Patricia Wonch Hill, Mary Anne Holmes and Julia McQuillan
This chapter contrasts “ideal worker” with “real worker” characteristics among STEM faculty in gendered organizations. The gap between the two reveals the need for academic…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter contrasts “ideal worker” with “real worker” characteristics among STEM faculty in gendered organizations. The gap between the two reveals the need for academic institutions to revise the notion of and the policies for typical faculty members.
Design
All STEM faculty at a Midwestern research intensive university were asked to participate in a mail and web-based survey to study faculty experiences within departments. The response rate was 70%. Faculty were then categorized by their employment, education, and parent status, and by the work status of their spouse/partner, to assess how closely the faculty matched the ideal academic worker: a faculty member with a full-time home-maker partner.
Findings
Only 13% of the surveyed STEM faculty resemble the “ideal worker” by having a partner who is not employed and who ensures all family care giving. The vast majority of STEM faculty are men with an employed partner who is more likely to have a professional (33%) rather than a nonprofessional (22%) degree.
Research limitations
Only one, public, research-intensive institution in the Midwest United States was surveyed and therefore findings cannot be generalized to faculty at other research intensive institutions or to other types of institutions.
Practical implications
Rather than adding policies to attract women into academia, we find an urgent need make academic institutions rethink to match the reality of most faculty. Increasing flexibility in the academic workplace is not a “women’s issue” but a “faculty issue.”
Value
This paper provides evidence that supports institutional change to accommodate the new academic workers, most of whom are part of dual career couples.
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Carrie H.S. Ruxton, Terry R. Kirk, Neville R. Belton and Michael A.M. Holmes
Presents new data comparing the nutrient content of school meals toproposed standards and showing the contribution of school meals to theoverall diet of seven to eight‐year‐old…
Abstract
Presents new data comparing the nutrient content of school meals to proposed standards and showing the contribution of school meals to the overall diet of seven to eight‐year‐old children. School meals contributed 24 per cent of daily energy intake and 17 to 35 per cent of daily nutrient intake but compared unfavourably to the proposed standards, being too low in certain micronutrients and too high in percentage energy from fat. However, since the overall diets of the children were deemed satisfactory, it was concluded that standards were not necessary for energy and the majority of nutrients. A targeted approach, recommending suitable levels for nutrients of particular concern, was suggested as a more viable option.
C.H.S. Ruxton, T.R. Kirk, N.R. Belton and M.A.M. Holmes
Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the dayand its consumption has been linked with aspects of health, such asnutrient intake and cognitive powers. Aims to…
Abstract
Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day and its consumption has been linked with aspects of health, such as nutrient intake and cognitive powers. Aims to review some of the literature on the subject and present new data on breakfast consumption patterns from the authors′ dietary survey of Scottish schoolchildren. Frequency of breakfast consumption and type of breakfast chosen was investigated in boys and girls in low and high socio‐economic groups. Few children missed breakfast and the most popular choice was ready‐to‐eat (RTE) breakfast cereal. Children from the low socio‐economic group tended to favour bread or toast. Differences in nutrient intake between RTE cereal eaters and the rest of the group were found and it was concluded that, although the dietary intake of this former group appeared more favourable, further research was required to establish a more definite causative effect.
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Abul F.M. Shamsuddin and Richard A. Holmes
Conducts both the cointegration test of the monetary theory of inflation and the Granger‐causality test between the variables in the system, and also develops univariate and…
Abstract
Conducts both the cointegration test of the monetary theory of inflation and the Granger‐causality test between the variables in the system, and also develops univariate and multivariate time series models to forecast inflation rates. Quarterly time series data for Pakistan, from 1972‐2 to 1993‐4 is used for empirical investigation. Results suggest no cointegrating or long‐run relationship between the variables in the monetary model. Observes that there is some evidence of Granger‐causality running from inflation to output growth. Comparison of out‐of‐sample quarterly forecasts for the 1988‐1 to 1993‐4 period are made for univariate and vector ARMA models of inflation. States that the forecasting accuracy of the multivariate ARMA model is not statistically different from that of the univariate ARMA model.
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Sandra C. Jones and John D. Rossiter
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of portrayed smoking status of actors on their popularity with both smoking and non‐smoking young people, as well as their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of portrayed smoking status of actors on their popularity with both smoking and non‐smoking young people, as well as their perceptions of the prevalence of smoking
Design/methodology/approach
Two experimental studies were conducted with Australian undergraduate university students, in which students were exposed to different versions of mock magazines featuring images of actors smoking and not smoking, as well as control actors.
Findings
The attitudes of young people towards well‐known actors were little influenced by the presence or absence of cigarettes, but non‐smoking actors were perceived more favourably when depicted in a group with smoking actors. Smoking actors tended to be preferred by young people who smoked. The results of both studies confirm that young people's estimates of smoking prevalence are considerably inflated.
Originality/value
The results of the current study suggest two key implications for health education: the need to address young people's elevated perceptions of smoking prevalence among their peers, parents, and celebrities by communicating the social norm of non‐smoking; and the potential use of celebrities – such as actors – as spokespersons or role models in anti‐smoking campaigns.
Christy M. Borders, Stacey Jones Bock, Karla Giese, Stephanie Gardiner-Walsh and Kristi M. Probst
The world revolves around sound. Children who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH) lack access to sound, thus need careful monitoring and planning to ensure they have access to…
Abstract
The world revolves around sound. Children who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH) lack access to sound, thus need careful monitoring and planning to ensure they have access to adequate language models and supports to develop a strong language foundation. It is this foundation that is needed to ensure D/HH children are able to achieve developmental and academic milestones. Research is emerging to suggest specific intervention strategies that can be used to support D/HH children from birth throughout their educational career. In this chapter, we highlight several strategies that can be used to support communication, language, academic, and social/emotional growth. We freely admit that this is in no way a comprehensive and exhaustive list, but rather only scratches the surface. The field of deaf education and related research and technology is constantly changing. To ensure adequate educational access, it is highly recommended that a professional specialized in hearing loss be a part of the educational team any time a child is identified as having any degree or type of hearing loss.
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Excellent resistance to a wide variety of corrosive media is one of the most valuable of lead's unique properties which include softness, malleability, high density and low…
Abstract
Excellent resistance to a wide variety of corrosive media is one of the most valuable of lead's unique properties which include softness, malleability, high density and low melting point. Consumption of lead in Europe is rising despite the attractions of other alternative materials which have made considerable progress, though not on so wide a front since they lack the versatility of lead. This three‐part review covers the many facets of lead as it is employed in preventing corrosion.
Pok Man Tang, Anthony C. Klotz, Joel Koopman, Elijah X. M. Wee and Yizhen Lu
Professional touching behavior (PTB), defined as intentional touching behavior that occurs between organizational members and that falls within the boundaries of appropriateness…
Abstract
Professional touching behavior (PTB), defined as intentional touching behavior that occurs between organizational members and that falls within the boundaries of appropriateness and professionalism in the workplace, is prevalent in organizations. Scholars from multiple disciplines, including human resources researchers, have acknowledged the importance of physical contact for facilitating interpersonal communication and relationship-building. However, PTB may not only elicit positive reactions from those who receive it but also negative reactions as well, with implications for social dynamics in organizations. PTB can, on the one hand, fulfill employees’ desires for interpersonal connection; at the same time, such physical contact at work can represent a threat to employees’ health. To explain the nature and implications of these divergent effects of receiving PTB, the authors draw upon sociometer theory and behavioral immune system (BIS) theory to model the emotional, cognitive, and physiological processes via which, and the conditions under which, receiving such behavior will result in socially functional responses and prompt subsequent prosocial behavior, and when PTB will be perceived as a health risk and prompt withdrawal behavior. The theoretical framework of this chapter expands our conceptual understanding of the consequences of interpersonal physical contact at work and has important human resources management (HRM) implications for organizational managers.
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As this three‐part article illustrates, the versatility of lead in preventing corrosion of other more prone materials seems to have few bounds. This second part considers lead as…
Abstract
As this three‐part article illustrates, the versatility of lead in preventing corrosion of other more prone materials seems to have few bounds. This second part considers lead as cable sheathing, piping and in cathodic protection applications. Its use in chemical plant cannot be overlooked and is also covered in this section. As with most other metals, adverse conditions, though relatively rare, can cause serious damage to the metal and whatever it may be protecting.
Most of this concluding article is concerned with surveying the corrosion of lead and its alloys in acids and alkalis of all types. As a considerable proportion of the lead…
Abstract
Most of this concluding article is concerned with surveying the corrosion of lead and its alloys in acids and alkalis of all types. As a considerable proportion of the lead consumed each year by industry is used for making grids for lead‐acid batteries, special attention has also been given to corrosion problems in this field. The newer applications for lead include its use in nuclear energy plant as a shielding material, and as a reactor coolant, and the corrosion problems arising under such conditions are discussed.