Barbara Czarniawska and Guje Sevón
The purpose of this paper is to point out a worrisome phenomenon and suggest some ways of dealing with it.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to point out a worrisome phenomenon and suggest some ways of dealing with it.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a historical analysis of references in organization studies.
Findings
The finding of this paper concludes that the proportion of women authors is low and is increasing very slowly.
Research limitations/implications
Some simple solutions may be applied, even if they alone will not solve the problem.
Practical implications
An appeal to use first name on reference lists and in texts (when appropriate).
Social implications
Better recognition of women’s contribution to knowledge.
Originality/value
Not for the authors to judge.
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Contemporary scholarship has enabled a deeper analysis of the dynamics that gave rise to professional home science and a greater understanding of the obstacles women encountered…
Abstract
Contemporary scholarship has enabled a deeper analysis of the dynamics that gave rise to professional home science and a greater understanding of the obstacles women encountered and the strategies they employed to gain legitimacy as the field developed in the twentieth century. This paper examines how home science moved from its origins as ‘glorified housekeeping’ to encompass the ‘professional and ‘scientific’ dimensions of women’s lives. It goes beyond judgments about whether home science ‘helped’ or ‘hurt’ women, and asks instead, what we can learn from a study of the professional lives of women working in the highly gendered domains of academia, the professions and education? The article documents the scientific and professional lives of two women, E. Neige Todhunter and Emere Makere Waiwaha Kaa Mountain who completed qualifications at the Faculty of Home Science, Otago University in the 1920s and 1930s as a way of offering new insights into the professionalisation of women and a rethinking of the relationship between women and household science in the twentieth century.
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State‐based management (SBM) is a specific form of the game‐play methodology (GPM) – an approach to the application of constraints in humanity activity systems. The theory that…
Abstract
State‐based management (SBM) is a specific form of the game‐play methodology (GPM) – an approach to the application of constraints in humanity activity systems. The theory that supports GPM was developed using a team sports model and promotes a coordination of workers’ efforts, without limiting their individual abilities to be creative in support of corporate goals. This paper reports on research undertaken to prove the applicability of GPM to a business environment. The case studies focused on over‐the‐counter (OTC) banking services. The use of game‐play tactics (SBM) in the banking chamber was highly successful. It provided a mechanism for designing constraints that addressed issues of the incomplete and inaccurate system state knowledge usually held by the tellers. Further, the process promoted the development of a team ethos, and this change in attitudes had positive repercussions on the overall working environment
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Bhagyashree Paranjape, Margaret Rossiter and Victor Pantano
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Balanced Scorecard by listing claims made by its authors and counterclaims made by other scholars/authors; to justify further research for…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Balanced Scorecard by listing claims made by its authors and counterclaims made by other scholars/authors; to justify further research for answering the question “how to measure” in a broad manner; and to justify further research in “dynamic performance measurement systems for global organisations”.
Design/methodology/approach
By referencing relevant literature, this paper first evaluates Balanced Scorecard. In its second part, the problems associated with designing and implementing performance measures are listed and lack of research in dynamic performance measurement systems for global organisations is brought to attention. The third part emphasises the need for further research to address the issues mentioned in part two.
Findings
The literature reveals that Balanced Scorecard still prevails as the dominant performance measurement system. Successful implementations, however, are much less prevalent and translating Balanced Scorecard to concrete action is still a problematic area.
Research limitations/implications
A vast, multidisciplinary volume of literature is available on performance measurement. This review has referenced mostly recent (2000‐2005) literature.
Practical implications
This review provides a reference for academics/practitioners by listing and organising major claims made by authors of Balanced Scorecard and counterclaims made by other authors/scholars. This review also brings to notice the difficulties associated with designing and implementing measures, identifying opportunities for ongoing research.
Originality/value
This paper forms the basis for a new research direction that considers global organisations and explores the design of a dynamic performance measurement system that operates within an integrated framework of business processes.
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This article examines the national and international connections made by women graduates of the School of Home Science in their efforts to develop the scholarly expertise and…
Abstract
This article examines the national and international connections made by women graduates of the School of Home Science in their efforts to develop the scholarly expertise and professional capacity that would enable them to pursue academic careers and to improve the position of women in universities. It argues that despite the obstacles, many women were able to pursue academic pathways and to establish their own authority. By undertaking a transnational analysis, this article examines webs of influence that linked women scholars in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United States as well as those in the so called “centre” (Europe and the United Kingdom). It explores the networks formed by a select number of middle class women ‐ scholars such as Ann Gilchrist Strong, Elizabeth Gregory and Neige Todhunter ‐ as they attempted to expand the range of their scholarly work beyond national borders. It considers the influence of appointments of women academics from the United States and the United Kingdom on; the significance of post graduate study opportunities for home science graduates; and the role of scholarships and awards that enabled two way travel between the southern and northern hemispheres. A number of tensions are evident in the way women scholars located their work in new and emerging fields of academic knowledge within the university. This article explores interrelationships between women academics and graduates from the School of Home Science at the University of Otago and academic women in the United Kingdom and the United States. The final section of the paper examines the academic and scholarly life of Catherine Landreth who exemplifies the experience of a select group of women who gained personally, culturally and professionally from their international opportunities, experiences and networks. It considers Landreth’s transnational travels in search of scholarly expertise, the influence of her personal and professional networks, the significance of her pioneering work in the emerging field of early childhood education and the constraints experienced in a highly gendered academic enclave. To begin however it gives a brief overview of the introduction of Home Science at the University of New Zealand and the influence of initial international appointments on the expansion of women’s academic work at the University of Otago.
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Astha Jaiswal and Dinesh Kumar
This chapter overviews and briefly presents the literature concerning women and science from the field of feminist science studies (FSS). A major and time-consuming challenge…
Abstract
This chapter overviews and briefly presents the literature concerning women and science from the field of feminist science studies (FSS). A major and time-consuming challenge encountered during the process of this review was organising the highly varied subtopics into meaningful categories. For the sake of easy understanding, we begin the study by describing the field of science and technology study (STS) and then we move on to discuss the origin of FSS and major strands of intersection between science and feminist epistemology.
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A brief historical account of women in science is given as introduction to discussion of their present situation in the USA. Factors affecting female achievement and interest in…
Abstract
A brief historical account of women in science is given as introduction to discussion of their present situation in the USA. Factors affecting female achievement and interest in science and in scientific careers include education, socio‐cultural and personal factors. Obstacles and constraints for women during preparation for scientific professions are also described together with myths about women and recent trends. Strategies for increasing their participation are proposed.
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Women have conquered the universities but their way into top positions is still stopped by a class ceiling. Focusing appointment procedures for full professors the chapter…
Abstract
Background
Women have conquered the universities but their way into top positions is still stopped by a class ceiling. Focusing appointment procedures for full professors the chapter examines why policies aiming at gendered practices have only shown moderate success.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis follows a praxeological approach and draws on material derived from case studies covering all 22 universities in Austria. The aim of these case studies was to analyze the implementation of a new legal framework for appointment procedures at Austrian universities.
Findings
In this chapter, the effects of specific measures to tackle gender bias in appointment procedures for full professors in the Austrian context are analyzed. It is evident that despite gender awareness and a comprehensive set of regulations, regularly traditional practices remain stable and unreflected with regard to an inherent gender bias. The analysis presented thus reveals the limitations of existing equality policies. We can assume that reflexivity is a precondition for a change of unreflected practices, but does not form a part of existing policies.
Practical implications
We conclude that policies aimed at changing gendered practices have to (1) built up gender awareness as well as gender competence and (2) encourage reflexivity as well as agency among all stakeholders involved in a practice. Although there are cases where reflexivity arises from an individual conviction with regard to equality, most stakeholders have to be convinced – or even forced – by a superior authority to change their practices. Such a change can be forced by legal obligation or set down as a clear requirement by university management. It becomes evident that any guideline or regulation addressing gendered practices have to be accompanied by features that create room for reflection and reflexivity.
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Nico Cloete, Nancy Côté, Logan Crace, Rick Delbridge, Jean-Louis Denis, Gili S. Drori, Ulla Eriksson-Zetterquist, Joel Gehman, Lisa-Maria Gerhardt, Jan Goldenstein, Audrey Harroche, Jakov Jandrić, Anna Kosmützky, Georg Krücken, Seungah S. Lee, Michael Lounsbury, Ravit Mizrahi-Shtelman, Christine Musselin, Hampus Östh Gustafsson, Pedro Pineda, Paolo Quattrone, Francisco O. Ramirez, Kerstin Sahlin, Francois van Schalkwyk and Peter Walgenbach
Collegiality is the modus operandi of universities. Collegiality is central to academic freedom and scientific quality. In this way, collegiality also contributes to the good…
Abstract
Collegiality is the modus operandi of universities. Collegiality is central to academic freedom and scientific quality. In this way, collegiality also contributes to the good functioning of universities’ contribution to society and democracy. In this concluding paper of the special issue on collegiality, we summarize the main findings and takeaways from our collective studies. We summarize the main challenges and contestations to collegiality and to universities, but also document lines of resistance, activation, and maintenance. We depict varieties of collegiality and conclude by emphasizing that future research needs to be based on an appreciation of this variation. We argue that it is essential to incorporate such a variation-sensitive perspective into discussions on academic freedom and scientific quality and highlight themes surfaced by the different studies that remain under-explored in extant literature: institutional trust, field-level studies of collegiality, and collegiality and communication. Finally, we offer some remarks on methodological and theoretical implications of this research and conclude by summarizing our research agenda in a list of themes.
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David Philippy, Rebeca Gomez Betancourt and Robert W. Dimand
In the years following the publication of A Theory of Consumption (1923), Hazel Kyrk’s book became the flagship of the field that would later be known as the economics of…
Abstract
In the years following the publication of A Theory of Consumption (1923), Hazel Kyrk’s book became the flagship of the field that would later be known as the economics of consumption. It stimulated theoretical and empirical work on consumption. Some of the existing literature on Kyrk (e.g., Kiss & Beller, 2000; Le Tollec, 2020; Tadajewski, 2013) depicted her theory as the starting point of the economics of consumption. Nevertheless, how and why it emerged the way it did remain largely unexplored. This chapter examines Kyrk’s intellectual background, which, we argue, can be traced back to two main movements in the United States: the home economics and the institutionalist. Both movements conveyed specific endeavors as responses to the US material and social transformations that occurred at the turn of the 20th century, notably the perceived changing role of consumption and that of women in US society. On the one hand, Kyrk pursued first-generation home economists’ efforts to make sense of and put into action the shifting of women’s role from domestic producer to consumer. On the other hand, she reinterpreted Veblen’s (1899) account of consumption in order to reveal its operational value for a normative agenda focused on “wise” and “rational” consumption. This chapter studies how Kyrk carried on first-generation home economists’ progressive agenda and how she adapted Veblen’s fin-de-siècle critical account of consumption to the context of the household goods developed in 1900–1920. Our account of Kyrk’s intellectual roots offers a novel narrative to better understand the role of gender and epistemological questions in her theory.