M.A. Saltzberg, A.L. Neller, C.S. Harvey, T.E. Borninski and R.J. Gordon
Higher densities and concerns for human health are driving the need for better EMCprotection on PCBs in automotive applications. Simultaneously, there is a strong need to reduce…
Abstract
Higher densities and concerns for human health are driving the need for better EMC protection on PCBs in automotive applications. Simultaneously, there is a strong need to reduce circuit costs. Ford, Circuit Wise and Du Pont have worked together to develop the use of polymer thick film (PTF) conductors to provide EMC protection in automotive circuits at a fraction of the cost of adding additional conventional ground plane layers. This paper will discuss the reliability and electrical performance of this approach. The PTF approach is fully compatible with conventional PCB fabrication and assembly processes, including hot air solder levelling and surface‐mounting, and gives EMC protection comparable to or better than that of additional copper ground planes.
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There are many advantages of microvia: it requires a much smaller pad, which saves the board size and weight; with microvia, more chips can be placed in less space or a smaller…
Abstract
There are many advantages of microvia: it requires a much smaller pad, which saves the board size and weight; with microvia, more chips can be placed in less space or a smaller PCB, which results in a low cost; and with microvia, electrical performance improves due to a shorter pathway. Basically, there are five major processes for microvia formation: NC drilling; laser via fabrication including CO2 laser, YAG laser, and excimer; photo‐defined vias, wet or dry; etch via fabrications including chemical (wet) etching and plasma (dry) etching; and conductive ink formed vias, wet or dry. This paper will discuss the materials and processes of these five major microvia formation methods. At the end, eight key manufacturers from Japan will be briefly illustrated for their research status and current capability of producing smallest microvia.
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Possibilities for self-representation for transgender (trans) and gender non-conforming (GNC) youth must be conceptualized in relation to youths’ placement within frames of power…
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Possibilities for self-representation for transgender (trans) and gender non-conforming (GNC) youth must be conceptualized in relation to youths’ placement within frames of power. Powerful institutional forces in youths’ lives include schools and policing and, as is evidenced by youths’ statements, extend to mass media portrayals. Library approaches that reify the inclusion of representative texts do not adequately meet the needs of trans and GNC youth. As a profession, librarianship must reflect on ideological approaches to gendered embodiment to push against an ongoing repetition of institutional harms done to trans and GNC youth.
This chapter offers examinations of information needs, complex online worlds, and incorporation of histories made invisible by power alongside critical literacy skills as crucial aspects of providing services to all possibly or actually trans and GNC youth. It critically situates the circumstances of trans youths’ lives in relation to the effect that adult perceptions have on trans and GNC youths’ ability to access resources. It provides a framework for reflection on how young adult librarians often unconsciously limit library access by enacting gendered expectations that do not always match the possibility or actuality of youths’ experiences or self-conceptions. The chapter outlines modes of communication – through library materials, programs, community resources and partnerships – that convey deeper understandings of trans and GNC experiences to possibly or actually trans and GNC youth.
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Robert J. Manthei and Alison Gilmore
Owing to the increasing debt students are accumulating to finance their tertiary study, many are having to work during term time. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of…
Abstract
Purpose
Owing to the increasing debt students are accumulating to finance their tertiary study, many are having to work during term time. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of this paid employment on their study time and other aspects of their lives.
Design/methodology approach
Eighty three undergraduates completed a questionnaire about their academic workload, their paid employment commitments during term time, their earnings and expenditure, and their recreational and cultural activities.
Findings
Results indicated that 81 per cent of the students held at least one job during term time for an average of 14 hours per week. The money earned was typically spent on essential living expenses. Working left less time than desired for social activities, study and recreation.
Research limitations/implications
The findings are limited by the relatively small sample size of self‐selected students: mainly young, female and enrolled in Arts courses.
Practical implications
The results suggest that working is not always detrimental to students' academic efforts, particularly if the hours worked are manageable given their course load. Lecturers should be more aware of the busy lives students lead and try to structure assignments and course requirements to recognise this, including the scheduling of class times and the offering of study support services.
Originality/value
The study adds to the growing body of international data that reports on the effects of a user‐pays approach in tertiary education. There is no similar data in New Zealand.
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Shimul Melwani and Payal Nangia Sharma
The contemporary workplace is characterized by transience: Organizational members frequently turn over and careers span multiple organizations. Consequently, workplace friendships…
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The contemporary workplace is characterized by transience: Organizational members frequently turn over and careers span multiple organizations. Consequently, workplace friendships that were once close become less close and intimate, that is they become peripheral and can deteriorate. While research has examined the benefits for employees who move on to new opportunities, less clear is how stayers, or employees who remain behind in the work setting, are affected. To understand stayers’ experiences and how they manage, we draw on theories of belongingess and to offer a three-part episodic process model, which explains how stayers’ engagement in the task and social domains are influenced. In doing so, we (1) present a dynamic view of the deterioration of dyadic relationships, highlighting how workplace relationships can change over time; (2) discuss both the depth and breadth of emotions involved for stayers; and (3) integrate a positive organizational scholarship perspective by considering both strength of friendships with other present coworkers and coping approaches of stayers as important boundary conditions, which can facilitate their recovery process. We draw attention to the broader implications of our theorizing for research on relationships and emotions, and practical implications for management.
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Purpose – The purpose of this exploratory research study was to bring the experiences of women in contact sport to the forefront of the discussion of gender and sport. The…
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this exploratory research study was to bring the experiences of women in contact sport to the forefront of the discussion of gender and sport. The findings that I present here focus on the unique group of six female martial artists between the ages of 40 and 44 and the similarities and differences that emerged in comparison with the younger group of female rugby players and martial artists.
Methodology – A Standpoint Feminist approach was used through in-depth interviewing in a nonprobability purposive sample. The sample consisted of 15 female rugby players and 15 female martial artists.
Findings – In many ways, women in the younger and older groups have similar perceptions about the body and femininity. However, age may produce different perceptions about femininity in terms of gendered life stages. Age also appears to influence women's perceptions about femininity being an issue for athletes. In terms of the body, several of the women in the older group did begin comparing their older body to their younger body, although all mentioned weight.
Limitations – The research concentrated on only two contact sports, future research should be expanded. In addition, only 30 participants were interviewed in Canada. Future research should include a larger number of participants in an international sporting environment. This would increase generalizability.
Originality – This research presents an opportunity to explore age differences in sporting experiences, a topic whose coverage is limited in the literature.
David C. Wyld, Sam D. Cappel and Daniel E. Hallock
Years ago, Henry D. Lloyd defined religion as being the “conscience in action.” The concept of religion is one which is indeed completely individualised in both perspective and…
Abstract
Years ago, Henry D. Lloyd defined religion as being the “conscience in action.” The concept of religion is one which is indeed completely individualised in both perspective and importance. However, as Bailey (1983) observed, the very basis for theology lies in the explanatory power of religion when examined through the perspective of psychology. Byron (1988) saw a theological basis to the functions of management and entrepreneurship, linking these activities to the religious duty of stewardship.
The aim of the paper is to examine the consequences of students engaging in part‐time employment during their studies. It reports the results of a survey of part‐time employment…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the paper is to examine the consequences of students engaging in part‐time employment during their studies. It reports the results of a survey of part‐time employment among university students. The research examined the possible consequences of combining part‐time employment with full‐time study, with particular reference to stress.
Design/methodology/approach
The research consisted of an institution‐wide Web‐based survey of full‐time undergraduates within a post‐1992 university in the UK.
Findings
The survey found that part‐time employment, in common with many previous studies, is a majority experience for full‐time undergraduates. It also found that some students were spending longer in their chosen employment than in time‐tabled classes. A central finding was that unlike much previous research, it emerged here that students reported more positive than negative outcomes.
Practical implications
The data shows that students continue to engage in part‐time employment at a significant level and for some studying is almost a secondary activity. This perhaps raises questions about the existing model of higher education delivery and the need for institutions to consider offering more support mechanisms for individual students.
Originality/value
The paper is of value in seeking to clarify the nature of the consequences for students seeking to combine employment and studying. Furthermore the paper builds on our understanding of the continuing growth of student part‐time employment.
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The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey of part‐time employment among university students. The survey seeks to establish the nature and characteristics of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey of part‐time employment among university students. The survey seeks to establish the nature and characteristics of that employment, and to determine the extent to which it is comparable to similar institutions. The research also aims to examine the possible consequences of combining part‐time employment with full‐time study, with particular reference to stress.
Design/methodology/approach
The research consisted of a web‐based survey of full‐time undergraduates within the business school of a post‐1992 university in the UK.
Findings
The survey found that 68 per cent of the sample currently holds at least one part‐time job during term‐time and that the majority are employed in excess of ten hours per week. Employment is concentrated in a small number of sectors such as retailing, service and call centres. Previous studies report that combining a degree with employment can have negative consequences with students missing classes, doing less reading and experiencing higher levels of stress.
Practical implications
The growth of student employment is eroding further the concept of the full‐time student and universities may need to consider adaptations to their current programmes to accommodate students. From a recruitment and retention perspective, institutions may also need to consider the mechanisms they can offer to support students working part‐time.
Originality/value
The paper is of value in adding to the existing knowledge base about student part‐time employment, which continues to be a growing phenomenon. It also sheds further light on the consequences of working while studying and the negative outcomes that may arise. In particular it examines the relationship between part‐time employment and stress.
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Catherine Watts and Angela Pickering
Increasing numbers of full‐time undergraduates are supplementing their income by seeking paid employment during term‐time. This article presents some preliminary findings from a…
Abstract
Increasing numbers of full‐time undergraduates are supplementing their income by seeking paid employment during term‐time. This article presents some preliminary findings from a research project which explores to what extent academic progress is affected by the part‐time, term‐time paid employment of full‐time undergraduates. It begins by considering changes made to the student funding mechanism over the past few decades and briefly contextualises the study in relation to other relevant studies. It then presents the initial findings of the study and discusses these in the light of the implications raised for: students; the institution; academic staff; employers.