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The purpose of this paper is to assess the issues faced by managers of inland waterways in the Southeastern USA as a guide for improvements to spill management information systems.

A survey was administered to a group of over 300 professionals representing multiple organizations involved in water quality management and/or spill response in the Southeast region of the USA to query their perceptions on leading demands and issues faced in management of inland waterways both on a daily basis and during spill response efforts.

Survey results indicated that communication is often the “weak link” in both water management and spill response activities, and that enhanced spill management information tools could serve as a valuable resource in addressing this problem. Display of spatial/visual information was deemed to be especially important to spill response personnel and should be included in the next generation of spill response systems.

The scope is limited to the Southeastern USA, but similar results would be expected in other regions where management of surface water is of concern.

In these trying economic times, the survey results serve to rank order decision‐support priorities to which available resources should be allocated and indicate areas of interest for improved support in both water resource management and spill response.

The paper provides the first documentation of the demands and decision‐support priorities of inland waterway resource managers and spill response personnel.

Risk management involves assessing and dealing with objective risks and therefore risk managers are expected to have reasonably advanced analytical knowledge and skills. However as noted earlier, many, if not most, of the elements within the uncertainty field do not provide much in the way of adequate data or information, and – even when they do – there can be significant problems with data quality. Thus, statistical or actuarial analysis tools are best used thoughtfully and mainly in the context of cases where an organisation has many similar exposures (a fleet of hundreds of vehicles, large numbers of employees) or when external data analysis fits convincingly with the more limited experience of the organisation itself. In any case, the overarching challenge for risk managers is to develop a consistent approach to thinking about all risks, uncertainties, emergent/unknown phenomena, even when they have very different characteristics.

Chapter Eleven adopts an approach that is somewhat different from Chapter One to Chapter Ten. Previously, a general, descriptive overview of the subject is given beforehand, and then a slightly different discussion is offered to provide an alternative commentary. Here, the alternative insights are woven into a discussion of decision-making. After presenting this different approach, the traditional decision-making tools are presented and discussed. Since Chapter Twelve also serves as a summary, a more integrated approach is used here.

TITANIUM, with a melting point of 1,660 deg. C, higher than that of nickel or iron, a density little more than one‐half that of steel, and a corrosion resistance in certain environments superior to stainless steel, is evidently a metal of significance to aeronautics. In the last few years remarkable advances have been made in both the production technology and the basic physical metallurgy of the titanium alloys, and it would be fair to say that aeronautics generally has not exploited the possibilities of these alloys to the extent that might have been expected. This is in part due to economic factors, as titanium is still relatively expensive, and in part due to a lack of conviction in the relative advantages which the alloys can offer. It is obvious that as more titanium is brought into use in aeronautics, so the economic aspect will improve, and the more experience will designers and materials engineers generally gain in its utilization. The purpose of the present article is to survey some of the basic metallurgical considerations which enter into the development of the titanium alloys, and relate these to the specific engineering factors of interest in aeronautics. This will lead to a discussion of the ways in which the titanium alloys are being introduced into aircraft structures and engines. The subject is clearly a very large one to attempt in a single article, and many quite important topics have necessarily been abridged or omitted altogether. The references should, however, make it possible to follow up individual subjects in more detail.

This paper aims to develop and then evaluate a novel consolidation and powder transfer mechanism for electrophotographic 3D printing, designed to overcome two longstanding limitations of electrophotographic 3D printing: fringing and a build height limitation.

Analysis of the electric field generated within electrophotographic printing was used to identify the underlying causes of the fringing and build height limitations. A prototype machine was then designed and manufactured to overcome these limitations, and a number of print runs were carried out as proof of concept studies.

The analysis suggested that a machine design which separated the electrostatic powder deposition of the print engine from the layer transfer and consolidation steps is required to overcome fringing and build height limitations. A machine with this build architecture was developed and proof of concept studies showed that the build height and fringing effects were no longer evident.

Electrophotography (EP) was initially seen as a promising technology for 3D printing, largely because the potential for multi-material printing at high speed. As these limitations can now be overcome, there is still potential for EP to deliver a high-speed 3D printing system which can build parts consisting of multiple materials.

The analysis of EP, the new method for the transfer and consolidation of layers and the proof of concept study are all original and provide new information on how EP can be adopted for 3D printing.

Over the last 50 years the element titanium has been steadily gaining in importance. The major interests range from titanium metal, which combines good resistance to corrosion with high strength and low specific gravity, to the white pigment, titanium dioxide, and titanium tetrachloride, a chemical intermediate. This paper reviews the manufacture of these materials and particularly deals with the properties and applications of titanium dioxide, which, by reason of its high refractive index, possesses outstanding lightening and hiding power, making it the first choice among white pigments.

Consumer-driven technology innovations are transforming travel behavior. However, travel suppliers are still struggling to grasp their customers’ desires regarding mobile device usage in travel and also face other barriers. This paper aims to take a two-pronged approach to identify the gap between what travelers would like to do on mobile devices and what suppliers currently offer and to provide insights from technology industry experts on future trends.

This paper uses two exploratory studies: a consumer survey to understand travelers’ needs and wants regarding mobile devices and a qualitative study to learn more about how travel suppliers are responding and to identify barriers. Statistical techniques include ANOVA tests to identify individual differences and factor analyses to discover patterns in the data.

Consumers would like to do more on mobile devices than is currently available; therefore, industry providers must be more forward-thinking with technology development and overcome the barriers identified in this paper.

Given the limitations to existing supplier offerings and capabilities, travelers were asked what they would like to do on mobile devices. Although marketing and technology personnel from various companies were interviewed, other perspectives exist.

This paper contributes to the technology adoption and service-supplier innovation literatures by helping mobile technology service providers in the travel industry better understand and bridge the supplier-user gap. Suggestions to close this gap and predictions from technology industry experts are included to direct future actions.