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Article
Publication date: 25 September 2009

Manas Chaudhuri and Tarun Kabiraj

The purpose of this paper is to study the question of pre‐emptive merger decisions in a composite good framework where these goods have both competitive and complementary features.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the question of pre‐emptive merger decisions in a composite good framework where these goods have both competitive and complementary features.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper constructs a model of partial mergers when there are three firms and three goods in the production network, but consumers need only two goods to complete their consumption. This means, two of the firms produce two competing brands while the other firm produces any complementary product. Then under vertical merger cooperation takes place between two firms producing mutually compatible or complementary goods, whereas horizontal integration occurs when cooperating firms produce goods substitutes to each other.

Findings

In such a framework, partial mergers inflict strong negative externalities on the outside firms. The paper shows that loss of profits to the non‐integrated firm is higher under horizontal integration than that under vertical integration; hence pre‐emptive incentives for vertical merger are always larger. The paper clearly distinguishes between private incentives and pre‐emptive incentives for merger. If so desired, the vertically merged firm could foreclose the market of the outside firm and emerge as monopoly. Interestingly, foreclosing in our model is never optimal. The paper also provides a welfare analysis. While all‐firm merger maximizes social welfare, under vertical merger consumers are always better off. Industry profit also goes up if the goods are not so close substitutes.

Originality/value

This appears to be the first paper that discusses the question of pre‐emptive mergers in a framework of composite goods. Since, in the structure presented a horizontal merger always reduces welfare, one implication of the result is that the antitrust authority should not remain indifferent to the forms of merger actually taking place in a country.

Details

Indian Growth and Development Review, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8254

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Book part
Publication date: 13 January 2025

Ankita Mitra, Arpita Saha, Shambhu Prasad Chakrabarty, Ripon Bhattacharjee, Sufia Zaman and Abhijit Mitra

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level of the rivers is a unique indicator of aquatic health. Decrease of DO values will adversely impact the biotic community sustained by the aquatic…

Abstract

The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level of the rivers is a unique indicator of aquatic health. Decrease of DO values will adversely impact the biotic community sustained by the aquatic ecosystems. We analysed the DO level at six sites of the River Ganges adjacent to the megacity of Kolkata during the COVID-19 induced lockdown period in April 2020 and compared it with data collected from 2015 to 2019 without altering the sampling and monitoring protocols. The normal decreasing trend of DO during the time phase of 2015–2019 suddenly exhibited a sharp spike during the COVID-19 lockdown phase. The DO values hiked significantly during COVID-19 lockdown phase in all the stations with the spatial trend Botanical Garden (6.44 mg/l) > Ramkrishna Ghat (6.32 mg/l) > Shibpur Ghat (6.21 mg/l) > 2nd Hooghly Bridge (6.19 mg/l) > Princep Ghat (6.09 mg/l) > Babughat (5.79 mg/l). The data pattern confirms a straightforward improvement of water quality during the lockdown phase in the context of the DO level, which is congenial for aquatic biodiversity of the River Ganges at the local scale.

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Book part
Publication date: 13 October 2008

Indra Nath Mukherji

In the above example, India is more productive in both, chemicals as well as ceramics. However, while Bangladesh is thrice as productive domestically in respect to ceramics as…

Abstract

In the above example, India is more productive in both, chemicals as well as ceramics. However, while Bangladesh is thrice as productive domestically in respect to ceramics as compared to chemicals, India is only twice as productive in the same product relative to chemicals. It will be worthwhile for Bangladesh to specialise in the production of ceramics in which it has a comparative advantage and for India to specialise in the production of chemicals. Both countries stand to gain through trade provided that for each unit of chemical Bangladesh imports from India it has to part with less than three units of ceramics to India, while India, too, gains if for each unit of chemical it sells Bangladesh it can get more than two units of ceramics. Thus, when trade takes place, it benefits both parties when the ratio of exchange for each unit of chemicals varies between >2 and <3 units of ceramics. The exact rate of exchange would depend on relative bargaining power of the traders. A value nearer to 3 will indicate larger bargaining power for the Indian exporter, and a value nearer to 2 would indicate greater bargaining power for the Bangladeshi exporter. In general, if the relative gains are higher the lower the elasticity of demand for the product and the greater the value addition to the product. Thus, manufactured products generally fetch better exchange as compared to primary products.

Details

Conflict and Peace in South Asia
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-534-5

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Book part
Publication date: 9 November 2020

Gracie Irvine, Natasha Pauli, Renata Varea and Bryan Boruff

The Ba River catchment and delta on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji, supports a wealth of livelihoods and is populated by diverse communities who are living with an increased…

Abstract

The Ba River catchment and delta on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji, supports a wealth of livelihoods and is populated by diverse communities who are living with an increased frequency and intensity of hydro-meteorological hazards (floods, cyclones and droughts). Participatory mapping as part of focus group discussions is a tool that can be used to elucidate communities’ understanding of the differing impacts of multiple hazards, as well as the strategies used to prepare and respond to different hazards. In this chapter, the authors present the results of qualitative research undertaken with members of three communities along the Ba River, from the Nausori highlands to the coastal mangroves, with a particular focus on recent floods (2009, 2012) and Tropical Cyclone Winston (2016). The communities draw on a wide range of livelihood strategies from fishing and agriculture to tourism and outside work. Natural hazard events vary in their impact on these livelihood strategies across the landscape and seascape, so that community members can adjust their activities accordingly. The temporal ‘signatures’ of ongoing impacts are also variable across communities and resources. The results suggest that taking a broad, landscape (and seascape) approach to understanding how communities draw livelihoods is valuable in informing effective and inclusive adaptation strategies for environmental change. Furthermore, documenting how the landscape is used in a mapped output may be a valuable tool for future social impact assessment for resource extraction activities.

Details

Climate-Induced Disasters in the Asia-Pacific Region: Response, Recovery, Adaptation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-987-8

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Article
Publication date: 23 June 2023

Cristina Marín-Palacios

The role of women entrepreneurs in family businesses is becoming increasingly important, a fact that is reflected in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to…

593

Abstract

Purpose

The role of women entrepreneurs in family businesses is becoming increasingly important, a fact that is reflected in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to identify the key research areas that address this issue. To this end, a bibliometric analysis has been carried out to obtain a perspective of the current situation in this field of research and to identify the key areas of research in recent years.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the analysis is performed using a literature review and bibliometric analysis techniques. The bibliographic source supporting this analysis resulted from a Scopus search of the terms gender, entrepreneurship and family business. VOSviewer was used to facilitate the analysis.

Findings

This bibliometric analysis studies the evolutionary trend of publications on gender, entrepreneurship and family business and identifies current research trends. It also identifies authors, journals and countries with the highest impact levels to enhance collaboration and learning.

Research limitations/implications

It would be advisable to conduct further research with a broader bibliographic base and with other search criteria covering other aspects related to the role of women entrepreneurs in family businesses. This work can serve as a valuable source of information for future research in this field and to assist in the development of effective equality policies to address existing social stereotypes.

Originality/value

This research illustrates, using VOSviewer, the current growth of studies in the field of women entrepreneurship in family businesses.

Details

Journal of Family Business Management, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2043-6238

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Article
Publication date: 2 May 2019

Sunyoung Park, Karen R. Johnson and Sanghamitra Chaudhuri

Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study is to identify antecedents of work engagement in the hotel sector through an…

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Abstract

Purpose

Using the job demands-resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework, the purpose of this study is to identify antecedents of work engagement in the hotel sector through an integrative literature review of existing empirical studies.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 38 quantitative studies published between 2001 and 2017 were reviewed, and a summary of the antecedents of work engagement was compiled based on the JD-R model.

Findings

Support from the organization, supervisors and coworkers were the most frequently discussed predictors of work engagement. Compared with previous studies in other sectors, the findings show unique antecedents of work engagement in the hotel sector, such as internal branding, organizational justice and organizational features (e.g., organizational size/history/level) as job resources; behavioral intentions and polychronicity as personal resources; and customer emotions and sexual harassment as job demands.

Practical implications

This study is relevant considering the discourse in the hotel sector on delegating human resource responsibilities to frontline managers. Hotel managers should establish and maintain a work environment where coworkers and supervisors provide support as the environment is found to be a key factor that promotes work engagement.

Originality/value

The significance of the study is that it provides an overview of studies on work engagement in the hotel sector and insights on how hotel service practices affect employees and work engagement by highlighting the antecedents of work engagement from previous empirical studies.

Details

Management Research Review, vol. 42 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8269

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Article
Publication date: 10 August 2015

Pei-Jou Kuo, Lu Zhang and David A. Cranage

This research aims to investigate the impacts of misleading hotel website photos on consumers’ brand trust, emotional responses and negative word-of-mouth (WOM) intention. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to investigate the impacts of misleading hotel website photos on consumers’ brand trust, emotional responses and negative word-of-mouth (WOM) intention. The magnitude of these impacts in different contexts was examined.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a 2 (hotel segment: economy vs upscale) × 2 (expected product experience: hedonic vs utilitarian) scenario-based experimental design. A total of 240 consumers participated in this study.

Findings

The study results show that, in the case of misleading hotel website photos, brand trust was lower for the upscale hotel. Consumers experienced greater anger and regret in the upscale hotel situation and were most angry if they stayed at an upscale hotel for a hedonic purpose. The eWOM intention was higher in the upscale hotel situation. In addition, it was found that hotel physical environment was more important for female and married consumers.

Research limitations/implications

A hypothetical brand name was used in this study. Therefore, brand attitude changes and the influences of brand loyalty on consumers’ responses to misleading website photos were not examined.

Practical implications

Upscale hotels and hotels that target leisure consumers need to make an effort to use truthful website photos and ensure that the physical environment is well maintained.

Originality/value

No prior research investigated the impact of misleading hotel website photos. This research fills this gap in the hospitality literature.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 27 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 10 December 2020

Desiree Valeria Ukobitz

Three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) offers a promising value proposition across multiple manufacturing industries. Despite the variety of production benefits the technology…

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Abstract

Purpose

Three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) offers a promising value proposition across multiple manufacturing industries. Despite the variety of production benefits the technology entails, its rate of adoption is still low compared to industry forecasts. In face of this challenge, industry as well as academia requires more information and guidance. This review aims to examine the characteristics of the existing body of research on the organizational adoption of 3DP as well as its underlying theoretical concepts. The most common criteria driving adoption will be derived, such as to facilitate the managerial decision-making process. Pathways for future research will be presented.

Design/methodology/approach

This study underlies a bibliometric literature review and additionally applies content analysis to systematically investigate the existing body of research and group decision criteria along the four major pillars of strategic decision-making.

Findings

The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, the bibliometric analysis reveals interesting aspects of the existing body of research. The most prominent characteristics of the contemporary literature are reflected along descriptive indicators, such as industry, method, model, origin, research outlet or adoption drivers, thus granting relevant insights into academia and practice. Second, the most notable adoption models are carefully analyzed on their inherent attributes and their application fit for the context of organizational 3DP adoption. Findings, for instance, revealed the dominance of diffusion of innovation (DOI) across the existing body of research and divulge that this construct is generally applied in combination with user-centered decision frameworks to yield more precise results. Third, an ample range of opportunities for future research are detected and thoroughly explained. Among others, the authors identified a clear lack of information on the impact environmental variables and contingency factors exerted on the organizational adoption of 3DP. Guidance in relation to the sourcing of industry data, usage of adoption frameworks and avenues for future scientific projects is supplied.

Originality/value

This study represents the first semi-systematic literature review on the organizational adoption of 3DP. Thus, it not only offers a valuable evaluation guide for potential adopters but also determines a future research agenda.

Details

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 32 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-038X

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Article
Publication date: 1 September 2023

Liridon Kryeziu, Besnik A. Krasniqi, Mehmet Bağış, Vjose Hajrullahu, Genc Zhushi, Donika Bytyçi and Mirsim Ismajli

This study aims to examine the impact of regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive institutions and firm and individual factors on entrepreneurial behavior.

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of regulatory, normative and cultural cognitive institutions and firm and individual factors on entrepreneurial behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the quantitative research method, the authors collected data from 316 micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Kosovo, a transition economy, through a cross-sectional research design. The authors performed exploratory factor analyses, correlation and regression analyses on the data using SPSS 26 and STATA software.

Findings

The research findings indicate that, within transition economies, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions have a positive impact on entrepreneurial behaviors. The authors could not determine the effect of regulatory institutions on entrepreneurial behavior. The authors also discovered that young firms are more inclined toward entrepreneurial behavior than older firms, and micro firms display a stronger entrepreneurial behavior than small firms. Furthermore, family businesses showed a greater tendency for entrepreneurial behavior than nonfamily firms. Interestingly, when the rational decision-making interacts with regulatory institutions, the effect on entrepreneurial behavior is negative.

Research limitations/implications

This study employed a cross-sectional approach to investigate the influence of macro, meso, and micro-level factors on entrepreneurial behavior within a transitioning community across three industries. Future studies could replicate these findings within comparable institutional contexts, employing longitudinal studies that include additional variables beyond those considered in our present study.

Practical implications

Considering the importance of MSMEs for a country’s economic and sustainable development, the authors provide some policy implications. The authors recommend managers carefully evaluate the information gathered while they decide and also increase their capabilities concerning digitalization, which is crucial for their firm’s survival, growth and sustainable competitive advantage.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature and shows and analyses entrepreneurial behavior at institutional (macro), firm-level factors (meso) and managers' rational decision-making (micro), providing evidence from a transition community.

Details

Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6204

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Article
Publication date: 27 February 2023

Saban Adana, Ila Manuj, Michael Herburger, Sedat Cevikparmak, Hasan Celik and Hasan Uvet

Global supply chains are increasingly becoming more prone to high-impact disruptions, which has been fairly evident with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

Global supply chains are increasingly becoming more prone to high-impact disruptions, which has been fairly evident with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The capacity to address disruptions is essential for the survival of any organization. Coping with increasing complexity and uncertainties requires a systemic view of supply chains. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the governance structure and timely decision-making are critical in times of disruptions. Although several aspects of supply chain resilience (SCRES) are broadly studied in the literature, the relationship between supply chain orientation (SCO), decentralization in decision-making and SCRES is an understudied area.

Design/methodology/approach

This study takes a longitudinal approach to address this research gap with a comprehensive meta-analytic review to explore the relationships between the constructs of interest through the lenses of contingency and dynamic capability theories. Furthermore, 2 surveys with sample sizes of 250 and 200 were conducted with supply chain professionals to test the research framework before and after the pandemic to compare the findings.

Findings

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis indicates a positive relationship between SCO and decentralization and between decentralization and SCRES. The post-COVID-19 analysis further validates the influence of agility, collaboration and situational awareness related to decentralization and resilience. More importantly, capabilities have a higher impact on resilience during the pandemic than before.

Practical implications

The results entreat organizations to attain decentralized decision-making vis-à-vis dedicated functional teams charged with reacting timely to disruptions. The teams should be empowered to leverage their knowledge and experiences regardless of their position in the hierarchy.

Originality/value

Although SCRES is an active research stream, the structural aspects of SCRES and its relationship with SCO are understudied. Therefore, this research puts forth a research framework and empirically tests hypotheses that frame the relationship between SCO, decentralization and resilience outcomes in pre- and post-COVID environments.

Details

The International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-4093

Keywords

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