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THE material used for the construction of the wings of nearly all the aircraft made up to ten years ago was wood, generally silver spruce. Steel tube was sometimes used for the fuselage and tubular steel spars had occasionally been used in the wing structure. While wood un‐doubtedly gave excellent service, it was felt that something more durable and more uniform in its properties was required. Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, Ltd., of which I am chief engineer, began experiments in metal construction in 1917. The first aeroplane made by this firm in which the whole of the structure was of steel was flown in 1918, and production in series began in 1923. Since then very large numbers of aircraft have been constructed chiefly for the British Royal Air Force, both by my own firm and by four other British constructors, who have made similar aircraft under licence. The purpose of this paper is to give some of the reasons which led to the choice of steel, to describe the system of construction used, and to tell of the experience gained in the manufacture and supply of steel aircraft during the last ten years.

CONSTRUCTORS of metal aeroplanes since 1910, Messrs. Breguet have recently turned out a new machine which represents a complete breakaway from accepted practice. After acquiring a thorough experience of light alloy construction in the past ten years with their world‐known Breguet 19, they have been led to reconsider the problem of design from the very beginning and to introduce an entirely new conception.

ACTUALLY more by accident than design, this issue is predominantly one of our aero‐engine. We had arranged to publish another of the series of articles dealing with machining operations in various aero‐engine factories, in this instance describing production at the magnificently equipped works of the Bristol Company at Filton. We also had available particulars of two interesting French engines. As it chanced, details of two types of British engine happened to be released for publication at the same time, so that this issue is of particular interest in regard to power plants.

Under this heading are published monthly news of recent professional appointments, industrial developments and business changes, etc.

FROM the very first issue of this paper it has been a considered policy to allot a portion of our space to papers read before gatherings of interested persons, and reports of research bodies. In conformity with this policy we publish in full in this issue three of the papers read to the recent International Air Congress.

The aim of this study is to examine the determinants of students’ perceptions of the Green University. The authors also examine whether students’ perceptions of the Green University are determined by the type of sustainability-related subjects that they have been taken to date. The authors divided sustainability-related subjects into those related to economics, social, and environment. The authors also compare students’ perceptions by different university types (public vs. private) as well as students from different majors (economics and business vs. engineering). The authors use questionnaires for data collection where respondents are undergraduate students in Jakarta, Indonesia. The result shows that on average our respondents have positive perceptions about Green University practices. However, the authors also find that students’ perceptions variate across university types. The authors also find that students’ perceptions about the importance of Green University are not positively affected by sustainability-related subjects. The authors find that public university students have higher and significant perceptions about the Green University, whereas students’ majors have no significant effects.

Addresses the standardization of the measurements and the labels for concepts commonly used in the study of work organizations. As a reference handbook and research tool, seeks to improve measurement in the study of work organizations and to facilitate the teaching of introductory courses in this subject. Focuses solely on work organizations, that is, social systems in which members work for money. Defines measurement and distinguishes four levels: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Selects specific measures on the basis of quality, diversity, simplicity and availability and evaluates each measure for its validity and reliability. Employs a set of 38 concepts ‐ ranging from “absenteeism” to “turnover” as the handbook’s frame of reference. Concludes by reviewing organizational measurement over the past 30 years and recommending future measurement reseach.

Contemporary literature reveals that, to date, the poultry livestock sector has not received sufficient research attention. This particular industry suffers from unstructured supply chain practices, lack of awareness of the implications of the sustainability concept and failure to recycle poultry wastes. The current research thus attempts to develop an integrated supply chain model in the context of poultry industry in Bangladesh. The study considers both sustainability and supply chain issues in order to incorporate them in the poultry supply chain. By placing the forward and reverse supply chains in a single framework, existing problems can be resolved to gain economic, social and environmental benefits, which will be more sustainable than the present practices.

The theoretical underpinning of this research is ‘sustainability’ and the ‘supply chain processes’ in order to examine possible improvements in the poultry production process along with waste management. The research adopts the positivist paradigm and ‘design science’ methods with the support of system dynamics (SD) and the case study methods. Initially, a mental model is developed followed by the causal loop diagram based on in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation techniques. The causal model helps to understand the linkages between the associated variables for each issue. Finally, the causal loop diagram is transformed into a stock and flow (quantitative) model, which is a prerequisite for SD-based simulation modelling. A decision support system (DSS) is then developed to analyse the complex decision-making process along the supply chains.

The findings reveal that integration of the supply chain can bring economic, social and environmental sustainability along with a structured production process. It is also observed that the poultry industry can apply the model outcomes in the real-life practices with minor adjustments. This present research has both theoretical and practical implications. The proposed model’s unique characteristics in mitigating the existing problems are supported by the sustainability and supply chain theories. As for practical implications, the poultry industry in Bangladesh can follow the proposed supply chain structure (as par the research model) and test various policies via simulation prior to its application. Positive outcomes of the simulation study may provide enough confidence to implement the desired changes within the industry and their supply chain networks.