mechanical properties and pH values similar to those of wood were found to be appropriate for application on wooden archaeological artifacts.

Originality/value

The importance of the experimental study was to determine suitable filling materials and provide the basic characteristics of filling materials reversibility, workability, dimensional stability, lack of shrinkage, drying, ability to take color and be shaped, stability with aging, compatibility with wood in terms of behavior with changing humidity and non-toxicity. Also, strength properties or their likelihood to deform easily allowing changes in the shape of the wooden object during the movement of wood, either of which may be desirable in specific circumstances.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 52 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

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