Atefeh Bahrami Mousavi, Pouria Baghery, Mahmoud Peikari and Gholam‐Reza Rashed
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle content on the corrosion behavior of Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings applied by pulse‐reverse…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle content on the corrosion behavior of Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings applied by pulse‐reverse electroplating.
Design/methodology/approach
Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings with various contents of TiO2 nanoparticles were electrodeposited by pulse‐reverse method from a bath containing TiO2 nanoparticles to be codeposited and citric acid as the complexing agent. The surface morphology and the composition of coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X‐ray system (EDS). The corrosion performance of coatings in the 0.5 M NaCl as a corrosive solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods.
Findings
It was found that the surface of Ni‐Cr/TiO2 nanocomposite coatings showed a finer structure that was more uniform and compact in appearance than was that of Ni‐Cr coatings. The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the alloy coating matrix improved the corrosion performance of the coatings and the higher content of nanoparticles gave better corrosion resistance.
Originality/value
Applying the Ni‐Cr coatings by the pulse‐reverse plating method eliminated cracks that were a problem in the Ni‐Cr alloy coating structure. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance was improved by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the alloy matrix. This paper reports the optimum plating conditions that gave the better corrosion performance.
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C.R. Magaña‐Zavala, M.E. Angeles‐San Martín and F.J. Rodríguez‐Gómez
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of nickel and nickel oxide thin films as anticorrosive protection for low‐carbon steel when expose to sour media. The purpose of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of nickel and nickel oxide thin films as anticorrosive protection for low‐carbon steel when expose to sour media. The purpose of this paper is also the study of a superior oxide nickel thin film over the nickel thin film.
Design/methodology/approach
Nickel thin films are applied on steel AISI 1018 (UNS G 10180) by magnetron sputtering and electrolytic techniques. The films are tested after deposition on low‐carbon steel. A massive nickel electrode also is evaluated as a reference. In order to evaluate the protective properties of films in sour media, electrochemical techniques are employed, but also scanning electron microscopy in order to identify the difference in porosity and surface of the films coated by both techniques.
Findings
Micrographs of thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering reveal a homogeneous surface whereas the electrolytic films show many micro‐crevices and expose the substrate even on the oxide films. These results indicate that localize corrosion on the film surface diminishes the corrosion resistance, even if the film itself has a superior corrosion resistance.
Practical implications
These kinds of nickel thin films deposit by magnetron sputtering and their oxides are an excellent anticorrosion alternative even for mild carbon steel exposed on sour media.
Originality/value
The sputtered nickel deposit is consistently more protective against corrosion than an electrolytic deposit of the same thickness. The nickel oxide benefits the steel by displacement of the corrosion potential towards more positive values. The electrochemical performance of solid nickel oxide is superior compared to the nickel metallic film on the steel substrate.
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C.R. Magaña‐Zavala, M.E. Angeles‐San Martín, F.J. Rodríguez‐Gómez, D.R. Acosta, R. Ávila‐Godoy and B. Hidalgo‐Prada
The purpose of this paper is a theoretical modeling use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique for different cases that could describe the possible…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is a theoretical modeling use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique for different cases that could describe the possible electrochemical behaviour on steel coated with metallic and oxide thin films (of nickel) deposited by magnetron sputtering, and compare them to know if the theoretical analysis resembles the real case. It is extremely important to clarify that such simulations do not consider the use of the constant phase element (CPE) for the analysis. Therefore, the goal for the theoretical models should be to gain acceptance in electrochemical research.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to obtain the equivalent circuits to explain the different possible behaviours of the films and their protective properties in sour media, EIS experimental data were correlated with data from the simulation software. The different nickel and nickel oxide thin films were tested after their deposition by magnetron sputtering on low‐carbon steel and after they had then been exposed to the sour media electrolyte of NaCl 3 wt% + H2S (saturated).
Findings
The EIS simulation starts from the laboratory evaluation of nickel and nickel oxide thin films as anticorrosive protection for low‐carbon steel exposed to sour media. From these results, it is found that the nickel and nickel oxide films could adopt seven different behaviours, and all are possible to occur.
Practical implications
The equivalent circuits proposed will give an insight into the corrosion phenomena for different metals coated with thin films and exposed to sour media, because all of the simulations are made on the basis of real EIS results.
Originality/value
The electrical analysis in the simulation diagram did not consider the use of the CPE to adjust the plots. In consequence, the values of all parameters for the seven different adjustments obtained through the simulations establish a reference for the explanation of the corrosion phenomena. They are also a tool with which to predict the possible behaviour of a thin film deposited on metal and exposed to electrolytes that are as aggressive as sour media.
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Social Movements can play an important role in societal change, and Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) are often carriers of those efforts. SMOs differ from traditional…
Abstract
Social Movements can play an important role in societal change, and Social Movement Organizations (SMOs) are often carriers of those efforts. SMOs differ from traditional organizations in the goals they seek to accomplish and how they operate. Typically, within Social Movement literature, the unique internal organization forms have been understudied and usually do not attend to the socio-structural aspects of those processes. Using a Critical Race Theory/Intersectionality (CRT/I) lens and organizational theories, this study analyzes an ideologically driven SMO case dedicated to transformative change and the leadership of structurally marginalized people and communities, particularly women and people of color. Analysis of this case reveals unique organizational dynamics and particular ways that socio-structural patterns influenced every level of social movement-building and organizational practices.
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John R. Bartle, Carol Ebdon and Dale Krane
Local governments in the U.S. rely less on the property tax than they have historically. This long-term trend has been accompanied by important shifts in the composition of local…
Abstract
Local governments in the U.S. rely less on the property tax than they have historically. This long-term trend has been accompanied by important shifts in the composition of local revenues. While the property tax still serves as one primary source of local government revenue, increasingly other sources are used to pay for local government. This paper first examines that trend, the forces behind it, and its regional impact. We then explore trends in three central states - - Iowa, Nebraska, and Arkansas -- that have experienced substantial revenue shifts in recent years. A concluding section discusses the options for the future.
WHEN David Laing, sometime the learned librarian of the Library of the W.S., wrote that a very good social record of most countries possessing a romance literature of any fair…
Abstract
WHEN David Laing, sometime the learned librarian of the Library of the W.S., wrote that a very good social record of most countries possessing a romance literature of any fair extent could be written from their popular songs and ballads and historical tales, he made no very debatable postulate. He merely showed a greater appreciation of the value of romance literature than most people—even librarians—would on first thought consider it deserving of. But his opinion of its value as historical material was shared by no less eminent a literary scholar than Sir Walter Scott, who drew from the springs of romance when compiling his Tales of a Grandfather, and that this work did not suffer through Scott's utilization of romance literature in its compilation is proved by the fact that it is, despite its eighty years of existence, the most popular, as well as “the soundest thing” (to quote Saintsbury) that exists on the matter of Scottish history.
IN 1887 A. M. Wellington discussed in his book Economic Theory of the Location of Railways the way in which railroad layout could affect the development of the surrounding…
Abstract
IN 1887 A. M. Wellington discussed in his book Economic Theory of the Location of Railways the way in which railroad layout could affect the development of the surrounding regions. At one point he analysed the cost/value relationship of two possible sites for a railway bridge near the fork of a river and decided that the more difficult site, despite higher costs, was preferable because it would provide a better basis for industrial growth and commerce in a city there.
Mary M. Somerville, Lynn D. Lampert, Katherine S. Dabbour, Sallie Harlan and Barbara Schader
The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to those contemplating or preparing to administer a large scale information literacy assessment such as the ETS ICT assessment…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to those contemplating or preparing to administer a large scale information literacy assessment such as the ETS ICT assessment instrument. The case studies and literature review provide real life examples of how to consider implementing the ETS ICT instrument with special attention to issues such as collaboration, timing, marketing, budgeting, and developing a strategy that includes a discussion of how testing results will inform campus information literacy curriculum development and programming.
Design/methodology/approach
The planning and implementation by two California State University campuses that administrated beta test versions of the ETS ICT assessment instrument are documented. Background about ICT and guidance for future administrations of large scale assessments on university and college campuses are discussed.
Findings
The paper provides background information, techniques and guidance for academic librarians contemplating future administrations and usages of large scale assessments of student information and communication technology skills, like the ETS ICT assessment. Examples of necessary planning stages and collaboration are provided as well as a discussion of the value of large scale assessments for students, campuses and information literacy programs.
Practical implications
This paper offers guidance for academic librarians and libraries interested in assessing their information literacy programs and/or working within their university to conduct a large scale assessment of student ICT literacy skills using the ETS ICT assessment instrument.
Originality/value
The strategies and ideas presented in this paper will help inform other academic libraries and librarians faced with administrating and implementing a large scale assessment instrument such as the ETS ICT instrument.
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Ryan M. Yonk, Kayla Harris, R. Chistopher Martin and Barrett Anderson
Small and emerging business failure rates are high for numerous reasons. Government regulation has been cited as a contributing factor, yet literature documenting the actual…
Abstract
Purpose
Small and emerging business failure rates are high for numerous reasons. Government regulation has been cited as a contributing factor, yet literature documenting the actual effects of government regulation on small business is limited. The purpose of this paper is to clearly outline the regulatory compliance costs and effects on small businesses in the California dairy industry.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies a public choice framework to the history of dairy regulation and performs a case study on a small business, The White Moustache (TWM). The case study traces the burdens and costs of state dairy regulations placed on TWM as they sought the necessary permits to sell their artisan yogurt.
Findings
Strict and unresponsive regulation restricted TWM from selling their product. To comply with state dairy regulations, the direct costs to TWM would have increased by 70 percent. In addition, regulation caused two and a half years of delay before the company decided to leave the state. California’s dairy regulations place burdens on small dairy businesses that work as a strategic barrier to entry in the marketplace.
Originality/value
This case study highlights the direct effects that strict and unresponsive regulation can have on entrepreneurs and emerging businesses through a case study. Improving the understanding of how regulation affects small business can highlight new paths forward and help improve the small business failure rate in the USA.
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Marcello Mariani and Matteo Borghi
This paper aims to analyze if and to what extent mechanical artificial intelligence (AI)-embedded in hotel service robots-influences customers’ evaluation of AI-enabled hotel…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze if and to what extent mechanical artificial intelligence (AI)-embedded in hotel service robots-influences customers’ evaluation of AI-enabled hotel service interactions. This study deploys online reviews (ORs) analytics to understand if the presence of mechanical AI-related text in ORs influences customers’ OR valence across 19 leading international hotels that have integrated mechanical AI – in the guise of service robots – into their operations.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors identified the 19 leading hotels across three continents that have pioneered the adoption of service robots. Second, by deploying big data techniques, the authors gathered the entire population of ORs hosted on TripAdvisor (almost 50,000 ORs) and generated OR analytics. Subsequently, the authors used ordered logistic regressions analyses to understand if and to what extent AI-enabled hospitality service interactions are evaluated by service customers.
Findings
The presence of mechanical AI-related text (text related to service robots) in ORs influences positively electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) valence. Hotel guests writing ORs explicitly mentioning their interactions with the service robots are more prone to associate high online ratings to their ORs. The presence of the robot’s proper name (e.g., Alina, Wally) in the OR moderates positively the positive effect of mechanical AI-related text on ORs ratings.
Research limitations/implications
Hospitality practitioners should evaluate the possibility to introduce service robots into their operations and develop tailored strategies to name their robots (such as using human-like and short names). Moreover, hotel managers should communicate more explicitly their initiatives and investments in AI, monitor AI-related e-WOM and invest in educating their non-tech-savvy customers to understand and appreciate AI technology. Platform developers might create a robotic tag to be attached to ORs mentioning service robots to signal the presence of this specific element and might design and develop an additional service attribute that might be tentatively named “service robots.”
Originality/value
The current study represents the first attempt to understand if and to what extent mechanical AI in the guise of hotel service robots influences customers’ evaluation of AI-enabled hospitality service interactions.