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The purpose of the paper is to determine the specifics of scientific discourse in the sphere of managing professional mobility of the Russian youth and to develop a cognitive scheme of sociological research of this problem.

The authors use the potential of the stratification and activity approaches, the theory of multiplicity of professionalization, and multidimensional analysis as the most perspective method for sociological measuring of phenomena and processes in the professional sphere in the conditions of society's transformation.

The authors determine and study the key directions in the sphere of studying the professional mobility of the Russian youth and managing this process; substantiate the conceptual and methodological underdevelopment of this problem and offer the proprietary methodological strategy of its sociological study through distinguishing three stages of professional development of youth; substantiate the perspectives of its usage in studying the professional mobility of youth and constructing the effective policy of managing this process; outline the role of state and education in overcoming crisis factors of professional development of youth in the context of domination in the modern world and among the Russian youth.

Importance of this research is predetermined by the need for theoretical consideration of top-priority directions in studying professional mobility of youth and the means of managing this process in view of the factors of crisis professionalization, unpreparedness of youth to adapt in spontaneous and quickly changing conditions of the labor market and absence of the conceptual sociological developments in this sphere.

The materials of the research and the offered cognitive scheme are aimed at formation of the methodological basis of studying the problem of managing the professional mobility of the Russian youth for the purpose of overcoming the crisis trajectory of professionalization of the Russian youth and increasing the effectiveness of its professional mobility in the conditions of increased mobility of the whole modern world.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether ethnic discrimination is present in the Russian labor market and whether it has a significant economic effect on the potential salaries of applicants.

Data were collected using a correspondence audit for four experimental male applicants with identical professional and personal characteristics while differing only in applicant name as a signal of applicants' ethnic background. Implied ethnicities include Russians, Armenians, Jews and North Caucasians. Résumés were sent out to 800 real unique vacancies on behalf of the experimental applicants with a geographic focus on the capital Moscow.

The results of the analysis suggest that there is a significant difference in treatment in both response rate and potential average salaries on ethnic grounds. Disadvantaged groups were found to be systematically pushed into jobs paying 15% less monthly wage.

The study investigates the existence of ethnic discrimination in the Russian labor market and furthermore economically quantifies the effects of discrimination.

The study suggests that the high concentration of mining and metallurgical enterprises on the territory of the Russian Ural region determines the need to consider industrial waste, including nickel slag, as a possible raw material for the production of ceramic bricks. The article describes the properties of clays and nickel slag obtained at metallurgical enterprises in the Orenburg region and the features of their use as components in the composition of ceramic bricks.

To achieve this purpose, such tasks as determining the technological parameters of production, conducting the X-ray phase and microstructural analysis of the obtained samples were solved.

Compositions of ceramic mass using clay from the Khalilovsky deposit (Orenburg region) with the addition of nickel slag (20 and 40% by weight) have been developed, and their physical and mechanical properties (compressive strength, bending strength, water absorption and density) have been determined. With the help of modern research methods involving high-tech equipment, the microstructure is considered and the phase composition of the finished samples is determined. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the composition of the selected clay and nickel slag in the obtained rational composition ensures the production of ceramic bricks of grades M175 and M200.

This is the first study on the use of nickel slag for the production of ceramic bricks. The results relate primarily to Russian feedstocks, but a methodology is presented that can be applied to other countries as well as to other silica-containing feedstocks.