Teofil Jesionowski, Magdalena Nowacka and Filip Ciesielczyk
The purpose of this paper is to characterise the electrokinetic properties of pigments supported on both unmodified and modified silica. The paper describes the preparation of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to characterise the electrokinetic properties of pigments supported on both unmodified and modified silica. The paper describes the preparation of hybrid pigments via adsorption of organic dyes on silica supports and determination of the zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility of the materials obtained.
Design/methodology/approach
The materials studied were hybrid pigments obtained as a result of adsorption of two basic dyes: C.I. Basic Red 1 and C.I. Basic Orange 14 and one acidic dye C.I. Mordant Red 3 from solutions of concentrations of 500, 2,000 and 3,000 mg/dm3 on the surface of both unmodified and modified silica supports. The agent used for modification of the silica surface was N‐2‐(aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
Findings
The modification of the silica surface with aminosilane was found to change, significantly, the electrokinetic character of the inorganic support. This change was interpreted as being due to the ionisation of −NH2 groups from the modifier molecule, which changes the surface charge. Electrokinetic curves of the pigment composites changed considerably as a function of the type and concentration of the organic dye adsorbed.
Research limitations/implications
Only SiO2 supports (unmodified and aminosilane‐grafted) and C.I. Basic Red 1, C.I. Basic Orange 14 or C.I. Mordant Red 3 dyes adsorbed on its surface were evaluated. Other dyes could also be studied.
Practical implications
Measurements of the zeta potential were used to characterise the stability of colloidal dispersions of paints or dyes and to control the stability of paints on storage and their performance on painting and drying.
Originality/value
The paper demonstrates that the measurements of zeta potential permit determination of the optimum conditions for the use of a given pigment. The finding of the change of the zeta potential of a given pigment and so, also its application properties as a result of different functional groups in the dye or the modifying agent molecules.
Details
Keywords
General presidential elections are the achievements of the democratic forces and always arouse a multitude of social excitement. The presidential campaigns in years 1990; 1995;…
Abstract
General presidential elections are the achievements of the democratic forces and always arouse a multitude of social excitement. The presidential campaigns in years 1990; 1995; 2000; 2005; 2010; and present in 2015 became more and more professional. The role of planning and effective campaigns also increased. After more than 25 years of independence and after successfully carrying out the transformation of a new generation of voters born, raised, and educated in a democratic country whose political decisions are not conditioned in comparison to situation, Communist Poland has grown up and voted in 2015. The expectations of this generation are attributable to a good job, the ability to travel, and actively shaping their own lives. The existing political and party system no longer reflects the new social divisions which are becoming increasingly visible in the country.
This chapter describes the situation of Polish women in the process of democratic transition in Poland. Its analysis includes the participation of women in political life, the…
Abstract
This chapter describes the situation of Polish women in the process of democratic transition in Poland. Its analysis includes the participation of women in political life, the activities of women's organizations, and the social situation of Polish women. The first part of this work concerns the period of real socialism; analyzes the main points of the media discussion about the problems of women in processes of democratization in 1989; the political system after 1989, including a possible guarantee in achieving the quota of female representation on electoral lists, which certainly will increase the political representation of women in Polish political institutions.