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Article
Publication date: 14 December 2018

Annegret Bendiek and Magnus Römer

This paper aims to explain how the EU projects its own data protection regime to third states and the US in particular. Digital services have become a central element in the…

3330

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to explain how the EU projects its own data protection regime to third states and the US in particular. Digital services have become a central element in the transatlantic economy. A substantial part of that trade is associated with the transfer of data, most of it personal, requiring many of the new products and services emerging to adhere to data protection standards. Yet different conceptions of data protection exist across the Atlantic, with the EU putting a particular focus on protecting the fundamental right to privacy.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the distinction between positive and negative forms of market integration as a starting point (Scharpf, 1997), this paper examines the question of how the EU is projecting its own data protection regime to third states. The so-called California effect (Vogel, 1997) and the utilization of trade agreements in the EU’s foreign policy and external relations are well researched. With decreasing effectiveness and limited territorial reach of its enlargement policy, the EU found trade agreements to be particularly effective to set standards on a global level (Lavenex and Schimmelfennig, 2009). The existence of the single market makes the Union not only an important locus of regulation but also a strong economic actor with the global ambition of digital assertiveness. In the past, establishing standards for the EU’s vast consumer market has proven effective in compelling non-European market participants to join.

Findings

As the globe’s largest consumer market, Europe aims to project its own data protection laws through the market place principle (lex loci solutionis), requiring any data processor to follow its laws whenever European customers’ data are processed. This paper argues that European data protection law creates a “California Effect”, whereby the EU exerts pressure on extra-territorial markets by unilateral standard setting.

Originality/value

With its GDPR, the EU may have defused the problem of European citizens’ data being stored and evaluated according to the US law. However, it has also set a precedent of extra-territorial applicability of its legislation – despite having previously criticized the USA for such practices. By now, international companies increasingly store data of European customers in Europe to prevent conflicts with EU law. With this decision, the EU will apply its own law on others’ sovereign territory. Conflicts created through the extra-territorial effects of national law may contradict the principle of due diligence obligations but are nevertheless not illegitimate. They may, however, have further unintended effects: Other major economies are likely to be less reluctant in the future about passing legal provisions with extra-territorial effect.

Details

Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-5038

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 12 February 2025

Thiago Rocha Fabris, André Filipe Zago de Azevedo and Magnus Dos Reis

This study investigates the implications of trade, institutional and geographical variables on economic growth. The proposed analytical framework extends the seminal works of…

12

Abstract

Purpose

This study investigates the implications of trade, institutional and geographical variables on economic growth. The proposed analytical framework extends the seminal works of Frankel and Romer (1999), Rodrik et al. (2004), Silva and Tenreyro (2006) and Squalli and Wilson (2011).

Design/methodology/approach

Applying a comprehensive panel database that includes 133 countries during the period 1996–2014. Our estimators encompass three dimensions (fixed effects) and use the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) approach to create an instrument for trade. This approach effectively addresses the issues associated with endogenous regressors.

Findings

Findings from this study demonstrate a significant correlation between economic growth and the variables of trade, institutions and geography, with trade surfacing as the most influential factor. Notably, the impact of these factors appears to be diminished in low-income countries, especially in the parameters that reflect the role of institutions on per capita income.

Originality/value

The originality of the study is underscored by four key aspects: the employment of a unique econometric approach, the use of a three-dimensional panel database with fixed effect estimators and PPML, the inclusion of a novel measure of trade openness diverging from the conventional literature in the bilateral trade equation, and finally, the implementation of robustness tests probing the sensitivity of per capita income to institutions, trade and geography.

Details

EconomiA, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1517-7580

Keywords

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Publication date: 1 October 2015

Alisa Brink, C. Kevin Eller and Huiqi Gan

We conduct an experiment to examine the occurrence of the bystander effect on willingness to report a fraudulent act. Specifically, we investigate the impact of evidence strength…

Abstract

We conduct an experiment to examine the occurrence of the bystander effect on willingness to report a fraudulent act. Specifically, we investigate the impact of evidence strength on managers’ decisions to blow the whistle in the presence and absence of other employees who have knowledge of the wrongdoing. Results indicate that when there is strong evidence indicating a fraudulent act, individuals with sole knowledge are more likely to report than when others are aware of the fraudulent act (the bystander effect). However, the bystander effect is not found when evidence of fraud is weak. Further, a mediated moderation analysis indicates that perceived personal responsibility to report mediates the relation between others’ awareness of the questionable act and reporting likelihood, suggesting that the bystander effect is driven by diffusion of responsibility. Our results have implications for all types of organizations that wish to mitigate the detrimental effect of fraud. Specifically, training or incentives may be necessary to overcome the bystander effect in an organization.

Details

Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-635-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2014

Anthony Adu-Asare Idun and Anthony Q.Q. Aboagye

This paper takes the finance-growth nexus further by looking at the relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana. The purpose of this…

2147

Abstract

Purpose

This paper takes the finance-growth nexus further by looking at the relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana. The purpose of this paper is to find the causality among bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

The relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth was established through the framework of the endogenous growth model. In addition, the paper employed the bound testing ARDL cointegration procedures to enable us to establish both short-run and long-run relationship between bank competition, financial innovations and economic growth. Granger causality test were also estimated to determine the direction of causality.

Findings

The results showed that, in the long run, bank competition is positively related to economic growth while financial innovation is negatively related to economic growth. In the short run, bank competition is negatively related to economic growth. By the same token, financial innovation is positively related to economic growth in the short run. In terms of causality, the results showed that there is unidirectional Granger causality from bank competition to economic growth. However, there is bidirectional Granger causality between financial innovation and economic growth.

Practical implications

The study therefore, recommends for more regulations toward a more competitive banking system with more innovative products tailored toward mobilization of savings and investment to growth induced sectors of the economy.

Originality/value

This paper provides a time series perspective to the finance-growth nexus and highlights the potential contribution of effective banking development to the economic welfare of the Ghanaian citizens.

Details

African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-0705

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 18 January 2022

Dante Amengual, Enrique Sentana and Zhanyuan Tian

We study the statistical properties of Pearson correlation coefficients of Gaussian ranks, and Gaussian rank regressions – ordinary least-squares (OLS) models applied to those…

Abstract

We study the statistical properties of Pearson correlation coefficients of Gaussian ranks, and Gaussian rank regressions – ordinary least-squares (OLS) models applied to those ranks. We show that these procedures are fully efficient when the true copula is Gaussian and the margins are non-parametrically estimated, and remain consistent for their population analogs otherwise. We compare them to Spearman and Pearson correlations and their regression counterparts theoretically and in extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Empirical applications to migration and growth across US states, the augmented Solow growth model and momentum and reversal effects in individual stock returns confirm that Gaussian rank procedures are insensitive to outliers.

Details

Essays in Honor of M. Hashem Pesaran: Panel Modeling, Micro Applications, and Econometric Methodology
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-065-8

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 9 March 2022

Piero Formica

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

Details

Ideators
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-830-2

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Book part
Publication date: 9 March 2022

Piero Formica

Abstract

Details

Ideators
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-830-2

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2003

Georgios I. Zekos

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some…

101260

Abstract

Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.

Details

Managerial Law, vol. 45 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0558

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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2017

Jiafu Su, Yu Yang and Na Zhang

The purpose of this paper is to propose a valid and quantitative measurement method of knowledge diffusion efficiency for the knowledge collaboration networks (KCNs).

438

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a valid and quantitative measurement method of knowledge diffusion efficiency for the knowledge collaboration networks (KCNs).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds a weighted KCN model with the node and edge weights. Based on the weighted KCN, the factors of knowledge diffusion efficiency are proposed and analyzed. Then, the knowledge transfer effect between two nodes is proposed and measured by comprehensively integrating the above factors. Furthermore, the main metric of efficiency of knowledge diffusion is proposed by modifying Latora and Marchiori’s model of efficiency of network.

Findings

A case is studied to illustrate the applicability of the proposed weighted network model and the knowledge diffusion efficiency measurement method. The results show the methods proposed in this paper can better measure and analyze the knowledge diffusion efficiency of KCNs than the traditional un-weighted methods and the subjective evaluation methods.

Originality/value

The real KCNs are always weighted networks. The weighted model of KCN can better reflect the real networks than the un-weighted model. Based on the weighted networks, the measurement methods proposed in this paper can more efficiently and accurately measure and evaluate the knowledge diffusion efficiency than the traditional methods. This study can help researchers to better understand knowledge diffusion theoretically, and provide managers with a decision support for knowledge management in practice.

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Book part
Publication date: 9 March 2022

Piero Formica

Abstract

Details

Ideators
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-830-2

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