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This study examines the contribution of urban development to Vietnam's economic progress over the period 1986–2020. The study uses an augmented Solow framework, where urbanization is included as a shift variable in addition to capital per worker and accounts for structural breaks. It examines the cointegration and the long-run and short-run effects of urban development from four different cases of cointegration (constant, restricted constant, restricted trend and trend options), with each case accounting for the effect of a significant structural break. Also, the study provides causality nexus to check the presence of urbanization-led growth hypothesis. From the results, we note a long-run positive effect of urbanization on economic growth, but no short-run effects. In all cases, a 1% increase in population results in 0.8–0.9 increase of output, hence supporting a positive and momentous effect of urbanization over the long-term. We note a significant positive effect of a single structural break period (1991), which is a period of major shift towards economic progress. We note bidirectional causality between capital and output and a unidirectional causality from output and capital to urbanization. The former suggests a mutually reinforcing effect of capital accumulation and economic growth, and the latter indicates that urban development necessitates economic growth and capital accumulation. The findings derived from this study provide further impetus for urban development and urban policies and consider urbanization as a critical source of economic growth for Vietnam.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reporting is crucial for organizations, especially in the current era where sustainability holds significant importance. Proper utilization of ESG reporting offers long-term benefits and enhances overall corporate well-being. This study explores fundamental aspects of ESG reporting, elucidating the reporting process, its advantages and requirements. An analysis highlights key impacts on businesses and their influence on consumer behaviour. The disclosure of ESG reporting and its determinants, such as business size and profitability, is discussed. Additionally, the study underscores the role of promoting diversity and inclusion as a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) function. Global firms undertake diverse initiatives to advance sustainability. The study emphasizes the triple bottom line theory as a strategy for sustainable development. ESG is recognized as a valuable tool for ensuring sustained growth and development in businesses. The research underscores the imperative for businesses to adopt sustainable measures consistently. Overall, the findings stress the significance of ESG reporting in the contemporary business landscape, linking it to corporate success, responsibility and the pursuit of sustainable practices.

Internet of things (IoT) is the technology enabler in smart city adoption and creates circular economy (CE). The purpose of this chapter is to find out the relationship nexus between IoT, smart city and CE and its practical constraints in execution. This chapter elaborately maps the empirical evidence available in the literature survey of smart city development, information and communication technology (ICT) and CE. The contributions from outstanding scholars and current topics are analyzed using high citations index. The authors referred the topics with scholarly publishers and validated the data. Following that, significant technology subjects such as big data and analytics, as well as intelligent information systems, are individually examined. The findings are the challenges in implementing IoT and its interoperability capacity due to interlinking of different devices and systems. Another key challenger as well as drivers are data volume and quality, privacy, complexity and governance. The research can help policymakers, IT infrastructure provider, bureaucrats and all other concerned stakeholders to get sensitized on the implementation of IoT at smart city infrastructure. It also describes about the importance of collaboration and embracing open innovation (OI) while implementing IoT. This study is innovative in its approach and referred literature in the field of IoT, smart city, and CE by high citation index (HCI). It also researched about the various constraints in building CE through technology deployment and discusses about multilayer and multifunctional collaboration.

The advent of the 21st century marks a pivotal era where rapid urbanization intersects with technological advancements, giving rise to the concept of smart cities. These urban environments harness information and communication technologies to improve service efficiency and enhance the quality of life. Parallel to this development is the emergence of circular economy (CE) models, recognized globally as an essential response to environmental challenges. This chapter delves into the integration of CE principles in smart cities, emphasizing a shift from traditional linear models towards sustainable, resource-efficient urban landscapes. Exploring the evolution of smart cities and CEs, this chapter highlights synergies and potential benefits of this integration while acknowledging significant challenges. These include technological, infrastructural, financial, policy-related and social–cultural barriers. Through a comprehensive analysis of literature, case studies and best practices, effective strategies to overcome these challenges are presented. This chapter emphasizes the roles of technological innovation, policy reform, stakeholder engagement and community involvement in driving this transformation. This chapter identifies future research areas and emerging trends, underscoring the profound impact of integrating CE principles in smart cities. This integration is pivotal for shaping sustainable and resilient urban futures, thereby redefining the paradigm of urban development in the modern era.

As more and more cities adopt resilient, inclusive and sustainable principles, circular economy (CE) emerges as a critical ally in developing smart cities. The technology-driven environment of smart cities and CE's resource-efficient principles are perfectly compatible, overcoming challenges and highlighting benefits like increased resource efficiency. The integration of CE in smart cities is thoroughly analyzed in this chapter using VOSviewer and RStudio, tracing its history and pointing urban innovators towards a circular future. The categorization of obstacles to CE implementation in smart cities, the provision of knowledge about barriers and the facilitation of methodical solutions constitute a critical focus of research. Additionally, by analyzing pertinent literature, this investigation highlights the importance of integrating the concepts of the CE and the smart cities, illuminating the interdisciplinary nature of this field. This synthesis provides policymakers and planners with the knowledge they can use to advance sustainable urbanization effectively.

It's no longer a secret that a hassle-free life and better human development index are only possible in smart cities with appropriate and efficient deployment of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies where the best results of data analysis are being used. Technology is becoming more productive using circular economy while employing all the dimensions of AI where integration of results is being incorporated as an outcome of data analysis received from different segments i.e., Traffic Management, Public Safety, and Movement, Security and surveillance, Waste Management Systems, or the Energy Management, etc. This chapter specifically talks about areas where AI is facing challenges in the implementation and administration of smart cities while covering the intrinsic challenges faced in specialized domains such as Public Sanitation, Virtual Parking Management, Traffic Congestion, Security Surveillance, and many more discussed as case study relating to the functioning of the circular economy. In the last, we have summarized the impact of AI on the CE and its future scope where AI can play a better role in increased productivity, increased efficiency, robust safety and finally economic benefit for long-term stable economic stability, development and inclusive growth.

This chapter critically discusses the literature on the subject of circular economy. It defines the circular economy at the outset and advocates its adoption in smart cities. It briefly explains the multiple phases of industrial revolution and the slow and gradual shift from a linear economy which is based on make-use-dispose model to a circular economy which relies on reusing and recycling the products produced in the production cycle. It then critically examines the legal challenges that can be associated with such a system. It draws on the lessons learnt from cities such as Amsterdam which has successfully implemented the system of circular economy. This chapter also delves into the Columbian waste management system to understand the market functioning in the waste management sector which is handled by private enterprises in the country. Moreover, the public–private partnership model in the Chinese city Suzhou is explored, and exciting methods of using this model were found.

As the global community increasingly directs its attention towards sustainable urban development, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into circular economy (CE) management within smart cities has become a potent strategy. This study aims to examine the potential influence of AI-based technologies on optimizing resources and minimizing waste, which constitute critical components of the principles underpinning the CE. The focus is mainly on applying these technologies within smart city environments. Artificial Intelligence can significantly enhance the processes of gathering, analyzing and decision-making by integrating internet of things (IoT) sensors, data analytics, machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics. This chapter explores the potential of AI in predicting trends, optimizing circular supply chains, improving waste management and recycling practices, facilitating sustainable product design, fostering citizen engagement and aiding policy development. The current research presents a comprehensive examination of the interrelated connection between the principles of CE and the advanced technology of AI. Doing so contributes significantly to our holistic comprehension of how these advancements might collectively influence the development of a more sustainable and resilient future for urban populations.

This study examines the complex array of impediments and potential advantages of the internet of things (IoT) associated with the shift towards enabling circular economy practices (CEP), motivated by the pressing necessity to address climate change and promote environmental sustainability. Based on an extensive review of scholarly sources, this study scrutinizes the technological, economic and societal challenges that ought to be addressed to attain a net-zero economy. Most outstandingly, it emphasizes the environmentally sustainable merits, potential for economic growth and improvements in societal well-being that can arise from this transition. It further depicts selected case studies to demonstrate sustainable empirical evidence and avails policy recommendations. The paradigm is to assist governments and other stakeholders in effectively managing human-associated challenges to attain increased sustainable value maximally. Finally, this highlights the utmost significance of tackling these challenges and capitalizing on opportunities to facilitate a sustainable, net-zero future that guarantees worldwide prosperity and ecological welfare.