S.O. Aroyeun, O. Olubamiwa and M.A.K. Ogunjobi
Tea and herb teas are popular beverages with potential health benefits. This study evaluates the potential for the development of wine using infused tea leaves as a raw material.
Abstract
Purpose
Tea and herb teas are popular beverages with potential health benefits. This study evaluates the potential for the development of wine using infused tea leaves as a raw material.
Design/methodology/approach
Tea leaves of clones 318 and 143 obtained from the Mambilla Highland of the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan, were infused in hot water and used in wine production. Processed tea bags from Unilever Plc, Nigeria (LP) were used as the control. All the three infusions were fermented for 120 hours at 30°C.
Findings
The pH, total solids, and the specific gravity of the musts showed a marked decrease with concomitant increase in titratable acidity. Macro elements of the tea leaves indicated significant differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium between clones. The different physiology of the tea clones was responsible for the varied tannins of the wines. Sensory evaluation of the wines showed that there were significant differences, p<0.05 value, among wines samples in all the attributes evaluated.
Originality/value
The taste of the wines produced from tea leaves and the aroma compared favourably with other commercially known tropical fruit wines used in the assessment, although there is need for further work on the improvement of the colour of the tea wines.
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Abiola John Asaleye, Joseph Olufemi Ogunjobi and Omotola Adedoyin Ezenwoke
The implications of trade on developing economies have generated substantial debates with most studies focussed on “openness in the policy”. Hence, the purpose of this study is to…
Abstract
Purpose
The implications of trade on developing economies have generated substantial debates with most studies focussed on “openness in the policy”. Hence, the purpose of this study is to focus on “openness in practice”.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses two models and employed the vector error correction model and structural vector autoregression, first, to examine the sectoral effects; second, to investigate the efficacy of neoclassical and new trade theories; and third, to analyse the effect of trade openness shock on Nigerian labour market performance.
Findings
The results of the first model showed that trade openness has an adverse effect on employment and wages in both the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. Likewise, the study concludes that the new trade theory explains trade's behaviour on employment and wages in Nigeria. The second model showed that the effect of error shock from trade openness affected wages more than employment.
Research limitations/implications
The study ignores the distributional effects due to unavailability of data.
Practical implications
The study suggested, amongst others, the need for policies mix on the labour market via a coherent set of initiatives in other to increase the competitiveness of Nigeria in the international market.
Originality/value
Most studies focussed on openness in policy through the channels identified in the literature. However, this study investigates these channels in “openness in practice” and investigates trade theories' efficacy on manufacturing and agricultural sectors in Nigeria, which has been neglected in the literature.
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Suhaib B. Bani Kinana and Omar Arabiat
AI technology sparked such an apparently rigorous adjustment in the auditing field, radically changing the methods auditors work through. This surge disrupted the conventional…
Abstract
AI technology sparked such an apparently rigorous adjustment in the auditing field, radically changing the methods auditors work through. This surge disrupted the conventional processes, presenting both challenges and opportunities. Although AI technology empowered auditors to enhance quality through automating tasks such as data analysis, risk assessment, and error detection, it also carries severe implications. For example, utilizing machine learning algorithms can remarkably process financial data; in contrast, it also involves legal and ethical concerns that auditors should carefully address. This demonstrates that AI integration provides advanced tools for advanced analytics, anomaly detection, and trend identification and, at the same time, poses challengers represented in bias, data breach, and fraudulent activities. Such ethical considerations surrounding AI-augmented decision-making call for scrutiny and oversight to ensure regulatory compliance. Looking ahead, AI integration continues to redefine the audit landscape, reshaping the roles and responsibilities placed on auditors. As AI capabilities evolve, auditors can harness the power of data-driven insights, providing deeper and actionable recommendations. This shift towards an additionally data-centric and analytical approach elevates the audit value, driving greater assurance and guidance. As auditors embrace the opportunities presented by AI technology and navigate the associated challenges, they can successfully employ the capabilities that inspire innovation while bearing in mind the ethical dilemma that may arise later.
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Ebere Ume Kalu, Pius Bala Daniel, Uchenna Florence Nwafor, Chinwe R. Okoyeuzu, Okoro E.U. Okoro and Elizabeth U. Okechukwu
The main aim of this study was to examine whether any relationship exists between energy consumption and value added of the agricultural and industrial sector as well as the…
Abstract
Purpose
The main aim of this study was to examine whether any relationship exists between energy consumption and value added of the agricultural and industrial sector as well as the overall growth rate of the Nigerian economy.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used annualized time series data from 1971 to 2014 drawn from the World Bank Development Indicators, adopting an autoregressive distributed lag technique in the data analyses as well as the bound test and error correction representation.
Findings
There is a very strong evidence of the existence of a long-run relationship between energy consumption and indicators of economic growth. There are very strong proofs that economic growth and agricultural value added adjust to the shocks and dynamics of the studied energy-consumption-related variables while manufacturing value added proved otherwise.
Originality value
No study to the best of our knowledge has brought together aggregate growth, agricultural value added and manufacturing value added in the investigation of the energy consumption and economic growth nexus in one study using the Nigerian stylized economic environment. This represents the value added of this study and shows its originality.
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Omoseni Oyindamola Adepoju and David Love Opeyemi
The unseen benefit of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria is that it presented an insight into the contributions of the manufacturing industry to the socio-economic development of…
Abstract
The unseen benefit of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria is that it presented an insight into the contributions of the manufacturing industry to the socio-economic development of the nation. During the pandemic, the unavailability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) have demonstrated the low production capability of the Nigerian manufacturing industry to provide essential materials and equipment required by the health sector. This availability of these facilities is vital for the sustenance of public health and lives of frontline health workers. Consequently, this challenge resulted in an increase in infection and deaths of frontline health workers which could have minimized if there were adequate provision of PPE local production. Hence, this study postulates that the COVID-19 pandemic is an entrepreneurial opportunity in Nigeria, especially for the mass production of PPE to service the health sector of Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. The study therefore investigated the challenges of entrepreneurship in Nigeria's manufacturing industry and examined how the strategic partnership between educational institutions, corporate bodies and the government can be optimized. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology based on scholarly journals and interview sessions, the study revealed that Nigeria's manufacturing capability is low due to Nigeria's age-long protectionist tendency, lack of integration of entrepreneurship skill in the industry, inadequate knowledge of financial knowledge, lack of synergy in the industry, among others. The study recommended a strategic framework for Nigeria's manufacturing industry for the production of PPE in form of a helix model after an overhauling of the production process of the industry.
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Isaac Chitedze, Chukwuemeka Cosmas Nwedeh Nwedeh, Adenikinju Adeola and Donald Chidera Chidera Abonyi
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent at which electricity consumption (EC) has contributed to real sector performance, to identify energy-dependent sectors of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent at which electricity consumption (EC) has contributed to real sector performance, to identify energy-dependent sectors of the economy for appropriate sector-specific policy interventions and to avoid energy conservation policies that may retard the growth of the real sector and economic growth in general.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper used time series data, covering the period between 1981 and 2015. Various time series econometric analyses such as unit root test for stationarity and vector autoregressive and vector error correction models were used to establish the long-run and short-run co-integration relationship among the variables.
Findings
This study finds that EC displays a little and insignificant impact on manufacturing sector output, as well as agriculture and service outputs. The empirical result from causality test suggests a unidirectional causality running from agriculture to EC, as well as service sector to EC, whereas bidirectional causality runs between EC and manufacturing sector. This study therefore recommends adequate power supply to the manufacturing sector, while energy efficiency policy and regulatory reform should address agriculture and service sectors.
Originality/value
Few studies have examined the impact of EC on disaggregated gross domestic product. This research gap has strong policy implications on Nigerian economy as the output of real sector plays vital role in driving the economy. Given the pressing needs for Nigeria to boost real sector output and be among the world’s 20 largest economies by 2030, it becomes imperative for this sector-specific research to be conducted to ensure that sectoral purpose-driven energy interventions are formulated to address power supply challenges in the real sector.
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Bader Al-Aifan, Naveen Kumar Gouroju, Bharath Reddy Gunamgari, Aravindan N., Durga Prasad Balam and Sai Ram Gangarapu
This study aims to develop a copper nano-based emulsified cutting fluid (ECF) with enhanced thermal, antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties. The study focuses on optimizing…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to develop a copper nano-based emulsified cutting fluid (ECF) with enhanced thermal, antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties. The study focuses on optimizing the water-to-Triton X-100 (W/TX) ratios and incorporating copper nanoparticles to improve the fluid’s overall efficacy in machining applications.
Design/methodology/approach
Various trial combinations were conducted to determine the optimal W/TX ratios. The as-prepared copper nanoparticles were dispersed in the cutting fluid to enhance its thermo-physical properties. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability and surface spreading capability were measured. Microbial studies identified prevalent microorganisms, particularly Mycobacterium immunogenum. To combat microbial contamination and corrosion, natural biocides (ß-Ionine) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were added. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency and overall performance were evaluated.
Findings
The inclusion of copper nanoparticles significantly improved the cutting fluid thermal properties, achieving a 51.12% enhancement in thermal conductivity and thermal stability. The surface spreading capability was enhanced with a contact angle of 52.48°. Mycobacterium immunogenum was identified as the most frequent contaminant. The addition of natural biocide ß-Ionine effectively addressed microbial contamination, while 1.4 ml of NaH2PO4 improved the corrosion inhibitor efficiency to 66.94%. The Cu-W/TX cutting fluid demonstrated eco-friendly characteristics with notable antimicrobial and anti-corrosion benefits.
Originality/value
The research work improves ECFs by incorporating copper nanoparticles and optimizing surfactant ratios. It highlights Triton X-100’s potential as a cutting fluid base and the benefits of natural biocides, contributing to more sustainable, efficient fluids with significant environmental and industrial implications.
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The purpose of this study is to examine households’ behavior towards dirty cooking energy utilisation in an environment where relatively higher accessibility to clean energy is…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine households’ behavior towards dirty cooking energy utilisation in an environment where relatively higher accessibility to clean energy is noted. Although the low utilisation rate of clean energy can partly be attributed to utility gains anticipated in dirty energy mixes (DEMs) arising out of accessibility constraints, affordances and enablers, it is still unclear on the extend at which each of these contributes towards DEMs manifestation among the seemingly well-to-do households with higher levels of clean energy mixes (CEM) access. This study, therefore, hinges on scrutinising on this lower utilisation patterns despite a seemingly higher accessibility of CEMs, specifically liquified petroleum gases (LPG).
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on a household’s survey that was carried out in 2018, reaching a sample of 393 households using questionnaires in four wards of the Kigamboni district in Tanzania. Subsequent analyses were descriptive as well as inferential based on binary logistic regression analysis where utilisation of DEMs was predicted for both the high and low social economic status (SES) households by incorporating accessibility constraints, affordances and enablers.
Findings
The results show, first, if one assumes energy stacking is not an issue, as households become more constrained towards CEMs utilisation, they shift towards DEMs suggesting that the overall effect is a substitution, and second, the complementarity effect ultimately outweighs the substitution effect as households do not shift from DEMs to CEMs rather stack multiple energy. DEMs flourish in this case study area because those with high income are among those in the lowest SES, and some of those with the highest SES are from among the lowest income category, and all of them end up with more DEMs because shifting towards CEMs require income to complement SES.
Practical implications
Policy-wise, removing hurdles in accessing CEMs such as LPG subsidy programme, gas stove provision to the poor, and enhanced LPG awareness will most likely benefits only those who do not stack energy in cooking while strategies targeting those at the lowest SES such as higher education attainment, empower women as a family decision maker, encourage co-occupancy to enlarge the household size and contain urban growth within certain perimeter will have a significant impact only if they raise both incomes and SES.
Originality/value
Despite of the dominance of DEMs for cooking such as charcoal and firewood in Tanzania, CEMs such as LPG, have emerged as complements or alternatives in the household energy basket. The utilisation of such CEMs is, however, still very low despite the accessibility, cost, environmental and health advantages they offer. Accessibility is not the only factor fuelling CEMs; a complementarity must exist between SES and income for the positive transition towards CEMs to be realised.
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Chika Euphemia Asogwa, Kehinde Oyesomi, Igwebuike Innocent Olijo, Ambrose Igboke, Ogochukwu Gabriella Onah and Verlumun Celestine Gever
This study evaluated the use of Internet-mediated platforms for food supply chain among Ukrainian farmers due to the war.
Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated the use of Internet-mediated platforms for food supply chain among Ukrainian farmers due to the war.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was an online survey involving 325 Ukrainian farmers. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire.
Findings
The result of the study revealed the main effect of Internet-powered media such as social media, mobile applications and dedicated websites on food supply, F(1,308) 5.745, p = 0.004, p2 = 0.036. The result also revealed the interacting effect of supply intention (p = 0.001) and destination of supply (p = 0.001). Further analysis revealed that farmers with profit and charity intentions are likely to use dedicated websites, while those with trade-by-batter intentions are likely to use mobile applications. Also, the supply destination significantly interacted with the use of Internet-powered technologies (p = 0.001). A breakdown of the result showed that supply destinations in Ukraine are likely to be coordinated through dedicated websites, while those for neighbouring countries are likely to be coordinated through social media. Finally, variables from the unified theory of technology acceptance and use of technology, such as effort expectancy (ß = 0.412), performance expectancy (ß = 0.655) and social influence (ß = 0.182), collectively and individually predict the use of Internet-powered communication technologies for food supply among Ukrainian farmers, F(3,308)16.801, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.142.
Research limitations/implications
This study explains how Internet-based media have contributed to the sustenance of agribusiness and food supply chain in challenging times like war.
Originality/value
Information from this study could be useful in understanding the contributing role of digital media in agribusiness and food supply during uncertainties.