Search results

The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC‐LD) was introduced in 2003 in an attempt to improve accuracy of diagnosis in the intellectual disability population. The paper aims to apply this system to a sample of a population with intellectual disability to further investigate its usefulness in the clinical setting.

A sample of 50 patients within an intellectual disability service was identified. Each individual was interviewed by a registrar in psychiatry of intellectual disability in the presence of their key worker or a carer that knew the individual well. Chart notes were extensively reviewed for clearly documented history of psychiatric symptoms and behavioural difficulties. The information gathered was applied as per the DC‐LD criteria to identify appropriate diagnoses. Previously documented diagnoses were also recorded for comparison purposes.

There was considerable discrepancy between the rates of psychiatric diagnoses after application of DC‐LD and rates of previously documented diagnoses within the sample. Use of DC‐LD led to the reclassification of many previously documented diagnoses, mainly as behavioural disorders. There were also discrepancies between rates of diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders and Alzheimer's disease before and after use of DC‐LD.

This study adds to the evidence regarding the usefulness of DC‐LD in the intellectual disability population and also highlights the shortcomings of non‐systematic methods of diagnosis. It was agreed that DC‐LD criteria be applied to all service users in this population in the future.

In this chapter, an overview of the trauma-informed approach is described. The background and context to trauma, its impact on the person, and organisational responses are considered. More specifically, I distinguish between trauma specific and non-specific organisations by defining the characteristic of each. This chapter sets the tone for the remainder of the book by introducing a conceptual model for both specific and non-specific trauma organisations. In order to do this, I outline the differential components that are deemed necessary for organisations to be trauma-responsive; in doing so, I introduce the Trauma Ecology Model to the literature, outlining its various components.

China is experiencing an economic revolution focused on reducing carbon emissions (CEs). Various technological research and development (R&D) frameworks also hasten the growth of the digital economy, which then fuels this economic revolution. Nevertheless, several correlation uncertainties in China have been observed between R&D investment and CE reduction with green economic transformation. This phenomenon is attributed to insufficient spatial impact considerations.

Therefore, this article explored the spatial impacts of the digital economy and R&D expenditures regarding environmental quality using Chinese-related panel data between 2012 and 2021. This study uses the Moran I index to test whether there is a spatial relevance between regional carbon emissions in China and assess the digital economic advancement level using the entropy weight approach. In addition, this article analyzes the direct and indirect impacts following the partial differentiation approach, and then creates an interaction term between the digital economy and R&D investment to assess the moderating effect for examining the influence of investing in R&D on reducing CO2 levels of the digital economy.

A positive spatial relevance between the digital economy and CEs was then highlighted from the empirical findings. The digital economy expansion also demonstrated higher local CEs while negatively impacting nearby regions. Notably, the digital economy concurrently lowered and increased local CEs in the Eastern and Central zones, respectively. Overall, a larger R&D investment directly impacted the capacity of the digital economy in decreasing the carbon emission intensity (CEI) at a regional level. An accelerated digital economy expansion and lower CEI were recorded in the Eastern zone owing to more significant R&D investments.

China has gradually shifted its focus from reducing CEs to implementing “dual control of carbon” to achieve the “dual carbon” target. Future studies should then involve additional studies concerning the impact mechanism and path selection related to “dual carbon control.”

Investment in R&D plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions from the digital economy. By fostering innovation and technological advances, R&D investment activities can create more energy-efficient digital infrastructures, develop sustainable practices and optimize resource use. In addition, these R&D investments can facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources, enhance data management systems to minimize waste and promote the adoption of green technologies by businesses and consumers. As the digital economy continues to evolve, prioritizing R&D in this area is critical to achieving long-term sustainable development goals and addressing the pressing challenges of climate change. Stakeholders across industries must therefore recognize the importance of investment in research and development as a strategic approach that not only drives economic growth but also ensures environmental stewardship in an increasingly digital world.

Investments in research and development not only foster innovation and technological progress, but also promote sustainable practices, which can have significant environmental benefits. In addition, they have the potential to create new jobs, improve public health through better air quality and drive economic growth in a manner consistent with climate goals. As society becomes increasingly dependent on digital solutions, it is critical to harness the power of the digital economy to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive society.

Research development investment is critical to all aspects of regulation. Research on R&D investment can provide direction to local governments in formulating digital economy policies and can be beneficial to local governments in considering regional differences in resource availability. The research and technical innovation strategies in the policies for developing the digital economy can substantially expedite carbon neutrality achievement by 2060.

The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational and non-occupational mortality among Mexican immigrants in the South Eastern United States. The construction industry has the highest burden of occupational fatalities in the USA of all industries, and foreign-born Hispanic workers are disproportionately affected.

Data were obtained from 3,093 death certificates maintained by the Consulate General of Mexico in Atlanta, Georgia. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were used to compare occupational-related deaths among construction industry occupations, and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between manners of death not related to occupation and employment in the construction industry.

The proportion of Mexican immigrants who died from occupational injuries is higher among all construction workers (SMR = 1.31), roofers (SMR = 2.32) and carpenters (SMR = 2.25) than other workers. Among the population in this analysis suicide [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.63] and death from natural causes (aOR = 0.70) were inversely related to work in the construction industry.

Interventions to reduce occupational fatalities among Mexican migrant construction workers should target roofers and carpenters. Future research should further investigate the industry’s association with suicide and natural death.

This is one of the first analyzes that investigated associations between construction industry employment and non-occupational fatalities among immigrants. The analysis provides evidence that a large portion of the Mexican immigrant population is used in the construction industry (38%) and face elevated risks for occupational fatalities and the results of this investigation should encourage greater surveillance of occupational illness and injury among foreign-born immigrants who work in construction, as well as other high-risk industries.

Workforce development in rural communities to address a surge in opioid addiction and overdose related hospitalizations has been an unaddressed issue in the USA. This study aims to present an integrated, trauma-informed, behavioral workforce development initiative in a midwestern rural setting in the USA.

This is a mixed method, two-phased study: the first phase tracked and analyzed two focus group conferences involving experts (n = 6) and professionals (n = 8) to develop a training protocol; the second phase provided a training (n = 101), based on the protocol to future professionals and compared competencies before and after the implementation of the training.

There is a need of a trauma integrated approach in providing interprofessional training connecting health-care workers in rural communities to address the current opioid crisis to bring about cohesion among integrated and interdisciplinary teams. Workforce building will need to implement best practices not only among medical providers but among community mental health practitioners in rural areas.

This is a unique trauma-informed workforce development initiative in a rural community. Such studies are extremely limited and almost non-existent. Further initiatives need to be taken in this field to identify unique differences within communities that may hinder implementation.

The purpose of this study explores the effects that media coverage of corporate social responsibility (CSR) news related to primary stakeholders (e.g. customers, employees and investors) and secondary stakeholders (e.g. community) have on the market value of companies, measured as the impact generated in the positive and negative abnormal returns for those companies.

Using a sample of 195 online papers published in the most important Spanish business newspaper during 2015, the authors implement an event study and a regression analysis that confirm the importance of CSR news for corporate financial goals.

The findings show that negative CSR news related to primary stakeholders such as investors and customers generate significant abnormal returns for companies that are notably larger than the abnormal returns generated by secondary stakeholders (e.g. community). Similarly, positive news related to primary stakeholders such as employees are the only positive news that affect market reactions significantly.

The study provides an empirical analysis that clarifies how media coverage of different types of CSR news affect the market value of companies. In doing so, the paper contributes to previous literature significantly because scant research exists that has compared the differential effects of CSR news focused on primary and secondary stakeholders. The findings are discussed under the premises of the managerial perspective of stakeholder theory.

This study aims to determine whether engagement in a football programme can positively impact the recovery journey of the mental health service users involved from the perspective of the “Kickstart 2 Recovery” (K2R) programme stakeholders. There are many challenges faced by the people with mental health problems, a significant one being social exclusion. Football is a socially valued occupation in Ireland (Moran, 2019) and the K2R programme is an initiative run to combat experiences of isolation and exclusion that those with mental health difficulties may experience.

A descriptive phenomenological approach was taken to the study with the use of semi-structured interviews as the research method. In total, twenty one interviews were carried out and Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Two themes represent the findings of this paper: the need for pathways and social inclusion, connection and flexibility. These reveal that facilitators are focused on supporting recovery but are unsure of how to overcome barriers to social inclusion. Sports partnerships and programme facilitators have a role to play in accessing community resources, challenging social stigma and creating exit pathways from the group.

This study reveals the challenges footballers with mental health difficulties experience when attempting to become more included in their communities and suggestions on how football programmes, such as K2R, could support their inclusion. These findings add to the body of research analysing the issue of social inclusion for people with mental health difficulties.

Does the standard of living vary from region to region in Portugal and are spatial units in Portugal converging in income? We observe spatial error dependence between municipalities and estimate spatial econometric models to test convergence. For conditional convergence we conclude that primary sector employment, activity rate, and percentage of active population with higher education are important to distinguish the “steady state” of the regional economies, reflecting the labor market at regional level.

This paper aims to determine if there is a spatial dependence in the entrepreneurial activity among countries. The existence of a “digital proximity” could explain the spatial pattern of entrepreneurship.

This question is empirically addressed by using a five-period, 2008-2012, panel data for 35 countries. A spatial fixed effects panel data model is estimated by using the total entrepreneurial activity published by the global entrepreneurship monitor as the dependent variable.

A significant negative influence of the digital proximity on the entrepreneurial activity is observed. Mobile broadband (MB) direct effect is positive while the indirect effect (the spatial spillovers) is negative, leading to a negative total effect on the total entrepreneurial activity. This result is contrary to non-spatial models’ results. Besides, a higher MB penetration in a country would lead to a competitive advantage fostering its opportunities for entrepreneurship, but reducing those of its neighbours’.

This paper examines the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and entrepreneurship, by introducing the spatial effects is the main contribution. This paper expands the scant literature on the ICT impact on entrepreneurship. Results obtained support policies towards enforcing innovation, education and reducing entry regulations for encouraging entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, MB policies could counteract the entrepreneurial policies’ results due to the spatial dependence.