Outlines the development of the HART communications protocol for“smart” instruments. Describes how the performance of thestandard analogue 4‐20mA current loop can be enhanced and…
Abstract
Outlines the development of the HART communications protocol for “smart” instruments. Describes how the performance of the standard analogue 4‐20mA current loop can be enhanced and that two‐way digital communications can be implemented. Examines digital integration and the HART Expressway system. Finishes by looking at a windows based product called PROLINK designed for the Micro Motion mass flow marketplace. Concludes that standardisation in the world of “smart” plant instrumentation has widened the instrumentation choice for engineers and opened the door to new network management options for plant operators.
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HART stands for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer and refers to the protocol (basically the signalling method, message structure and transaction rules) used for digital…
Abstract
HART stands for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer and refers to the protocol (basically the signalling method, message structure and transaction rules) used for digital communication amongst “smart” process instruments and their control room counterparts. But why a special protocol for the process field?
Lucy Budd, Steven Griggs and David Howarth
This chapter examines the torsions and blind spots that structure the contemporary debate on the politics and policy of aviation. It also generates different scenarios for the…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter examines the torsions and blind spots that structure the contemporary debate on the politics and policy of aviation. It also generates different scenarios for the future of air travel, which can help to unblock the current impasse about the perceived costs and benefits of aviation and its attendant infrastructural needs.
Originality
This chapter characterises and evaluates the competing frames that organise the contested realities of air transport. By mapping out the current fault lines of aviation politics and policy, the chapter is also able to delineate four main scenarios regarding the future of aviation, which we name the ‘post-carbon’, ‘high-modernist’, ‘market regulation’ and ‘demand management’ projections respectively.
Methodology/approach
The chapter problematises and criticises the existing literature, policy reports and stakeholder briefings that inform the contemporary standoff in UK aviation policy. It uses the definition of sustainable development as a heuristic device to map and identify the fault lines structuring contemporary debates on aviation futures. It then builds upon this analysis to delimit four different scenarios for the future of flying.
Findings
The chapter analyses the contested realities of aviation politics. It re-affirms the political nature of such divisions, which in turn structure the rival understandings of aviation. The analysis suggests that the identified fault lines are constantly reiterated by competing appeals to ambiguous and contradictory evidence-bases or policy frames. Ultimately, the chapter claims that any significant reframing of aviation policy and politics rests on the outcome of political negotiations and persuasion. But it also depends on the broader views of citizens and stakeholders about the future challenges facing society, as well as the way in which governments and affected agents put in place and coordinate the multiple arenas in which a dialogue over the future of aviation can be held. Aviation futures cannot be reduced to the narrow confines of the technical merits or claims surrounding the feasibility of policy instruments.
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N.A.V. Piercy, L.G. Whitehead and R.A. Tyler
THE greatly increased transition Reynolds numbers now attained in the boundary layers of cylinders having favourably shaped sections have renewed interest in the solution of the…
Abstract
THE greatly increased transition Reynolds numbers now attained in the boundary layers of cylinders having favourably shaped sections have renewed interest in the solution of the equations of steady flow in a thin boundary layer. It is familiar that the scries solutions of Blasius and Hiemenz, improved by Howarth (ref. 1), and of Falkner (ref. 2) become severely restricted in range when applied to cylinders having other than bluff sections. But it appears that a series solution of substantially greater range is possible, at least for symmetrical flow, provided that the nose of the section is rounded. This problem forms the subject of Section I of the present paper.
This chapter analyses the politics of bird hunting in relation to the empowerment of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in the European Union (EU), with specific…
Abstract
This chapter analyses the politics of bird hunting in relation to the empowerment of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in the European Union (EU), with specific reference to Malta’s first years of EU accession.
In particular, the analysis focuses on the activism of Maltese and International ENGOs – with special focus on Birdlife Malta and Birdlife International – on this issue, which is characterized by extensive EU legislation and by constant lobbying.
This chapter argues that ENGOs, both Maltese and European, were influential on State power in Malta, especially by resorting to the EU, and also being given prominence by the media. Yet the hunting lobby was influential too, and its influence on Malta’s main political parties is an overdetermining factor, which remained in place even after EU accession.
This chapter concludes that despite Malta’s EU accession, national political factors remain highly influential in the Maltese hunting issue, and that one can expect more antagonism in the years to come.
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– The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical method through which a political analysis of intra and inter-organizational conflicts may be conducted.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical method through which a political analysis of intra and inter-organizational conflicts may be conducted.
Design/methodology/approach
The iterative method of data analysis the paper presents is based on a consolidation of work using Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory across both management and organization and social science disciplinary domains.
Findings
While the politically orientated discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe has begun to be used by management and organization researchers, little guidance is available for how to actually conduct the analysis of data using this discourse approach. The method the paper proposes involves making explicit an analytical process for reading available textual data.
Originality/value
The value of this paper is primarily for management and organization researchers who are attracted to discourse theory but feel intimidated or confused about how to operationalize this theory into data analytic practice.
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Legislation is currently the key driver in the coatings industry. Reduction of the volatile organic content (VOC) of coating systems is a main aim. This may be achieved by…
Abstract
Legislation is currently the key driver in the coatings industry. Reduction of the volatile organic content (VOC) of coating systems is a main aim. This may be achieved by designing the resin and coating with water as the carrying solvent. Reduction of resin viscosity to enable high solids coatings production is another route. The design and development of legislation‐compliant paint formulations based on water‐based epoxy resin systems and high solids polyurethane topcoats is discussed. A short review and discussion of the weaknesses of traditional accelerated test methods including salt‐spray, QUVTM and ProhesionTM used to check coating performance is presented. Some simple reaction and degradation mechanisms are shown.