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Article
Publication date: 29 August 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot…

117

Abstract

Purpose

The prime task of research in hot forging industry is to improve the service life of forging dies. The in-service microstructural changes that may occur in a die during hot forging is expected to significantly affect the service life. The purpose of this work is to analyse the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment, and the correlation of microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach

Specific hot forging tests were carried out on double tempered AISI H11 chromium tool steel for 100, 500 and 1,000 forging strokes. Macro analysis was conducted on die cross section to analyse the wear and plastic deformation at different stages of forging cycles. Microhardness and microstructural analyses were performed on the die surface after these forging tests.

Findings

The macro analysis on the transverse section of dies shows that wear is predominant during initial forging strokes, whereas plastic deformation is observed in later stages. Microstructural analyses demonstrate that during first 500 forging cycles, carbide population decreases at 63 per cent higher rate as compared to corresponding drop during 501 to 1,000 forging cycles. Additionally, the carbide size increases at all stages of forging cycle. Further, microstructural images from dies after 1,000 forging strokes show clustering and spherodisation of carbides by which the “blocky”-shaped carbides in pre-forging samples had spherodised to form “elongated spherical” structures.

Practical implications

The findings of this work can be used in hot forging industries to predict amount of wear and plastic deformation at different stages of service. From the results of this work, the service life of double tempered H11 hot forging dies used in forging without lubrication is within 501 to 1,000 forgings.

Originality/value

Most of the literatures are focussed on the cyclic softening of material at constant temperature. This work analyses the microstructural evolution of double tempered hot forging dies in a real industrial environment and correlates the microstructural and microhardness evolution to the in-service wear and plastic deformation.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 12 September 2019

Sam Joshy, Jayadevan K.R., Ramesh A. and Mahipal D.

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical…

91

Abstract

Purpose

In hot forging, a significant amount of forging force is used for overcoming frictional force at the die-billet interface. The high frictional force along with thermomechanical stress lead to wear, plastic deformation, mechanical fatigue and cracks, which reduce the service life of hot forging dies. Of all these different types of issues, wear is the predominant mode of failure in hot forging dies. This paper aims to describe mechanisms of wear transition in different loads at near forging temperature, occurring during sliding of chromium-based H11 tool steel specimens.

Design/methodology/approach

High temperature pin-on-disc tests are performed with pin specimens machined from bars of X38CrMoV5 steel, heat treated to surface hardness of 40-42 HRc. The disc is made of EN 31 steel with hardness of 60-62 HRc. Tests are performed at constant temperature of 500°C, and the normal load was varied from 20 to 70 N.

Findings

Scanning electron microscopy investigations on worn surface have revealed that wear is primarily due to abrasion and plastic deformation. The test results show an increasing trend in wear rate with increase in load up to 30 N, followed by a reversal in trend until 50 N. This transition in wear rate is caused by development of wear resistant layers, which are formed by compaction of wear debris particles on to the worn surfaces. These compact layers are found to be stable during load range from 40 and 50 N. However, with further increase in load, abrasive wear tracks are observed without any evidence of protective layers. As a result, there is an increase in wear rate with increase in loads above 50 N. In addition, plastic shearing was dominant over abrasive wear at this load regime.

Originality/value

The study on wear behaviour of H11 hot forging steel at 20 to 70 N will be an input to the research in hot forming industries.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 16 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 16 August 2019

Muhammad Aizat Md Alias, Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah and Hilmi Amiruddin

This paper aims to investigate the composition of lubricant and the enhancement of tribological properties using palm oil as a parent base oil mixed with an organo-zinc compound…

182

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the composition of lubricant and the enhancement of tribological properties using palm oil as a parent base oil mixed with an organo-zinc compound as an additive.

Design/methodology/approach

The oil samples were prepared by mixing organo-zinc compound additive, zinc dioctyldithiophosphate (ZnDoDP) and zinc diamyldithiocarbamate (ZDDC), at 0 to 3.0 Wt.% concentrations with commercialised palm oil which were then homogenised using an ultrasonic homogeniser. The oil samples were then tested for their oil properties through elemental analysis, their viscosity index, flashpoint and acid number. Next, the friction test was performed using a four-ball tribometer, and the worn surfaces of the balls were observed using a digital microscope.

Findings

The results showed that commercialised palm oil with 2.0 Wt.% of ZnDoDP had excellent characteristics regarding its lubricant properties, such as its viscosity index, coefficient of friction and wear compared to commercialised palm oil with the addition of 2.0 Wt.% of ZDDC.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to compare the effect of the concentration of ZnDoDP and ZDDC on the lubricant and triological properties of vegetable oil (palm).

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 71 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

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Article
Publication date: 24 October 2024

Mahipal Yasuman Gadhavi

The primary motive of the research paper is to investigate the efficiency of currency market of emerging economies (BRICS countries), by analyzing the presence and consistency of…

31

Abstract

Purpose

The primary motive of the research paper is to investigate the efficiency of currency market of emerging economies (BRICS countries), by analyzing the presence and consistency of calendar anomalies – specifically the day-of-the-week (DOW) effect, the January effect and the Turn-of-the-month (TOM) effect. Daily data of around 23 years and 4 months were examined for the purpose of study. Segmented data of 8-year intervals were also analyzed to observe the changes in the pattern over a period. The findings are intended to offer insights into market behaviors and potential trading strategies for astute traders.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a quantitative research design utilizing ordinary least squares regression with dummy variables and Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model. To study the calendar anomalies, the daily closing price of five currency pairs has been taken from Bloomberg’s software. The Kruskal–Wallis test was conducted to validate and check the robustness of analysis.

Findings

There are mixed results regarding calendar anomalies in the BRICS currency markets. Analysis of aggregate data revealed that DOW effect is present in all the currencies except USDZAR, with Monday showing positive return. The segmented analysis showed the presence of DOW effect in USDCNY and USDINR, while other currencies lacked consistent patterns. The January effect was evident for Indian Rupees and Chinese Yuan but not for other currencies. TOM effect was present only in Chinese Yuan. Overall, the Indian Rupee and Chinese Yuan displayed inefficiencies, indicating potential for trading strategies, while other currencies appeared efficient and lacked consistent patterns.

Originality/value

The literature on currency pricing anomalies is sparse, particularly in the context of developing and underdeveloped economies. While some research exists on anomalies within the currencies of developed nations, there is a significant gap in studies focusing on emerging economies. This paper seeks to address this deficiency by investigating the presence of calendar anomalies in the currencies of BRICS countries, providing new insights into the behaviors of these emerging economies.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 51 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 19 May 2022

Mahipal Singh, Rajeev Rathi, Jiju Antony and Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes

The analyze phase of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) project is an important phase where the project heads and organizational directors need to select the critical issues for further…

420

Abstract

Purpose

The analyze phase of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) project is an important phase where the project heads and organizational directors need to select the critical issues for further improvements. The present work is primarily focused on analyze phase of LSS project to prioritize the critical to quality (CTQ) in a particular case industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The CTQ prioritization is being done based on the five evaluation criteria found from the literature. The weights of the criteria are determined through the modified digital logic (MDL) method. The identified CTQs in assembly section of case industry have been ranked through the gray relational analysis (GRA) under fuzzy environment. The results of the study have been validated using fuzzy VlseKriterijumska Optimisacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR).

Findings

It is found that the “cost” criterion is the most significant among other criteria with MDL weight of 0.3. Through fuzzy-GRA, out of ten identified CTQs, non-availability of rack system is found to be the most critical issue in assembly section of case industry. The perceptions of industrial manager and production head of case industry are strongly in favor of the obtained results and have implemented the suggested solutions.

Originality/value

To sustain in the competitive environment and produce quality product at right time, organizations need to control their CTQs as per their criticality. For this, the decision-making becomes quite complex to select the most critical factors because of the fascinating nature of various criteria and sub-criteria. The present study is the first attempt that has implemented the multi-criteria decision-making approach in analyze phase of LSS project.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

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Article
Publication date: 22 March 2021

Mahipal Singh and Rajeev Rathi

Lean six sigma (LSS) has attained a prominent position in mature organizations but small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are struggling in the proper implementation of LSS in…

954

Abstract

Purpose

Lean six sigma (LSS) has attained a prominent position in mature organizations but small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are struggling in the proper implementation of LSS in their core business. This study aims to make a comprehensive analysis of LSS implementation barriers in SMEs so that LSS execution can be much fluent in SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

This research work is carried out based on investigation of LSS barriers through extensive literature review. For validating the identified barriers, a questionnaire survey was conducted, and out of 400 samples, 260 responses received back. The collected responses are analyzed statistically and found 16 significant barriers. The finalized barriers are modeled using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and clustered them through matrice d’impacts croisés-multiplication appliquée a un classement (MICMAC) analysis. Furthermore, to check the consistency of results, ISM-MICMAC outcomes are validated through structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The result reveals that 16 LSS implementation barriers are finalized through expert’s opinion and validated through statistical reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.820. The ISM model reveals that the management relevant barriers are exhibiting the leading role to influence the implementation of LSS in SMEs. Moreover, the obtained results validated through SEM are found in good agreement.

Research limitations/implications

During pairwise comparisons, there may be some prejudice and subjectivity as human judgments are engaged.

Practical implications

This study provides impetus to practitioners and consultant for the initiation of LSS in the business organization through tackling the LSS barriers as per their driving and dependence power.

Originality/value

In the past, limited studies had explored the LSS barriers, but a few studies analyzed the mutual relationship between barriers. No such study is reported in literature that validates the mutual interaction model of LSS barriers. Hence, this paper presents the original research work of identification and modeling of barriers associated with LSS implementation in SMEs through hybrid ISM-SEM approach.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 12 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

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Article
Publication date: 21 June 2021

Mahender Singh Kaswan, Rajeev Rathi, Mahipal Singh, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes and Jiju Antony

The increased health-care costs, improved service quality and sustainability-oriented customer demand have forced the health-care sector to relook their current process. The…

258

Abstract

Purpose

The increased health-care costs, improved service quality and sustainability-oriented customer demand have forced the health-care sector to relook their current process. The present work deals with the identification, analysis and prioritization of just in time (JIT) enablers in the health-care sector.

Design/methodology/approach

JIT leads to waste reduction, improves productivity and provides high-quality patient care. The practical implementation of JIT depends on vital factors known as enablers. The enablers have been found through the comprehensive literature review and prioritized using responses from different health-care facilities of the national capital region of India. Grey relational analysis (GRA) has been used in the present study to rank enablers and ranks were further validated using the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and sensitivity analysis.

Findings

It has been found that top management support, teamwork and real-time information sharing are the most significant enablers of JIT in health care with grey relational grades 0.956, 0.832 and 0.718, respectively. The corresponding closeness coefficients of the fuzzy TOPSIS for the enablers were found as 0.875, 0.802 and 0.688, respectively. The findings of the present research work will facilitate the health-care organizations to implement a comprehensive JIT approach that further leads to improved patient care at a low cost.

Originality/value

The present study is unique in terms of the exploration of the readiness measures or enablers of JIT using GRA and fuzzy TOPSIS. The findings of the present research work will facilitate the health-care organizations to optimize their resources for better patient care.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 30 December 2022

Mahipal Singh, Rajeev Rathi, Ajay Jaiswal, Shah Dhyey Manishbhai, Shaptarshi Sen Gupta and Abhishek Dewangan

The present study aims to explore the barriers to Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation in the healthcare sector and develop the ranking of finalized barriers using the…

329

Abstract

Purpose

The present study aims to explore the barriers to Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation in the healthcare sector and develop the ranking of finalized barriers using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach under a fuzzy environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The LSS barriers are identified through the literature review and validated by the expert's opinion and statistical analysis. A total of 124 experts were identified through the purposive sampling method for conducting this study. A questionnaire survey method is used to collect the data related to identified LSS barriers in the healthcare sector. The screened barriers are ranked through the Fuzzy DEMATEL approach.

Findings

In this study, a total of 21 barriers were identified with the help of a systematic literature review and screened 13 significant barriers by the expert opinions of healthcare personnel. The result reveals that “Lack of top management commitment and support, lack of awareness about LSS”, “resistance to culture change and inadequate resources emerges as the most critical barriers”. The prioritization of barriers facilitates the managers to make effective policies and guidelines for LSS implementation in healthcare organizations.

Practical implications

To avoid LSS implementation failure, the practitioners and researchers need to focus on LSS barriers as per suggested ranking more conventionally and make plans and adoption policies accordingly.

Originality/value

This study is unique in terms of investigation and empirical analysis of LSS implementation barriers in the healthcare sector in the Indian context. The outcomes of the present study will help the managers of healthcare organizations to make the strategies and policies for LSS implementation as per the recommended LSS barriers.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 35 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

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Article
Publication date: 18 September 2019

Mahipal Singh, Pankaj Kumar and Rajeev Rathi

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and develop the interrelationship among them using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and…

723

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the barriers of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and develop the interrelationship among them using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and Matriced Impact Croises Multiplication Appliquee a un Classement (MICMAC).

Design/methodology/approach

Using systematic literature review and expert’s opinions, 26 LSS barriers have been extracted and finalized through statistical analysis, that is importance-index analysis and corrected item minus total correlation methods. The statistical analysis of purified 22 LSS barriers has been carried out and consistency of finalized barriers has been checked through reliability statistical test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Finally, the contextual relationship among finalized LSS barriers is developed using ISM and MICMAC approach.

Findings

The ISM model indicates that insufficient management commitment and involvement, lack of resources, lack of training and education, lack of strategic thinking, lack of training funds are strategic factors; improper project selection, poor selection of employee for belt training, lack of total employee involvement, lack of awareness of about LSS are prudent factors; unclear vision, high implementation cost, resistance to culture change, weak supplier linkage, poor alignment between company’s goal and customer demand are burst factors. Furthermore, MICMAC analysis is splitting the LSSBs in four clusters according to their driving power and dependency. These results provide a clear mind-set to engineering manager for focusing more on LSS barriers according to their driving power and dependency.

Research limitations/implications

There may be biasness in making pairwise comparison matrix of barriers due to involvement of expert’s opinion as human error.

Practical implications

The outcome of this paper provides robust practical implication for LSS researchers and practitioners. The researcher and practitioners must consciously concentrate on the identified LSSBs more conventionally during LSS implementation, and they need to plan strategically to avoid any implementation failure.

Originality/value

For successful implementation of LSS in any organization, it is necessary and permeable to make strategy for controlling LSS barriers at initial stage. So this paper is a leading attempt to highlight main LSS barriers and interrelate them using ISM and MICMAC approach. It provides a clear path for tackling LSS barriers to engineering managers, researchers and consultants.

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Article
Publication date: 5 December 2018

Mahipal Singh and Rajeev Rathi

The purpose of present study is to expose the detailed review for benefits and challenges about implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in business organization and spread of LSS…

5512

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of present study is to expose the detailed review for benefits and challenges about implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in business organization and spread of LSS literature in term of various sectors wise, research methodology wise and journal wise.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper covers the literature on LSS from 2000 to 2018. The authors have selected a large number of research papers using the keywords as Lean Six Sigma implementation in automotive, micro small medium enterprises, health care, education, financial sectors and many more. A total of 216 research papers have been reviewed on LSS distribution of sector wise, research methodology adopted, active countries, year of publication and critical barriers in implementation of LSS.

Findings

The present literature classifies the spread of LSS in four important sectors of manufacturing, health care, human resource, financial and education. It presents the critical barriers and benefits of LSS implementation in various sectors mentioned above and an important research gap, where practitioner/researcher can focus more during their research on LSS.

Practical implications

It is important for industry, researchers and LSS practitioners to be aware about challenges and success factor during LSS implementation in various sectors such as manufacturing, education, financial, human resource and health care. Hence, this paper could provide significant and valuable insights to industry and practitioners for successful implementation of LSS projects.

Social implications

LSS results in reduced waste, defects and improve process, which in turn provide high-quality products at minimum cost, and this leads to customer delight, which ultimately raises the societal living standard. The results encourage LSS practices without fear because there is a huge discussion of near about all success and failure parameters about LSS.

Originality/value

To the authors’ best knowledge, no studies have still covered the literature review of LSS implementation in three different sectors: manufacturing, service and process. The present study was mainly focused on presenting a systematic review of literature in said sectors and found the gap between current status and future direction for the implementation of LSS in different areas.

Details

International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-4166

Keywords

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