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Article
Publication date: 7 November 2016

Mark Andrew Ashworth and Barrie Dunn

This paper aims to present the results of a 32-year-old laboratory study of whisker growth from tin electrodeposits that was originally undertaken to gain an increased…

168

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the results of a 32-year-old laboratory study of whisker growth from tin electrodeposits that was originally undertaken to gain an increased understanding of the phenomenon of tin whisker growth.

Design/methodology/approach

Whisker growth was evaluated using electroplated C-rings (both stressed and un-stressed) that were stored throughout in a desiccator at room temperature. Analysis has recently been undertaken to evaluate whisker growth and intermetallic growth after 32 years of storage. Scanning electron microscopy analysis has been performed to investigate whisker length and, using polished cross-sections, the morphology, thickness and type of intermetallic formation.

Findings

Normal tin-plated deposits on brass and steel with a copper barrier layer nucleated whiskers within five months, and in each case, these grew to lengths between 1 and 4.5 mm. For normal tin electroplated onto brass, a one- or two-month nucleation period was needed before whiskers developed. They reached a maximum length of about 1.5 mm after six months, and little or no further growth occurred during the subsequent 32 years. Very few whiskers grew on the tin-plated steel samples and no intermetallic formation was observed. None of the fused tin plating samples nucleated whiskers during the 32-year period.

Practical implications

Knowledge about vintage whiskers is important to take steps to increase the resiliency of space missions. Similarly, such knowledge is important to engineers engaged in products reaching their nominal end-of-life, but where, for reasons of economy, these products cannot be replaced.

Originality/value

This study represents a unique insight into whisker growth and intermetallic formation over an extremely long time period.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 42 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 29 June 2018

Thomas Round, Mark Ashworth, Tessa Crilly, Ewan Ferlie and Charles Wolfe

A well-funded, four-year integrated care programme was implemented in south London. The programme attempted to integrate care across primary, acute, community, mental health and…

3062

Abstract

Purpose

A well-funded, four-year integrated care programme was implemented in south London. The programme attempted to integrate care across primary, acute, community, mental health and social care. The purpose of this paper is to reduce hospital admissions and nursing home placements. Programme evaluation aimed to identify what worked well and what did not; lessons learnt; the value of integrated care investment.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data were obtained from documentary analysis, stakeholder interviews, focus groups and observational data from programme meetings. Framework analysis was applied to stakeholder interview and focus group data in order to generate themes.

Findings

The integrated care project had not delivered expected radical reductions in hospital or nursing home utilisation. In response, the scheme was reformulated to focus on feasible service integration. Other benefits emerged, particularly system transformation. Nine themes emerged: shared vision/case for change; interventions; leadership; relationships; organisational structures and governance; citizens and patients; evaluation and monitoring; macro level. Each theme was interpreted in terms of “successes”, “challenges” and “lessons learnt”.

Research limitations/implications

Evaluation was hampered by lack of a clear evaluation strategy from programme inception to conclusion, and of the evidence required to corroborate claims of benefit.

Practical implications

Key lessons learnt included: importance of strong clinical leadership, shared ownership and inbuilt evaluation.

Originality/value

Primary care was a key player in the integrated care programme. Initial resistance delayed implementation and related to concerns about vertical integration and scepticism about unrealistic goals. A focus on clinical care and shared ownership contributed to eventual system transformation.

Details

Journal of Integrated Care, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1476-9018

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Article
Publication date: 14 October 2020

Eloise Radcliffe, Maria Kordowicz, Caroline Mak, Guy Shefer, David Armstrong, Patrick White and Mark Ashworth

The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers and enablers to lean implementation as part of an imaging quality improvement programme from a socio-cultural perspective.

591

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers and enablers to lean implementation as part of an imaging quality improvement programme from a socio-cultural perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

An in-depth 33 month ethnographic study, using observation and qualitative interviews, examined the process of lean implementation as part of an improvement programme.

Findings

Implementation of lean was more successful compared with other reports of lean in healthcare settings. Key enablers of lean were high levels of multidisciplinary staff involvement and engagement; the professional credibility of facilitators and clinicians as early adopters, all within a wider culture of relatively strong inter-professional relationships in the imaging department. These enablers combined with the more routinised and standardised nature of imaging pathways compared to some other acute specialties suggest that imaging is fertile ground for lean, linked to the manufacturing origins of lean.

Practical implications

When introducing lean within healthcare settings, special attention needs to be paid to the specific healthcare context and the existing cultures of inter-professional relationships. Fostering an improvement culture and engagement with training, together with adequate financial resource, are a key to contributing to the level of acceptability of an improvement tool such as lean.

Originality/value

This ethnographic study, bringing together rich multi-source data, has provided a detailed insight into the cultural workings of the process of lean implementation within a complex healthcare system.

Details

Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 34 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7266

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2000

Mark Chandley

Special hospitals are notorious for their social isolation. In this sense they are not unlike tribal societies. These hospitals, like their tribal counterparts, are ripe for local…

69

Abstract

Special hospitals are notorious for their social isolation. In this sense they are not unlike tribal societies. These hospitals, like their tribal counterparts, are ripe for local time reckoning to emerge. A previous study that focussed on tribal societies is used here to illustrate socio‐temporal issues ‐ primarily because of their social isolation, which is comparable with the isolation from wider society of the special hospital, a factor that is essential for local time reckoning to emerge at any significant level.

Details

The British Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6646

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2003

Mark Swinton and Hugh McNamee

This article describes the practical steps needed to establish and maintain patients on clozapine within secure psychiatric services, particularly where patients have a history of…

77

Abstract

This article describes the practical steps needed to establish and maintain patients on clozapine within secure psychiatric services, particularly where patients have a history of non‐adherence to treatment. The role of psychiatric nurses in creating a climate of therapeutic optimism is stressed. A number of techniques which optimise adherence are described.

Details

The British Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6646

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2000

Norman McClelland and Graham Towl

24

Abstract

Details

The British Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6646

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 10 May 2013

Martin Goosey

116

Abstract

Details

Circuit World, vol. 39 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Available. Content available
200

Abstract

Details

Circuit World, vol. 39 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1983

Online developments ‐ Two new online services show the continuing onward march of this method of access to certain types of information for traders and investors.

12

Abstract

Online developments ‐ Two new online services show the continuing onward march of this method of access to certain types of information for traders and investors.

Details

New Library World, vol. 84 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 4 November 2014

Mark Chandley, Maxine Cromar-Hayes, Dave Mercer, Bridget Clancy, Iain Wilkie and Gary Thorpe

The purpose of this paper is to derive from an on-going, innovative, project to explore the concept, and application, of “recovery” in the care and clinical management of patients…

475

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to derive from an on-going, innovative, project to explore the concept, and application, of “recovery” in the care and clinical management of patients detained in one UK high-security hospital.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilising a qualitative, action research, methodology the aim was to involve forensic mental health nurses in a collaborative, client-centred approach to identification and resolution of dilemmas in the process of planning care for offender-patients.

Findings

In this context the authors identify constraints and contradictions involved in employing recovery principles in institutions critics refer to as part of the disciplinary apparatus of psychiatric and social control; where the taken for granted lives, and relations, of an incarcerated population are measured by the calendar, not the clock.

Research limitations/implications

Protective practices remain highly relevant in high-secure practice. Safety, an important value for all can by and large be achieved through recovery approaches. The humanistic elements of recovery can offer up safe and useful methods of deploying the mental health nurse on the ward. Many nurses have the prerequisite approach but there remains a wide scope to enhance those skills. Many see the approach as axiomatic though nurse education often prepares nurses with a biomedical view of the ward.

Practical implications

Currently, philosophical tenets of recovery are enshrined in contemporary health policy and professional directives but, as yet, have not been translated into high-secure settings. Drawing on preliminary findings, attention is given to the value of socially situated approaches in challenging historic dominance of a medical model.

Social implications

It is concluded that recovery could be a forerunner of reforms necessary for the continued relevance of high-secure care into the twenty-first century.

Originality/value

This research is located in high-secure setting. The social situation is marked by the extent of the isolation involved. A value is in this situation. First it is akin to the isolation of the tribe utilised by many anthropologists for their ability to adopt the “social laboratory” status to test out theories of behaviour in industrial society. The authors urge others to utilise this research in this way. Second, the situation represents the locus of so many of societies dilemmas, paradoxes and fears that moral issues morph from what is the mundane in wider society. In this way humanistic approaches are tested via action research with nurses in some rigouous ways.

Details

Mental Health and Social Inclusion, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-8308

Keywords

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