The L‐map method is an innovative method for sequential machine state minimization. More specifically, the L‐map method consists of five steps. This method uses a portion of the…
Abstract
The L‐map method is an innovative method for sequential machine state minimization. More specifically, the L‐map method consists of five steps. This method uses a portion of the partitioning method (step 1), and a portion of the implication table method (step 4). Steps 2 (eliminate singleton blocks), 3 (order non‐singleton blocks) and 5 (process the block implication table cells) are developed in this paper. The resultant method is more effective than both the partitioning method and the implication table method. The L‐map method is best illustrated by examples. In addition, 11 theorems are proven with illustrative examples. The advantages of this method over the partitioning method and the implication table method are stated. Furthermore, an algorithm which has four steps for finding the shortest input sequences for separating all pairs of distinguishable states using the L‐map method is developed. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate this algorithm. The results obtained in this may have useful applications in logic design, computer design, as well as VLSI design.
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Cross tables are omnipresent in management, academia and popular culture. The Matrix has us, despite all criticism, opposition and desire for a way out. This paper draws on the…
Abstract
Purpose
Cross tables are omnipresent in management, academia and popular culture. The Matrix has us, despite all criticism, opposition and desire for a way out. This paper draws on the works of three agents of the matrix. The paper shows that Niklas Luhmann criticised Talcott Parsons’ traditional matrix model of society and proceeded to update systems theory, the latest version of which is coded in the formal language of George Spencer Brown. As Luhmann failed to install his updates to all components of his theory platform, however, regular reoccurrences of Parsonian crosstabs are observed, particularly in the Luhmannian differentiation theory, which results in compatibility issues and produces error messages requesting updates. This paper aims to code the missing update translating the basic matrix structure from Parsonian into Spencer Brownian formal language.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on work by Boris Hennig and Louis Kauffman and a yet unpublished manuscript by George Spencer Brown, to demonstrate that the latter introduced his cross as a mark to indicate NOR gates in circuit diagrams. The paper also shows that this NOR gate marker has been taken out of and may be observed to contain the tetralemma, an ancient matrix structure already present in traditional Indian logic. It then proceeds to translate the basic structure of traditional contingency tables into a Spencer Brownian NOR equation and to demonstrate the difference this translation makes in the modelling of social systems.
Findings
The translation of cross tables from Parsonian into Spencer Brownian formal language results in the design of a both matrix-shaped and compatible test routine that works as a virtual window for the observation of the actually unobservable medium in which a form is drawn, and can be used for consistency checks of expressions coded in Spencer Brownian formal language.
Originality/value
This paper quotes from and discusses a so far unpublished manuscript finalised by Spencer Brown in April 1961. The basic matrix structure is translated from Parsonian into Spencer Brownian formal language. A Spencer Brownian NOR matrix is coded that may be used to detect errors in expressions coded in Spencer Brownian formal language.
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Parvatini Sri Naga Venkat, A. Srinath, Gurram Narendra Santosh Kumar, P. Vijay and Rentala Venkatesh
The design of robot hand for writing and correction assistant applications work will be partially replaced as to develop the remote-assisted robot hand control needed to…
Abstract
Purpose
The design of robot hand for writing and correction assistant applications work will be partially replaced as to develop the remote-assisted robot hand control needed to manipulate all this kind of work. As it is stress and strain full job for all teachers, which needs to bring a sustainable solution, hence robot hand which resembles the human hand which is teleoperated with the remote control is designed.
Design/methodology/approach
This work presents the design and simulation of a robot hand for correction assistant applications. To replace the work partially especially for the teachers who are undergoing the paper correction work like putting tick mark, cross mark, allocation of marks, etc.
Findings
In this paper the design of the same and its simulation of writing the horizontal line, vertical line and writing number two is presented, in further research, a prototype model and its analysis will be done.
Originality/value
The design is been done using the modelling software Creo 5.4 where the design will be used to print the prototype model which is physical using 3D printing technology and controlling and testing will be done on the same prototype model using simple Arduino.
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Anna Arutunow, Artur Zieliński and Mateusz T. Tobiszewski
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based approach to local impedance spectroscopy (LIS) measurement performed on AA2024 and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based approach to local impedance spectroscopy (LIS) measurement performed on AA2024 and AA2024‐T3 aluminium alloys.
Design/methodology/approach
AFM‐LIS measurements were performed ex‐situ without the electrolyte environment, so in fact the electrical not electrochemical impedance was obtained.
Findings
Relative local impedance values recorded for AA2024 alloy during the researches carried out were maximally approximately three orders of magnitude higher than the ones obtained for age‐hardened AA2024‐T3 alloy. Moreover, in the case of AA2024‐T3 alloy, a region located in the interior of α crystals exhibited localized impedance one order of magnitude higher than that measured at its grain boundary when affected by intergranular corrosion.
Originality/value
The paper presents differences in localized impedance between grain and grain boundaries activity.
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Nikolay A. Kudryashov and Mikhail V. Skachkov
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of ion-flow parameters on surface topography and making numerical simulation at the times when the process of surface…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of ion-flow parameters on surface topography and making numerical simulation at the times when the process of surface erosion becomes strongly nonlinear.
Design/methodology/approach
The base of the mathematical model of target ion-sputtering is nonlinear evolutionary equation in which the erosion velocity dependence on ion flux is evaluated by means of a Monte Carlo method. The difference between this equation and the one of continuum theory is that the ion flux is not smooth function. Instead, it is a set of separate incident ions.
Findings
Some simulations with using independent random points of arrival for the incident ions leads to results uncorrelated with the continuum model at early times. The ripples are not quite developed or observed. This phenomenon is explained by random fluctuations of the target sputtering depth. Sufficiently big values of the random fluctuations destroy the ripple structure on target surface. The simulation with using equally distributed sequence (Holton sequence) of points of arrival for the incident ions leads to results well correlated with the continuum model.
Originality/value
The discrete model which goes into the equation of continuum theory within the appropriate asymptotic limit has been proposed. The discretization parameters influence on surface morphology formation has been studied. This paper may be interesting to researchers making the theoretical and numerical analysis of pattern formation on plane target surfaces undergoing ion-beam sputtering.
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Tripti Ghosh Sharma, Rohit Jain, Sahil Kapoor, Vijeyta Gaur and Abhishek Roy
Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management, Services Marketing.
Abstract
Subject area
Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management, Services Marketing.
Study level/applicability
MBA and Executive MBA.
Case overview
The case talks about the inception and growth of OYO Rooms, a company that originally started as ORAVEL Stays Ltd. in 2012, as a platform for booking budget and premium accommodations, but graduated to become OYO Rooms, an online aggregator of hotels, with a unique business model of “managing the partial inventory of rooms” in hotels and offering a proposition of affordable, consistent, quality experience to business, leisure and pilgrim travellers. The company received rounds of funding from Greenoaks Capital, Lightspeed Ventures, Sequoia Capital and DSG Consumer Partners. Moreover, unlike its competitors, OYO adapted itself to the fast-changing consumer preference and grew at an enviable pace and by 2016, was present across 190 cities through a network of 6,500 hotels. However, OYO Rooms had to face a multitude of challenges both from the consumer and hotel owners’ ends, primarily service quality concerns from the customers and majorly concerns out of payment irregularities or non-abidance to written contracts from the hoteliers’ end. The dissatisfaction levels increased to an extent that experts started raising questions on the viability of the business. OYO was growing at an aggressive rate but breakeven point was yet to be achieved. Moreover, growing dissatisfaction and switching amongst its customers as well as hoteliers threatened the very existence of the model. The case allows the students to critically analyse the strategies of OYO for deliberation on whether the business model was sustainable in the long run. It also encourages the students to deliberate on the possible growth strategies for OYO as also on the service recovery strategies for OYO.
Expected learning outcomes
The case has been positioned around the following modules: industry analysis; value of a two-sided business model to both parties; sustainability of a unique business model, against the challenges that it faces; applying the VRIO framework (resource-based view); complaint handling and service recovery strategies; applying the Ansoff’s grid for possible growth options.
Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
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Bekir Sami Yilbas, Cihan Karataş, Bahadır Ersu and Sevil Gurgan
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the morphological and metallurgical changes of laser gas‐assisted nitriding of titanium implants.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the morphological and metallurgical changes of laser gas‐assisted nitriding of titanium implants.
Design/methodology/approach
Laser gas‐assisted nitriding of titanium implant is carried out and the metallurgical as well as the morphological changes in the nitride layer are examined using optical microscopy, SEM, XRD, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Temperature and thermal stress fields are computed during the laser heating process adopting the finite element method. The residual stress formed in the nitride layer is measured using the XRD technique while micro‐indentation tests are carried out to determine the fracture toughness of the surface after the laser treatment process.
Findings
It is found that nitride depth layer extends to 40 μm below the surface and it is free from the cracks and micro‐voids. The residual stress formed on the surface region is higher than at some depth below the surface in the nitride layer, provided that the maximum residual stress is less than the elastic limit of the substrate material.
Originality/value
The paper contains original findings and the findings are not submitted any other journal for publication.