THE rear spar frame, the first major member forward of frame ‘O’ forms, together with the front spar frame, the principal structural links between the inner wing and fuselage…
Abstract
THE rear spar frame, the first major member forward of frame ‘O’ forms, together with the front spar frame, the principal structural links between the inner wing and fuselage, bearing the loads imposed upon the inner wing and dispersing them into the fuselage. Constructionally, therefore, the frame is necessarily robust comprising a double diaphragm structure, spaced apart by heavy boom sections of light aluminium alloy situated around the inner and outer frame peripheries. The centre section of the frame is extensively cut away, leaving a diaphragm width of approximately 16 in. at the fuselage datum, tapering to 10 in. at the roof, and 4 in. at the bottom centreline of the aircraft. The lower portion of the frame, 24 in. below the datum is cranked at 3 1/2°, aligning with the wing incidence of the spars. The diaphragms front and rear are made in segments, and lap jointed; the outer edge periphery is flanged forming a skin attachment angle. For the front diaphragm construction, eight segments are utilized, those adjoining the roof and at the fuselage base are fabricated from 16 s.w.g. D.T.D. 546, while around the fuselage dytum 14 s.w.g. D.T.D. 546 is employed. Below the fuslage datum, a gap occurs in the frame segments, which is filled by the web of the rear spar after the frame and spar are brought together as an assembly. This web is 4 ft. deep and straddles the frame across the diameter, leaving a 2 ft. aperture between the top edge of the web and a floor support member. A similar aperture is left between the bottom edge of the web and the frame segments at the fuselage base.
John Willison and Femke Buisman-Pijlman
Many countries are looking for ways to enable students to engage more effectively with PhD study. This paper aims to consider the effects of explicit discipline-specific research…
Abstract
Purpose
Many countries are looking for ways to enable students to engage more effectively with PhD study. This paper aims to consider the effects of explicit discipline-specific research skill development embedded in multiple semesters of an undergraduate degree on PhD preparedness.
Design/methodology/approach
This case study of one Bachelor of Health Science programme determined the effectiveness of the implementation of a conceptual model, the Researcher Skill Development framework, across the undergraduate degree programme. Data were gathered through interviews of 9 academic staff and 14 students in their fourth year of undergraduate study, which is a research-focused year.
Findings
All students and academics stated the benefits of the use of the Researcher Skill Development framework in undergraduate study including: deepening metacognition of research processes; assisting students toward acting and thinking like researchers; and the research-capacity building of the school. While all academics and all but one student recommended that the framework be used early in the degree programme, a number of interviewees specified problems with the existing implementation of the framework.
Research limitations/implications
While the results are not generalisable, the approach is worth studying in other degree programme-wide contexts to determine its broader capacity to enable students to be more research ready for PhD study when compared to current practice.
Practical implications
When adapted to the context, whole-of-degree research skill development may enable developing countries to have more students and developed countries to better prepared students commencing PhD studies.
Originality/value
No studies currently provide results for explicit research skill development across a degree programme, or of the benefits of this approach for PhD preparation.
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Sayer-Jane Vermeer, Ben Stickle, Mark Frame and Michael Hein
As tensions between the police and community grow, one often called upon solution is a more diverse police force. However, building diversity presents many challenges, especially…
Abstract
Purpose
As tensions between the police and community grow, one often called upon solution is a more diverse police force. However, building diversity presents many challenges, especially if there are barriers for choosing a career as a police officer. The present study explores motivations and barriers to becoming a police officer to help reduce the disparity between the community and police.
Design/methodology/approach
An online survey of 344 persons in the US asked respondents to identify the motivations and barriers to choosing a career as a police officer. Survey questions centered on issues related to trust, police culture, practices of the police and lack of awareness of career opportunities.
Findings
Results indicated that higher trust of the police, positive perceptions of police fairness and knowledge of potential police career opportunities increased an individual's interest in pursuing a career as a police officer. At the same time, negative views in these areas were barriers to interest in policing. These results give insight into where efforts can be focused to increase interest in becoming a police officer.
Originality/value
There is a lack of research on factors leading to an interest in a policing career. This study provides insight into the reasons for and barriers to entering a career in policing and provides a starting point for future research and practical implications for police departments seeking to increase interest in a policing career.
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Hoon Cheol Park, Eko Priamadi and Quang‐Tri Truong
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of wing kinematics change on force generation produced by flapping wings.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of wing kinematics change on force generation produced by flapping wings.
Design/methodology/approach
Forces produced by flapping wings are measured using a load cell and compared for the investigation. The measured forces are validated by estimation using an unsteady blade element theory.
Findings
From the measurement and estimation, the authors found that flapping wings produced positive and negative lifts when the wings are attached with the +30° and −30°, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
The authors quantified the characteristics of change in the force generation by flapping wings for three wing kinematics. The wing kinematics was modified by changing the initial wing attachment angle.
Practical implications
The result may be applicable to design of control mechanism for an insect‐mimicking flapping‐wing micro air vehicle, which has only wings without control surfaces at its tail.
Social implications
The preliminary work may provide an insight for design strategy of flapping‐wing micro air vehicles with compact and handy configurations, because they may perform controlled flight even without control surfaces at their tails.
Originality/value
The work included here is the first attempt to quantify the force generation characteristics for different wing kinematics. The suggested way of wing kinematics change can provide a concept for control mechanism of a flapping‐wing micro air vehicle.
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Xiao Bo Liang, Xinghua Qu, YuanJun Zhang, Lianyin Xu and Fumin Zhang
Laser absolute distance measurement has the characteristics of high precision, wide range and non-contact. In laser ranging system, tracking and aiming measurement point is the…
Abstract
Purpose
Laser absolute distance measurement has the characteristics of high precision, wide range and non-contact. In laser ranging system, tracking and aiming measurement point is the precondition of automatic measurement. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a novel method.
Design/methodology/approach
For the central point of the hollow angle coupled mirror, this paper proposes a method based on correlation filtering and ellipse fitting. For non-cooperative target points, this paper proposes an extraction method based on correlation filtering and feature matching. Finally, a visual tracking and aiming system was constructed by combining the two-axis turntable, and experiments were carried out.
Findings
The target tracking algorithm has an accuracy of 91.15% and a speed of 19.5 frames per second. The algorithm can adapt to the change of target scale and short-term occlusion. The mean error and standard deviation of the center point extraction of the hollow Angle coupling mirror are 0.20 and 0.09 mm. The mean error and standard deviation of feature points matching for non-cooperative target were 0.06 mm and 0.16 mm. The visual tracking and aiming system can track a target running at a speed of 0.7 m/s, aiming error mean is 1.74 pixels and standard deviation is 0.67 pixel.
Originality/value
The results show that this method can achieve fast and high precision target tracking and aiming and has great application value in laser ranging.
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Keywords
William L. Smith, David M. Boje and Kevin D. Melendrez
The purpose of this paper is to analyze media storytelling and rhetoric surrounding the credibility of the longstanding accounting practice of mark‐to‐market valuation.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze media storytelling and rhetoric surrounding the credibility of the longstanding accounting practice of mark‐to‐market valuation.
Design/methodology/approach
The cascading storytelling model of progressive framing by the media of mark‐to‐market valuation was applied to story subsets of the three types of classic Aristotelian rhetorical appeals.
Findings
The authors found that the media blamed the accounting profession's mark‐to‐market valuation practices as substantive cause of recent corporate problems and declines in market values. In addition, the rhetorical framing of mark‐to‐market accounting practices in the media prompted the Financial Accounting Standards Board to a rush to judgment.
Research limitations/implications
The paper is limited to the analysis of the storytelling included. Different results from other sources may provide another result.
Practical implications
The failure in the media to address the duality between the logos of accounting and the ethos of the media narratives exacerbated the cascading activation. Understanding this duality may provide a different lens in looking at information dissemination. This is not only relative to stakeholders in making more informed decisions but should also serve as a warning to the profession, to have more voice, to use a rhetorical strategy that can have more saliency in the public arena.
Originality/value
The paper examined storytelling as interplay of retrospective narrative, the presentness of living story, and the antenarratives shaping the future of not only the unfolding economic crisis, but the future of accounting itself. In terms of rhetoric, we extended the application of pathos, ethos, and logos by examining a cascading activation theory model. This is one of the few studies of antenarratives and how through cascade rhetoric the future is shaped.
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BEFORE the actual construction of a hull is begun, all the lines on the blue prints must be reproduced to full scale on a scrive board. This is called “setting out,” or in some…
Abstract
BEFORE the actual construction of a hull is begun, all the lines on the blue prints must be reproduced to full scale on a scrive board. This is called “setting out,” or in some shops “developing.”
This paper reports from a qualitative case study of a change initiative undertaken in a Danish public hospital setting during national healthcare reforms. The purpose of this…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper reports from a qualitative case study of a change initiative undertaken in a Danish public hospital setting during national healthcare reforms. The purpose of this paper is to challenge understandings of innovations as defined by being value-adding per se. Whether the effects of attempting to innovate are positive or negative is in this paper regarded as a matter of empirical investigation.
Design/methodology/approach
Narrative accounts of activities during the change initiative are analysed in order to elucidate the effects of framing the change initiative as innovation on which boundaries are created and crossed.
Findings
Framing change initiatives as innovation leads to intended as well as unanticipated boundary crossings where healthcare practitioners from different organizations recognize a shared problem and task. It also leads to unintended boundary reinforcements between “us and them” that may exclude the perspectives of patients or stakeholders when confronting complex problems in healthcare. This boundary reinforcement can lead to further fragmentation of healthcare despite the stated intention to create more integrated services.
Practical implications
The paper suggests that researchers as well as practitioners should not presume that intentions to innovate will by themselves enhance creativity and innovation. When analysing the intended, unintended as well as unanticipated consequences of framing change initiatives as innovation, researchers and practitioner gain nuanced knowledge about the effects of intending to innovate in complex settings such as healthcare.
Originality/value
This paper suggests the need for an analytical move from studying the effects of innovation to studying the effects of framing complex problems as a call for innovation.
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Carl Henning Christner and Ebba Sjögren
This paper aims to analyse the longitudinal performative effects of accounting, focusing on how accounting shapes the stability/instability of economic frames over time.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the longitudinal performative effects of accounting, focusing on how accounting shapes the stability/instability of economic frames over time.
Design/methodology/approach
To explore the performative effects of accounting over time, a longitudinal case study narrates the transformation of a large, listed manufacturing company's financial strategy over 20 years. Using extensive document collection, the authors trace the shift from an “industrial” frame to a “shareholder value” frame in the mid-1990s, followed by the gradual entrenchment of this shareholder value frame until its decline in the wake of the financial crisis in 2008.
Findings
Our findings show how accounting has different performative temporalities, capable of precipitating sudden shifts between different economic frames and stabilising an ever-more entrenched and narrowly defined enactment of a specific frame. We conceptualise these different temporalities as performative moments and performative momentum respectively, explaining how accounting produces these performative effects over time. Moreover, in contrast to extant accounting research, the authors provide insight into the performative role of accounting not only in contested but also “cold” situations marked by consensus regarding the overarching economic frame.
Originality/value
Our paper draws attention to the longitudinal performative effects of accounting. In particular, the analysis of how accounting entrenches and refines economic frames over time adds to prior research, which has focused mainly on the contestation and instability of framing processes.
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The chapter introduces a methodological approach to analyzing visual material based on Erving Goffman's frame analysis. Building on the definition of dominant frames in a set of…
Abstract
The chapter introduces a methodological approach to analyzing visual material based on Erving Goffman's frame analysis. Building on the definition of dominant frames in a set of visual material, and the analysis of keying within these frames, the approach provides a tangible tool to analyze contextualized visual material sociologically. To illustrate the approach, the chapter analyzes visual representations of social movement contention in two local contexts, the cities of Lyon, France, and Helsinki, Finland. The material was collected during ethnographic fieldwork and consists of 505 images from local activist websites. The analysis asks how femininity, masculinity, and gender/sex ambiguity key visual representations of different aspects of contentious action, such as mass gatherings, violence, protest policing, and performativity. Strong converging features are found in the contents of the frames in the two contexts, yet differences also abound, in particular in the ways femininity keys different frames of contention in visual representations. The results show, first, that the visual frame analysis approach is a functioning tool for analyzing large sets of visual material with a qualitative emphasis, and second, that a comparison of local activism through visual representations calls into question many general assumptions of political cultures, repertoires of contention, and cultural gender systems, and highlights the importance for sociologists of looking closely enough for both differences and similarities.