An aerothermodynamic design code for axisymmetric projectiles has been developed using a viscous‐inviscid interaction scheme. Separate solution procedures for the inviscid and the…
Abstract
An aerothermodynamic design code for axisymmetric projectiles has been developed using a viscous‐inviscid interaction scheme. Separate solution procedures for the inviscid and the viscous (boundary layer) fluid dynamic equations are coupled by an iterative solution procedure. Non‐equilibrium, equilibrium and perfect gas boundary layer equations are included. The non‐equilibrium gas boundary layer equations assume a binary mixture (two species; atoms and molecules) of chemically reacting perfect gases. Conservation equations for each species include finite reaction rates applicable to high temperature air. The equilibrium gas boundary layer equations assume infinite rate reactions, while the perfect gas equations assume no chemical reactions. Projectile near‐wall and surface flow profiles (velocity, pressure, density, temperature and heat transfer) representing converged solutions to both the inviscid and viscous equations can be obtained in less than two minutes on minicomputers. A technique for computing local reverse flow regions is included. Computations for yawed projectiles are accomplished using a coordinate system transformation technique that is valid for small angle‐of‐attack. Computed surface pressure, heat transfer rates and aerodynamic forces and moments for 1.25 &le Mach No. &le 10.5 are compared to wind tunnel and free flight measurements on flat plate, blunt‐cone, and projectile geometries such as a cone‐cylinder‐flare.
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John York, Kaley Lugo, Lukasz Jarosz and Michael Toscani
The purpose of this study is to understand how Amazon’s threat may impact the Pharmacy Industry as a whole and whether traditional drugstore chains such as consumer value stores…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand how Amazon’s threat may impact the Pharmacy Industry as a whole and whether traditional drugstore chains such as consumer value stores (CVS) Pharmacy will need to re-think their business strategy, especially in the digital space, to account for potential disruption.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a hypothetical case study used as a teaching exercise to guide the learner through a decision-making process. The case starts by presenting a disruption in the retail pharmacy business that the main character must navigate by using real-world data and insights, provided in the case, to formulate a recommendation.
Findings
In an extremely competitive and consolidated pharmacy market, Amazon has the potential to change the business entirely. CVS Health will potentially face strong headwinds from Amazon’s PillPack and a downward trend in prescription sales. Regardless of the new competition, CVS Health continues to be innovative in the space. Instead of being a one-trick pony, CVS has encompassed the mentality of becoming a one-stop-shop by expanding into areas such as specialty pharmacy, health clinics, pharmacy benefits management and innovative digital capabilities.
Originality/value
This paper provides the reader with existing and known information about the evolving retail pharmacy business and allows the reader to interpret the new information to make their own decision on how a digital business strategy team can account for potential disruption.