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DURING the period 1965 to 67, a number of aircraft accidents occurred in which fires contributed significantly to the loss of life.

This paper aims to analyze the high temperature (200°C) corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel in acidizing stimulation solution containing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid.

The corrosion rate of 2205 duplex stainless steel in all kinds of acid solutions was calculated through immersion tests and electrochemical test. The corrosion product composition is analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The element composition and element distribution before and after corrosion were analyzed by an X-ray energy spectrometer. The corrosion morphology of the steel surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Both static and dynamic corrosion experiments were carried out at 200°C.

The results show that 2205 duplex stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance in low to high concentration acetic acid solutions, but increasing the concentration of Cl⁻ in acetic acid solution will accelerate the corrosion rate. Low concentration HCl solution can cause serious corrosion to 2205 duplex stainless steel. The system of HCl and acetic acid will produce a synergistic effect on corrosion of 2205 duplex stainless steel and accelerate the corrosion. Sb₂O₃ is a good corrosion inhibitor synergist for high-temperature acidizing stimulation solution.

The amount of HCl that is used in acidizing stimulation is usually determined by the dissolution effect of the acid on the rocks, but for ultra-high-temperature reservoirs, the amount of HCl should be based on reducing the corrosion of oil and gas wells.

This study aims to try and understand under what cultural conditions entrepreneurship will thrive and prosper, whether under shame or guilt cultures.

The authors use basic game theory to model the conditions under which entrepreneurship will thrive. The authors anticipate that guilt cultures allow for the development of a rules-based culture that allows for the development of impersonal exchange, whereas shame cultures, which are relationship-oriented, focus on strong ties and hence lack the means to expand firms from small and medium family/clan-based businesses.

Empirical results are completed to see whether guilt-dominating cultures are more conducive to having larger firms and whether guilt-dominating cultures have less informality. The authors find support for the latter but lack the right data to test the former.

The authors use a new measure of culture to see how it impacts entrepreneurship.