M.E. Heaton, M. Rogante and A. Len
In this paper, Gamma‐Butyrolactone (GLB) mixed with Triarylsulfonia and Hexafluroantimonate in the substrate of a microturbine is considered for a Small Angle Neutron Scattering…
Abstract
In this paper, Gamma‐Butyrolactone (GLB) mixed with Triarylsulfonia and Hexafluroantimonate in the substrate of a microturbine is considered for a Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) diagnostic study, paying particular attention to molecular orientations and other micro‐characteristics in connection with the mechanical properties of the substrate. The investigated microturbine is a new MEMS device for the first pioneering study of either gas or airflow sensing using the low pressurehead characteristics of axial‐flow. The substrate material of the microturbine is a negative photoresist composed of an epoxy resin organic solvent. This study wishes to demonstrate the feasibility of the SANS process for examining this substrate on the nano‐scale prior to a full materials investigation, which aims to provide both the information to both improve the characteristics and performance of the microturbine and estimate its maximum lifetime more accurately. The data could also be used to match microturbines to appropriate applications in either flow‐sensing or micro‐power generation in accordance with structural strength limits.
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Mark E. Heaton, Massimo Rogante, Adél Len and David Denieffe
The purpose of this paper is to determine the nano‐sized characteristics of SU‐8 polymer micro‐electromechanical systems airflow metrology turbines samples. These microturbines…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the nano‐sized characteristics of SU‐8 polymer micro‐electromechanical systems airflow metrology turbines samples. These microturbines were made to be the first using axial airflow for low air pressure response. This polymer may be affected during curing by UV and heat baking, as well as confined heat from laser ablation. Defects in the resin matrix may influence the material quality and hence the final turbine performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Small angle neutron scattering investigations were performed using the instrumentation of the Budapest Research Reactor.
Findings
The average sizes of the voids/cracks in the resin matrix of the turbines were determined and allowed the viability of making smaller even thinner rotor blades for higher spin and electrical output capability to be considered.
Originality/value
The obtained results have advanced the industrial applicability of the adopted technique in the considered sector of polymer analysis.
Owing to the technology growth, especially in Microsystems technology and Nanotechnology, new products will provide new ways to sense variables that are crucial for product…
Abstract
Purpose
Owing to the technology growth, especially in Microsystems technology and Nanotechnology, new products will provide new ways to sense variables that are crucial for product improvement and system reliability. A big concern of the scientific community is the measurement of low level flow measurements, especially for the biomedical and/or systems on a chip approaches.Design/methodology/approach – A new flow meter concept design consists of a surface micromachined sensor having an optical high reflective mirror made of gold, which is attached to unique cantilever designs that bend due to the drag force of mass flow. The bending of the cantilevers produces the mirror to approach/depart from an optical fiber end‐tip. The reflective light to fiber is modulated using a Fabry‐Perot interferometry technique to determine the mirror separation to the fiber, which corresponds to the mass flow.Findings – The new concept design shows a big potential approach to measure low flow measurements for air, gas and liquids of low viscosity. The results of this concept, through finite element analysis, show that the material used to build the sensor, makes them excellent candidates for fabrication. The stresses of the materials and allowable (readable) bending are among the tolerances of such materials/construction‐design. The sensor is not affected by electromagnetic interference and does not require electrical currents to sense, i.e. it is perfectly suited for biomedical and low mass‐flow sensing such as lab‐on‐chip applications.Originality/value – Among all approaches to sense low flow measurements, most of them need either “big” turbine approaches (dimensions over 1 cm diameter), or the need of an electrical approach needed in the end measurement sensor. This work proposes a non‐electrical approach.
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Denning, L.J. Buckley and L.J. Roskill
June 13,1972 Industrial Relations — Unregistered trade union — Unpaid shop stewards elected by fellow members with union authority to negotiate at local level with dock employers…
Abstract
June 13,1972 Industrial Relations — Unregistered trade union — Unpaid shop stewards elected by fellow members with union authority to negotiate at local level with dock employers — Shop stewards initiating campaign of blacking container lorries after blacking by unregistered union knowingly inducing breaches of contract made “unfair industrial practice” by statute — Industrial Court orders to union to stop specified blacking — Union advice to shop stewards to obey court orders rejected — Court finding union in contempt and liable to fines and to compensate complainants for unfair industrial practices — Shop stewards agents, not servants of union — Whether evidence of implied authority from union to agents to black — Union not responsible for conduct of shop stewards acting outside scope of express or implied authority — Industrial Relations Act, 1971 (c.72) ss. 96(1), 101,167(1) (9).
Dalia Marciukaityte and Samuel H. Szewczyk
We examine whether discretionary accruals of firms obtaining substantial external financing can be explained by managerial manipulation or managerial overoptimism. Insider trading…
Abstract
We examine whether discretionary accruals of firms obtaining substantial external financing can be explained by managerial manipulation or managerial overoptimism. Insider trading patterns and press releases around equity and debt financing suggest that managers are more optimistic about their firms around debt financing. Consistent with earlier studies, we find that discretionary current accruals peak when firms obtain equity financing. However, we also find that discretionary accruals peak when firms obtain debt financing. Moreover, discretionary accruals are higher for firms that rely on debt rather than on equity financing. The results are robust to controlling for firm characteristics, excluding small and distressed firms, and using alternative measures of discretionary accruals. These findings support the hypothesis that managerial overoptimism distorts financial statements of firms obtaining external financing.
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Wilberforce, Pearson, Diplock, Cross of Chelsea and Salmon
July 26, 1972 Industrial Relations — Unregistered trade union — Shop stewards — “Blacking” container lorries — Court orders on union to stop such action — Union advice to obey…
Abstract
July 26, 1972 Industrial Relations — Unregistered trade union — Shop stewards — “Blacking” container lorries — Court orders on union to stop such action — Union advice to obey court orders unheeded — Whether implied authority from union for conduct of shop stewards as its agents — Whether agents' conduct outside scope of authority — Whether union guilty of wilful contempt of court — Whether union liable for unfair industrial practices — Industrial Relations Act, 1971 (c.72), ss. 99(1) (a), (b), 101,116,154,167(1), (9).
Ping He and Xiaoqing Hu
Individuals tend to simplify a complex portfolio decision problem into several manageable dimensions, each of which can frame their perception of risk.We check this view by…
Abstract
Individuals tend to simplify a complex portfolio decision problem into several manageable dimensions, each of which can frame their perception of risk.We check this view by studying the effect of investment horizons on households’ portfolio decisions. Using the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) data, we find that households allocate more of their wealth in stocks if they report longer planning horizons. The existence of foreseeable expenditure significantly changes the dependence of risky stock investment on the planning horizon.We decompose the reported planning horizon into an objective part and a subjective mental accounting part, and find that the mental accounting part has a greater effect on household portfolio choice. This is consistent with the argument that individuals make investment decisions based on the horizon at which the risk is perceived rather than the horizon at which the investment reward or cash is needed.
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A distinction must be drawn between a dismissal on the one hand, and on the other a repudiation of a contract of employment as a result of a breach of a fundamental term of that…
Abstract
A distinction must be drawn between a dismissal on the one hand, and on the other a repudiation of a contract of employment as a result of a breach of a fundamental term of that contract. When such a repudiation has been accepted by the innocent party then a termination of employment takes place. Such termination does not constitute dismissal (see London v. James Laidlaw & Sons Ltd (1974) IRLR 136 and Gannon v. J. C. Firth (1976) IRLR 415 EAT).
Ingrid Lynch, Tracy Morison, Catriona Ida Macleod, Magdalena Mijas, Ryan du Toit and Simi Seemanthini
Existing reviews of research on voluntary childlessness generally take the form of narrative summaries, focusing on main topics investigated over time. In this chapter, the…
Abstract
Existing reviews of research on voluntary childlessness generally take the form of narrative summaries, focusing on main topics investigated over time. In this chapter, the authors extend previous literature reviews to conduct a systematic review and content analysis of socio-historical and geopolitical aspects of knowledge production about voluntary childlessness. The dataset comprised 195 peer-reviewed articles that were coded and analysed to explore, inter alia: the main topic under investigation; country location of authors; sample characteristics; theoretical framework and methodology. The findings are discussed in relation to the socio-historical contexts of knowledge production, drawing on theoretical insights concerned with the politics of location, representation and research practice. The shifts in the topics of research from the 1970s, when substantial research first emerged, uphold the view of voluntary childlessness as non-normative. With some regional variation, knowledge is dominated by quantitative, hard science methodologies and mostly generated about privileged, married women living in the global North. The implications of this for future research concerned with reproductive freedom are outlined.
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With reference to the report of the Annual General Meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain, which was published in the February issue of THE BRITISH FOOD…
Abstract
With reference to the report of the Annual General Meeting of the Pure Food and Health Society of Great Britain, which was published in the February issue of THE BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL, and to the speech delivered by MR. GOSLIN upon the proper handling and purveying of meat, an article which has subsequently appeared in The Standard is of considerable interest. It is pointed out that no one who gives the matter serious consideration can approve of the present methods. “Many years ago Oxford made its protest against carcasses or joints being exposed in open‐fronted shops. It is just possible that when the powers that were objected to and forbade this proceeding they thought more of the æsthetics than the science of it, but they most certainly did a good thing when they took flesh foods away from the contamination of street dust and the variations of temperature that are dependent on every gust of wind or every moment of sunlight or shadow.”